Study Week 1/6

Normal BUN levels

10-20 mg/dL

what causes c.diff?

antibiotics

-paresis means

partial paralysis

trendelenburg might be used for what two issues?

uncompressing umbilical cord and hypotensive clients

what is the appropriate order to address high pressure alarm in a mechanical ventilator?

unkink, empty water, turn cough deep breathe, suction pt

Where are malignant lumps most likely to be found on the breasts?

upper outer quadrant

preferred site for IM injection in a young child?

vastus lateralis

What does the QRS complex represent?

ventricular depolarization (contraction)

high osmolarity means

dehydration

why do we give sevelamer

its a phosphate binder to treat hyperphosphatemia associated with chronic kidney disease

high albumin means

kidney disease

what medications slow contractions?

terbutaline and magnesium sulfate

What is the most common cause of epiglottitis?

(Hib) Haemophilus influenza type B

for a transfusion of PRBCs, the nurse should obtain which IV fluid to accompany the transfusion

0.9% saline

how long does it take SSRIs to work?

1-3 weeks

Normal gravity of urine

1.010-1.030

Sodium range

135-145

In kids, the liver is not fully developed until

2 years old

Normal HCO3

22-26

what needle size for neonates?

25g

Potassium range

3.5-5.0

with a fracture bedpan, how high up should a pt sit?

30degrees

Normal CO2 levels

35-45

How long are EKG strips?

6 seconds

Normal pH

7.35-7.45

Glucose range

70-110

What is leukemia?

A cancer of white blood cells/leukocytes.

What is multiple sclerosis?

A disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves.

atrial septal defect

ASD; a hole in the atrial septum that causes blood in the RA and LA to mix

What does accountability mean

Accepting responsibility for your own actions

CO2 is an acid/base? What is CO2 made by?

Acid made by the lungs

-zole meds are

Antifungal

What should we monitor with MAOI's

Avoid foods with tyramine (aged foods) Hypertensive crisis

the nurse is caring for a client with suspected CHF. Which lab test would the nurse expect the PHCP to prescribe to confirm the diagnosis?

BNP because with fluid retention bnp is released.

What is tuberculosis?

Bacterial infection of the lungs

Bicarbonate is an acid/base? What is bicarbonate made by?

Base made by the kidneys

At what age is ibuprofen contraindicated in children? What can we give in the meantime?

Before 6 months old because they have an immature liver. Acetaminophen

Why don't we give tetracycline antibiotics to kids?

Can cause tooth discoloration

What does hemoglobin do?

Carries and delivers oxygen.

What does non-maleficence mean

Do no harm

PTT. Intrinsic/Extrinsic test? What does it do? What is the normal range? What medication is monitored with PTT and what is the expected range for that?

Extrinsic test. Sees how long it takes for blood to clot. 20-30 seconds is the normal range. Heparin is monitored with PTT and the expected range is 1.5-2.5x the normal.

what treats trichotillomania?

FCP fluoxetine, paroxetine, citalopram

What does justice mean

Fairness

What are WBCs? What is the range?

Fight infection. 5-10K is the range.

How do Hindus prefer to wash

Free flowing water

what does cimetidine treat?

H. Pylori

HDL RANGE? LDL RANGE?

HDL 55+ LDL <130

the nurse is caring for a client exhibiting signs of poor muscle coordination, stooped posture, and slow movements. Which medication is most likely to cause these symptoms?

Haloperidol

CPK-MB increase is seen in? What is the normal range?

Heart damage. Normal range is 0%

TSH, T3, T4 in hypothyroidism

High TSH, low T3 and T4

third degree heart block

If Ps and Qs don't agree, then you have Third degree

First degree heart block

If R is far from the P then you have first degree

If a child is less than 2 years old where we administering injections

In the thigh

PT. Intrinsic/Extrinsic test? What does it do? What is the normal range?

Intrinsic test. Sees how long it takes for the blood to clot. 10-12 seconds is the normal range.

Who may refuse blood products

Jehovah's Witness

When is the only time we give aspirin to children

Kawasaki disease

What does fidelity mean

Keeping your promises

ischemia

Lack of blood supply

What kind of diet do Hindus follow

Lacto vegetarian

TSH, T3, T4 in hyperthyroidism

Low TSH, high T3 and T4

Causes of hyponatremia, remember phonetic

MOBS FAIL M-meds O-oral gastric tube suctioning B-burns S-saidh FAIL-failure of organs

Causes of hypernatremia, remember phonetic

MODELS M-medications O-osmotic diuretics D-diabetes insipidus E-excessive H2O loss L-low H2O intake S-sodium intake too high

What does autonomy mean

Making your own decisions

Why don't we give oseltamivir to younger kids?

May cause hallucinations

what three med classes should be avoided with lithium?

NSAIDS, ACE INHIBITORS, AND DIURETICS (NAD)

Halal diet rules

No alcohol and no pork Only meats allowed are religiously slaughtered

Seventh Day Adventist Church rules

No alcohol no caffeine lacto OVO vegetarians no pork

Buspirone is used for

ONLY used for *anxiety!*

Medications to induce contractions?

Oxytocin

the nurse is preparing a client for a renal biopsy. Which lab test are most important to gather prior to this procedure?

PT and aPTT. Youre sticking a needle into them and wanna know how they bleed

EKG changes in hyperkalemia

Peaked T waves

What is hematocrit?

Percentage of RBCs in our body

What are platelets? What is the range?

Platelets plug/clots.

What does desmopressin do?

Prevents dehydration by enhancing water absorption in the kidneys

levels of prevention?

Primary: prevent/promotion Secondary: screen-early detection Tertiary: treatment

Which drugs ripen the cervix?

Prostaglandins (misoprostol/dinoprostone)

Moro reflex

Reflex in which a newborn strectches out the arms and legs and cries in response to a loud noise or an abrupt change in the environment

What kind of clothes do Hindus wear

Sacred thread

What should we monitor with SSRI's

Serotonin syndrome and suicidal precautions for two or three weeks until the drug kicks in

What should we monitor with the TCAs

T for tachycardia C for cardiac A for anticholinergic S for sexual dysfunction slash sedation

Metabolic acidosis: too much/too little HCO3? S/SX?

TOO LITTLE! s/sx include renal disease, diarrhea

Respiratory alkalosis: too much/too little co2? S/SX?

TOO LITTLE! s/sx include hyperventilation, panic attack

Metabolic alkalosis: too much/too little HCO3? S/SX?

TOO MUCH! s/sx include vomiting, antacids

Respiratory acidosis: too much/too little co2? S/SX?

TOO MUCH! s/sx include hypoventilation, COPD, asthma

What does veracity mean

Telling the truth

What kind of clothes do Mormons wear

Temple garments

If a child is older than threewhere are we administering injections

Their arm

What does beneficence mean

To do good

INR. What does it do? What is the normal range? What medication is monitored with INR and what is the expected range for that?

Uses PT to see how well Warfarin is working. Normal range is 0.9-1.2. Warfarin is monitored with INR and the expected range is 2-3

What does the T wave represent?

Ventricular repolarization (ventricular relaxation)

what is cyanocobalamin?

Vitamin B12

What is a nephroblastoma?

Wilms tumor

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

a disorder where there is impaired metabolism of phenylalanine.

infant formulas: enfamil

a standard formula used for infants without diet restrictions. Used to sell this at food lion

the nurse is assessing a patient diagnosed with stage IV nephroblastoma. Which of the following actions is contraindicated in this patient?

abdominal palpation

-stenosis means

abnormal narrowing

with a NST, what is a good sign?

accelerations of 15bpm+ for at least 15seconds 2x

what would the nurse expect to administer to a client who presents to the emergency department with a toxic acetaminophen level?

acetylcysteine

the parent of an 11-year-old receiving chemotherapy for leukemia is concerned because the client's sibling has chickenpox. What action will you anticipate taking next?

administer varicella-zoster immune globulin to the client

pneumothorax

air in the pleural cavity

What is lorazepam used for?

alcohol withdrawal

prednisone increases what? and what is that responsible for?

aldosterone which is responsible for retaining sodium and eliminating potassium

what kind of dressings are used for wounds with significant drainage?

alginates

what is systemic lupus erythematosus? whats a classic sign?

an autoimmune diseasse where antibodies fight the bodies own cells classic sign is red butterfly rash across nose and cheeks

what type of medications should a patient with glaucoma avoid?

anticholinergics

a client recently diagnosed with diabetes is sent home with a prescription for subcutaneous insulin. What information is essential for the nurse to emphasize concerning safe needle disposal?

any hard plastic container with a screw-on cap can be used

the nurse recognizes that the most serious form of bone marrow toxicity is:

aplastic anemia

to a client receiving vasopressors, what would the PHCP order and why?

arterial line for continuous BP monitoring

which OTC medication is Reye;'s syndrome associated with?

aspirin

for AAA, what med and why?

atenolol to reduce the size of the aneurism

What does the P wave represent?

atrial depolarization (contraction)

what do we give for sinus bradycardia?

atropine

With pernicious anemia, what will the client have to receive?

b12 for life

what counteracts EPS seen in haloperidol?

benztropine mesylate.

what medication group does the nurse expect will help decrease tremors in a client with hypothyroidism?

beta blockers cuz they block adrenaline which would make us shake

What does lithium treat?

bipolar disorder

what does divalproex treat? what lab should we monitor with this drug?

bipolar disorder. monitor ALT because it will increase in liver damage as a side effect of this drug

When do we give fresh frozen plasma?

blood loss related to warfarin or DIC

how to treat epidural headache?

blood patch

the patient with testicular cancer is receiving IV cisplatin. What should the nurse assess for?

bone marrow suppression because this medication causes this.

in infants, what artery is the right site to check for a pulse?

brachial

to ensure that phenytoin does not fail, which OTC medication should the PT not take at the same time?

calcium carbonate

-sarcoma means

cancer originating in the body's connective tissue cells

-carcinoma means

cancer originating in the skin or tissue cells of internal organs

HPV vaccine will prevent which cancer?

cervical

fastest way to get acetylsalicylic acid absorbed?

chew before swallowing

which of the following is the likely contributing factor of an elevated red blood cell count in a patient with a history of chronic bronchitis?

chronic hypoxia because when the body senses poor oxygen levels, the kidney releases EPO to stimulate RBC production to ensure that there is the maximum amount of HGB to carry any oxygen it can

post thyroidectomy, the nurse monitors the client for which 3 complications?

chvostek's sign in case parathyroid was removed accidentally swallowing reflex neck dressings

D-Dimer detects what

clots

clinical feature of hypoglycemia?

cold sweats

what precautions for c.diff?

contact

aystole

cpr

what findings would indicate the client has compartment syndrome?

cutting off circulation, not relieved by pain medicine

the nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with pernicious anemia. The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which medication?

cyanocobalamin

what two foods are orthodox jewish people not permitted to have in one meal?

dairy products and meat

what does hydroxychloroquine sulfate do? what should we instruct pts on this med to do?

decreases swelling and joint pain. see eye doctor at least once a year because retinopathy is a side effect sometimes.

high specific gravity means

dehydration

cognitive psychotherapy

depression, anxiety, or eating disorders

vfib

dfib

positive glucose and ketones in the urine is indicative of...

diabetes

what does the water deprivation test diagnose?

diagnoses diabetes insipidus

low osmolarity means

dilute urine

low specific gravity means

dilute urine

the nurse cares for a client diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease. The nurse anticipates the PHCP to prescribe which medication?

doxycycline

what medication treats lyme disease?

doxycycline

prone position may be used for...

draining secretions

What is a risk factor in young girls for developing breast cancer?

early menarche

what medication is indicated for VTE

enoxaparin

what is phenytoin used for?

epilepsy

which client medication is most commonly associated with GI upset and constipation?

ferrous sulfate

what is the antidote for lorazepam toxicity?

flumazenil

psychoanalysis

focuses on past and current issues

what are some important prescription writing errors we should know?

for big numbers, use commas. Never have a trailing zero for a whole number

cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy

for people with personality disorder who are at risk for injury to themselves and others

behavioral psychotherapy

for phobias

infant formulas: lofenalac

formula for PKU that is low in phenylalanine

right lateral recumbent might be used for

gastric emptying

What can phenytoin cause?

gingival hyperplasia

What is timolol used for? how does it work?

glaucoma. works by decreasing aqueous humor formation; therefore decreasing IOP

-plasia means

growth, development

what is trichotillomania

hair pulling disorder

-sclerosis means

hardening of a tissue

Troponin detects

heart injury

what is acamprostate used for?

helps maintain abstinence and reduces cravings for alcohol does not help with acute withdraw

who is a CST indicated for? What do we need to induce?

high risk pregnant clients. need to stimulate contractions with oxytocin or nipple stimulations.

the nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with chronic renal failure who has been taking epoetin alfa for 2 months. What should the nurse monitor for pertaining to Epoetin alfa during the client's clinic visit?

htn, hemoptysis, edema

what kind of dressings protect shallow ulcers?

hydrocolloid

what should we do right before suctioning a patient?

hyperoxygenation

infant formulas: alfamino

hypoallergenic formula for kids allergic to cow milk

incentive spirometer after surgery prevents..

hypostatic pneumonia

second degreee heart block type 2 (mobitz)

if some p's dont go thru, mobitz 2

What is glaucoma?

increased intraocular pressure

what explains bronchitis?

infection in the large airways in the lower respiratory tract

What is osteomyelitis? s/sx? tx?

infection of the bone. s/sx include bone pain, fever, swelling tx is antibiotics cuz its an infection

What is peritonitis?

infection of the peritoneum

CRP and ESR test for

inflammation

what is epiglottitis?

inflammation of the epiglottis

What does oseltamivir treat?

influenza

zolpidem is indicated for

insomnia

second degree heart block type 1(Wenckebach's)

is longer longer longer drop, weikenbach

5 Steps for EKG Interpretation

is there a p for every qrs? is PR 0.12-0.20 sec? is QRS less than 0.12? is rate 60-100? is rhythm regular?

what medication is used for acne vulgaris?

isotretinoin

Donepezil use and 1 thing we should notify the health care provider for

its an anti-alzheimer drug or for confusion and we should notify if the client vomits coffee ground material

-penia means

lack or deficiency

what ekg change would we see with hypomagnesemia

lengthened intervals

What do we want our cholesterol to be at?

less than 200

what ekg change would we see with hypocalcemia

long QT

what does supraventricular tachycardia look like and what is the treatment?

looks like steps. Tell pt to bear down/give adenosine

anticoagulants of choice during pregnancy and why?

low molecular weight heparin because it does not cross the placenta.

with kidney issues, should we do high or low protein? what is the exception?

low protein except with nephrotic syndrome

what are neologisms?

made-up words that have meaning only to the person who invents them

your client is experiencing severe, acute anxiety before a scheduled endoscopy procedure. Which of the following medications is most likely to be ordered by the physician?

midazolam for acute anxiety attacks and fast onset

important teaching for after vasectomy?

need to use another type of birth control until your sperm count is zero!

orthodox jewish diet and utensils rules?

no pork no shellfish Don't combine meat and dairy in the same meal Use plastic wrapped utensils and let them unwrap it

the nurse is caring for a client who sustained an electrical burn. The nurse plans to take which priority action?

obtain an electrocardiogram (ECG)

the nurse is taking vital signs on a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. His temperature is 38.7 degrees celcius. What is the nurse's top priority and why?

obtain intravenous access on the patient because iv antibiotics need to be started right away since the temp is high and they are immunocompromised.

ventricular tachycardia

only QRS is present. If pulse, cardioversion. If no pulse, cpr

which anticholinergic is appropriate for a patient diagnosed with urinary bladder urgency and incontinence?

oxybutynin

the nurse is caring for a client experiencing labor dystocia. Which medication does the nurse anticipate from the PHCP?

oxytocin because it stimulates uterine contractions

-plegia means

paralysis

which side effect of chemo should the nurse immediately report to the PHCP?

paresthesia

what ekg change would we see with hyperkalemia

peaked t waves

what lab values should we monitor with enoxaparin?

platelet count

left lateral recumbent might be used for

pregnant client to promote blood flow to the placenta

the nurse understands that a positive home pregnancy test is considered which level of confirmation?

probable sign of pregnancy

what ekg change would we see with hypokalemia

prominent U wave

a client who received IM lorazepam 5min ago is now requesting to void. What should we do?

put them on a bedpan. this med can cause drowsiness

which insulin is commonly loaded into pumps?

rapid acting

infant formulas: gentlease

reduce gas and fussiness

to control symptoms of peptic ulcer disease, what should a client do?

reduce stress

-apheresis means

removal

what supplement, if taken with anticoagulants, would potentiate its effects?

saw palmetto

what does atrial flutter look like

saw tooth

what does atrial fibrilation look like?

saw tooth, but smaller

What is phenytoin used for?

seizures

what ekg change would we see with hypercalcemia

short QT

should we use soap and water or alcohol to wash our hands with c.diff?

soap and water because alcohol isnt effective on c.diff spores

-stasis means

standing still

What does the gallbladder do?

stores bile, which emulsifies fats

Cortisol

stress hormone

-scopy means

study or examination

-stomy means

surgical opening

-ectomy means

surgical removal

a client has recently been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse anticipates which class of pharmacologic agents will likely be a part of the client's treatment regimen?

systemic glucocorticoids

what should a client do the night before a pyelogram?

take a laxative the night before to clean the bowels so that poop doesnt get in the way of the urinary tract pictures they're tryna take

what is important to instruct the patient to do if they are prescribed to take a medication along with sucralfate?

take the other medication before the sucralfate because the sucralfate will make a barrier and make it harder for the other med to absorb

what 3 teachings should the nurse include to a client with peritoneal dialysis?

the bag is lowered to allow the fluid to drain out the fluid that is returned should be clear in appearance a sweet taste may be experienced with peritoneal dialysis

mnemonic for chemical burns

the solution to pollution is dilution

how does long term steroid use cause increased risk for fractures?

the steroids decrease calcium in the bone by sending it to the blood

when do we administer albumin?

thermal burns or third spacing

for a client receiving chemotherapy, what kind of foods should we provide?

they wont wanna eat so we need to give them stuff like milkshakes that have high calories and are easy to consume

What is clozapine used for?

treatment resistant schizophrenia

When is BNP released? What disease can this value hint at? Normal range?

when there is fluid retention. Can hint at CHF. Normal range is less than 100

when does hydramnios occur?

when there is too much amniotic fluid

When does oligohydramnios occur?

when they amount of amniotic fluid is severely reduced.

Isometric vs Isotonic

which the muscle does not change its length vs which the muscle changes its length without increasing tension

What does tort mean

wrong

can clients with the same microorganism be placed in the same room?

yes