Study Week 1/6
Normal BUN levels
10-20 mg/dL
what causes c.diff?
antibiotics
-paresis means
partial paralysis
trendelenburg might be used for what two issues?
uncompressing umbilical cord and hypotensive clients
what is the appropriate order to address high pressure alarm in a mechanical ventilator?
unkink, empty water, turn cough deep breathe, suction pt
Where are malignant lumps most likely to be found on the breasts?
upper outer quadrant
preferred site for IM injection in a young child?
vastus lateralis
What does the QRS complex represent?
ventricular depolarization (contraction)
high osmolarity means
dehydration
why do we give sevelamer
its a phosphate binder to treat hyperphosphatemia associated with chronic kidney disease
high albumin means
kidney disease
what medications slow contractions?
terbutaline and magnesium sulfate
What is the most common cause of epiglottitis?
(Hib) Haemophilus influenza type B
for a transfusion of PRBCs, the nurse should obtain which IV fluid to accompany the transfusion
0.9% saline
how long does it take SSRIs to work?
1-3 weeks
Normal gravity of urine
1.010-1.030
Sodium range
135-145
In kids, the liver is not fully developed until
2 years old
Normal HCO3
22-26
what needle size for neonates?
25g
Potassium range
3.5-5.0
with a fracture bedpan, how high up should a pt sit?
30degrees
Normal CO2 levels
35-45
How long are EKG strips?
6 seconds
Normal pH
7.35-7.45
Glucose range
70-110
What is leukemia?
A cancer of white blood cells/leukocytes.
What is multiple sclerosis?
A disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves.
atrial septal defect
ASD; a hole in the atrial septum that causes blood in the RA and LA to mix
What does accountability mean
Accepting responsibility for your own actions
CO2 is an acid/base? What is CO2 made by?
Acid made by the lungs
-zole meds are
Antifungal
What should we monitor with MAOI's
Avoid foods with tyramine (aged foods) Hypertensive crisis
the nurse is caring for a client with suspected CHF. Which lab test would the nurse expect the PHCP to prescribe to confirm the diagnosis?
BNP because with fluid retention bnp is released.
What is tuberculosis?
Bacterial infection of the lungs
Bicarbonate is an acid/base? What is bicarbonate made by?
Base made by the kidneys
At what age is ibuprofen contraindicated in children? What can we give in the meantime?
Before 6 months old because they have an immature liver. Acetaminophen
Why don't we give tetracycline antibiotics to kids?
Can cause tooth discoloration
What does hemoglobin do?
Carries and delivers oxygen.
What does non-maleficence mean
Do no harm
PTT. Intrinsic/Extrinsic test? What does it do? What is the normal range? What medication is monitored with PTT and what is the expected range for that?
Extrinsic test. Sees how long it takes for blood to clot. 20-30 seconds is the normal range. Heparin is monitored with PTT and the expected range is 1.5-2.5x the normal.
what treats trichotillomania?
FCP fluoxetine, paroxetine, citalopram
What does justice mean
Fairness
What are WBCs? What is the range?
Fight infection. 5-10K is the range.
How do Hindus prefer to wash
Free flowing water
what does cimetidine treat?
H. Pylori
HDL RANGE? LDL RANGE?
HDL 55+ LDL <130
the nurse is caring for a client exhibiting signs of poor muscle coordination, stooped posture, and slow movements. Which medication is most likely to cause these symptoms?
Haloperidol
CPK-MB increase is seen in? What is the normal range?
Heart damage. Normal range is 0%
TSH, T3, T4 in hypothyroidism
High TSH, low T3 and T4
third degree heart block
If Ps and Qs don't agree, then you have Third degree
First degree heart block
If R is far from the P then you have first degree
If a child is less than 2 years old where we administering injections
In the thigh
PT. Intrinsic/Extrinsic test? What does it do? What is the normal range?
Intrinsic test. Sees how long it takes for the blood to clot. 10-12 seconds is the normal range.
Who may refuse blood products
Jehovah's Witness
When is the only time we give aspirin to children
Kawasaki disease
What does fidelity mean
Keeping your promises
ischemia
Lack of blood supply
What kind of diet do Hindus follow
Lacto vegetarian
TSH, T3, T4 in hyperthyroidism
Low TSH, high T3 and T4
Causes of hyponatremia, remember phonetic
MOBS FAIL M-meds O-oral gastric tube suctioning B-burns S-saidh FAIL-failure of organs
Causes of hypernatremia, remember phonetic
MODELS M-medications O-osmotic diuretics D-diabetes insipidus E-excessive H2O loss L-low H2O intake S-sodium intake too high
What does autonomy mean
Making your own decisions
Why don't we give oseltamivir to younger kids?
May cause hallucinations
what three med classes should be avoided with lithium?
NSAIDS, ACE INHIBITORS, AND DIURETICS (NAD)
Halal diet rules
No alcohol and no pork Only meats allowed are religiously slaughtered
Seventh Day Adventist Church rules
No alcohol no caffeine lacto OVO vegetarians no pork
Buspirone is used for
ONLY used for *anxiety!*
Medications to induce contractions?
Oxytocin
the nurse is preparing a client for a renal biopsy. Which lab test are most important to gather prior to this procedure?
PT and aPTT. Youre sticking a needle into them and wanna know how they bleed
EKG changes in hyperkalemia
Peaked T waves
What is hematocrit?
Percentage of RBCs in our body
What are platelets? What is the range?
Platelets plug/clots.
What does desmopressin do?
Prevents dehydration by enhancing water absorption in the kidneys
levels of prevention?
Primary: prevent/promotion Secondary: screen-early detection Tertiary: treatment
Which drugs ripen the cervix?
Prostaglandins (misoprostol/dinoprostone)
Moro reflex
Reflex in which a newborn strectches out the arms and legs and cries in response to a loud noise or an abrupt change in the environment
What kind of clothes do Hindus wear
Sacred thread
What should we monitor with SSRI's
Serotonin syndrome and suicidal precautions for two or three weeks until the drug kicks in
What should we monitor with the TCAs
T for tachycardia C for cardiac A for anticholinergic S for sexual dysfunction slash sedation
Metabolic acidosis: too much/too little HCO3? S/SX?
TOO LITTLE! s/sx include renal disease, diarrhea
Respiratory alkalosis: too much/too little co2? S/SX?
TOO LITTLE! s/sx include hyperventilation, panic attack
Metabolic alkalosis: too much/too little HCO3? S/SX?
TOO MUCH! s/sx include vomiting, antacids
Respiratory acidosis: too much/too little co2? S/SX?
TOO MUCH! s/sx include hypoventilation, COPD, asthma
What does veracity mean
Telling the truth
What kind of clothes do Mormons wear
Temple garments
If a child is older than threewhere are we administering injections
Their arm
What does beneficence mean
To do good
INR. What does it do? What is the normal range? What medication is monitored with INR and what is the expected range for that?
Uses PT to see how well Warfarin is working. Normal range is 0.9-1.2. Warfarin is monitored with INR and the expected range is 2-3
What does the T wave represent?
Ventricular repolarization (ventricular relaxation)
what is cyanocobalamin?
Vitamin B12
What is a nephroblastoma?
Wilms tumor
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
a disorder where there is impaired metabolism of phenylalanine.
infant formulas: enfamil
a standard formula used for infants without diet restrictions. Used to sell this at food lion
the nurse is assessing a patient diagnosed with stage IV nephroblastoma. Which of the following actions is contraindicated in this patient?
abdominal palpation
-stenosis means
abnormal narrowing
with a NST, what is a good sign?
accelerations of 15bpm+ for at least 15seconds 2x
what would the nurse expect to administer to a client who presents to the emergency department with a toxic acetaminophen level?
acetylcysteine
the parent of an 11-year-old receiving chemotherapy for leukemia is concerned because the client's sibling has chickenpox. What action will you anticipate taking next?
administer varicella-zoster immune globulin to the client
pneumothorax
air in the pleural cavity
What is lorazepam used for?
alcohol withdrawal
prednisone increases what? and what is that responsible for?
aldosterone which is responsible for retaining sodium and eliminating potassium
what kind of dressings are used for wounds with significant drainage?
alginates
what is systemic lupus erythematosus? whats a classic sign?
an autoimmune diseasse where antibodies fight the bodies own cells classic sign is red butterfly rash across nose and cheeks
what type of medications should a patient with glaucoma avoid?
anticholinergics
a client recently diagnosed with diabetes is sent home with a prescription for subcutaneous insulin. What information is essential for the nurse to emphasize concerning safe needle disposal?
any hard plastic container with a screw-on cap can be used
the nurse recognizes that the most serious form of bone marrow toxicity is:
aplastic anemia
to a client receiving vasopressors, what would the PHCP order and why?
arterial line for continuous BP monitoring
which OTC medication is Reye;'s syndrome associated with?
aspirin
for AAA, what med and why?
atenolol to reduce the size of the aneurism
What does the P wave represent?
atrial depolarization (contraction)
what do we give for sinus bradycardia?
atropine
With pernicious anemia, what will the client have to receive?
b12 for life
what counteracts EPS seen in haloperidol?
benztropine mesylate.
what medication group does the nurse expect will help decrease tremors in a client with hypothyroidism?
beta blockers cuz they block adrenaline which would make us shake
What does lithium treat?
bipolar disorder
what does divalproex treat? what lab should we monitor with this drug?
bipolar disorder. monitor ALT because it will increase in liver damage as a side effect of this drug
When do we give fresh frozen plasma?
blood loss related to warfarin or DIC
how to treat epidural headache?
blood patch
the patient with testicular cancer is receiving IV cisplatin. What should the nurse assess for?
bone marrow suppression because this medication causes this.
in infants, what artery is the right site to check for a pulse?
brachial
to ensure that phenytoin does not fail, which OTC medication should the PT not take at the same time?
calcium carbonate
-sarcoma means
cancer originating in the body's connective tissue cells
-carcinoma means
cancer originating in the skin or tissue cells of internal organs
HPV vaccine will prevent which cancer?
cervical
fastest way to get acetylsalicylic acid absorbed?
chew before swallowing
which of the following is the likely contributing factor of an elevated red blood cell count in a patient with a history of chronic bronchitis?
chronic hypoxia because when the body senses poor oxygen levels, the kidney releases EPO to stimulate RBC production to ensure that there is the maximum amount of HGB to carry any oxygen it can
post thyroidectomy, the nurse monitors the client for which 3 complications?
chvostek's sign in case parathyroid was removed accidentally swallowing reflex neck dressings
D-Dimer detects what
clots
clinical feature of hypoglycemia?
cold sweats
what precautions for c.diff?
contact
aystole
cpr
what findings would indicate the client has compartment syndrome?
cutting off circulation, not relieved by pain medicine
the nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with pernicious anemia. The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which medication?
cyanocobalamin
what two foods are orthodox jewish people not permitted to have in one meal?
dairy products and meat
what does hydroxychloroquine sulfate do? what should we instruct pts on this med to do?
decreases swelling and joint pain. see eye doctor at least once a year because retinopathy is a side effect sometimes.
high specific gravity means
dehydration
cognitive psychotherapy
depression, anxiety, or eating disorders
vfib
dfib
positive glucose and ketones in the urine is indicative of...
diabetes
what does the water deprivation test diagnose?
diagnoses diabetes insipidus
low osmolarity means
dilute urine
low specific gravity means
dilute urine
the nurse cares for a client diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease. The nurse anticipates the PHCP to prescribe which medication?
doxycycline
what medication treats lyme disease?
doxycycline
prone position may be used for...
draining secretions
What is a risk factor in young girls for developing breast cancer?
early menarche
what medication is indicated for VTE
enoxaparin
what is phenytoin used for?
epilepsy
which client medication is most commonly associated with GI upset and constipation?
ferrous sulfate
what is the antidote for lorazepam toxicity?
flumazenil
psychoanalysis
focuses on past and current issues
what are some important prescription writing errors we should know?
for big numbers, use commas. Never have a trailing zero for a whole number
cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy
for people with personality disorder who are at risk for injury to themselves and others
behavioral psychotherapy
for phobias
infant formulas: lofenalac
formula for PKU that is low in phenylalanine
right lateral recumbent might be used for
gastric emptying
What can phenytoin cause?
gingival hyperplasia
What is timolol used for? how does it work?
glaucoma. works by decreasing aqueous humor formation; therefore decreasing IOP
-plasia means
growth, development
what is trichotillomania
hair pulling disorder
-sclerosis means
hardening of a tissue
Troponin detects
heart injury
what is acamprostate used for?
helps maintain abstinence and reduces cravings for alcohol does not help with acute withdraw
who is a CST indicated for? What do we need to induce?
high risk pregnant clients. need to stimulate contractions with oxytocin or nipple stimulations.
the nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with chronic renal failure who has been taking epoetin alfa for 2 months. What should the nurse monitor for pertaining to Epoetin alfa during the client's clinic visit?
htn, hemoptysis, edema
what kind of dressings protect shallow ulcers?
hydrocolloid
what should we do right before suctioning a patient?
hyperoxygenation
infant formulas: alfamino
hypoallergenic formula for kids allergic to cow milk
incentive spirometer after surgery prevents..
hypostatic pneumonia
second degreee heart block type 2 (mobitz)
if some p's dont go thru, mobitz 2
What is glaucoma?
increased intraocular pressure
what explains bronchitis?
infection in the large airways in the lower respiratory tract
What is osteomyelitis? s/sx? tx?
infection of the bone. s/sx include bone pain, fever, swelling tx is antibiotics cuz its an infection
What is peritonitis?
infection of the peritoneum
CRP and ESR test for
inflammation
what is epiglottitis?
inflammation of the epiglottis
What does oseltamivir treat?
influenza
zolpidem is indicated for
insomnia
second degree heart block type 1(Wenckebach's)
is longer longer longer drop, weikenbach
5 Steps for EKG Interpretation
is there a p for every qrs? is PR 0.12-0.20 sec? is QRS less than 0.12? is rate 60-100? is rhythm regular?
what medication is used for acne vulgaris?
isotretinoin
Donepezil use and 1 thing we should notify the health care provider for
its an anti-alzheimer drug or for confusion and we should notify if the client vomits coffee ground material
-penia means
lack or deficiency
what ekg change would we see with hypomagnesemia
lengthened intervals
What do we want our cholesterol to be at?
less than 200
what ekg change would we see with hypocalcemia
long QT
what does supraventricular tachycardia look like and what is the treatment?
looks like steps. Tell pt to bear down/give adenosine
anticoagulants of choice during pregnancy and why?
low molecular weight heparin because it does not cross the placenta.
with kidney issues, should we do high or low protein? what is the exception?
low protein except with nephrotic syndrome
what are neologisms?
made-up words that have meaning only to the person who invents them
your client is experiencing severe, acute anxiety before a scheduled endoscopy procedure. Which of the following medications is most likely to be ordered by the physician?
midazolam for acute anxiety attacks and fast onset
important teaching for after vasectomy?
need to use another type of birth control until your sperm count is zero!
orthodox jewish diet and utensils rules?
no pork no shellfish Don't combine meat and dairy in the same meal Use plastic wrapped utensils and let them unwrap it
the nurse is caring for a client who sustained an electrical burn. The nurse plans to take which priority action?
obtain an electrocardiogram (ECG)
the nurse is taking vital signs on a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. His temperature is 38.7 degrees celcius. What is the nurse's top priority and why?
obtain intravenous access on the patient because iv antibiotics need to be started right away since the temp is high and they are immunocompromised.
ventricular tachycardia
only QRS is present. If pulse, cardioversion. If no pulse, cpr
which anticholinergic is appropriate for a patient diagnosed with urinary bladder urgency and incontinence?
oxybutynin
the nurse is caring for a client experiencing labor dystocia. Which medication does the nurse anticipate from the PHCP?
oxytocin because it stimulates uterine contractions
-plegia means
paralysis
which side effect of chemo should the nurse immediately report to the PHCP?
paresthesia
what ekg change would we see with hyperkalemia
peaked t waves
what lab values should we monitor with enoxaparin?
platelet count
left lateral recumbent might be used for
pregnant client to promote blood flow to the placenta
the nurse understands that a positive home pregnancy test is considered which level of confirmation?
probable sign of pregnancy
what ekg change would we see with hypokalemia
prominent U wave
a client who received IM lorazepam 5min ago is now requesting to void. What should we do?
put them on a bedpan. this med can cause drowsiness
which insulin is commonly loaded into pumps?
rapid acting
infant formulas: gentlease
reduce gas and fussiness
to control symptoms of peptic ulcer disease, what should a client do?
reduce stress
-apheresis means
removal
what supplement, if taken with anticoagulants, would potentiate its effects?
saw palmetto
what does atrial flutter look like
saw tooth
what does atrial fibrilation look like?
saw tooth, but smaller
What is phenytoin used for?
seizures
what ekg change would we see with hypercalcemia
short QT
should we use soap and water or alcohol to wash our hands with c.diff?
soap and water because alcohol isnt effective on c.diff spores
-stasis means
standing still
What does the gallbladder do?
stores bile, which emulsifies fats
Cortisol
stress hormone
-scopy means
study or examination
-stomy means
surgical opening
-ectomy means
surgical removal
a client has recently been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse anticipates which class of pharmacologic agents will likely be a part of the client's treatment regimen?
systemic glucocorticoids
what should a client do the night before a pyelogram?
take a laxative the night before to clean the bowels so that poop doesnt get in the way of the urinary tract pictures they're tryna take
what is important to instruct the patient to do if they are prescribed to take a medication along with sucralfate?
take the other medication before the sucralfate because the sucralfate will make a barrier and make it harder for the other med to absorb
what 3 teachings should the nurse include to a client with peritoneal dialysis?
the bag is lowered to allow the fluid to drain out the fluid that is returned should be clear in appearance a sweet taste may be experienced with peritoneal dialysis
mnemonic for chemical burns
the solution to pollution is dilution
how does long term steroid use cause increased risk for fractures?
the steroids decrease calcium in the bone by sending it to the blood
when do we administer albumin?
thermal burns or third spacing
for a client receiving chemotherapy, what kind of foods should we provide?
they wont wanna eat so we need to give them stuff like milkshakes that have high calories and are easy to consume
What is clozapine used for?
treatment resistant schizophrenia
When is BNP released? What disease can this value hint at? Normal range?
when there is fluid retention. Can hint at CHF. Normal range is less than 100
when does hydramnios occur?
when there is too much amniotic fluid
When does oligohydramnios occur?
when they amount of amniotic fluid is severely reduced.
Isometric vs Isotonic
which the muscle does not change its length vs which the muscle changes its length without increasing tension
What does tort mean
wrong
can clients with the same microorganism be placed in the same room?
yes