BIO104: Unit 2 (v2)

Which function is NOT shared by both the root system and the shoot system of a plant? A. absorb water B. transport water C. transport inorganic nutrients D. transport organic nutrients

A. absorb water

Which of these plant tissue types is composed of hollow nonliving tracheids and vessel elements that transport water from the roots to the leaves? A. xylem B. phloem C. collenchyma D. sclerenchyma E. parenchyma

A. xylem

Charophytes and plants both share which of these characteristics? apical cells that allow for growth in length. chitinous cell walls that provide support. plasmodermata as a means of communication between adjacent cells. a placenta that transmits nutrients to the zygote. all but b all but d

All but b

Among adaptations of plants to a terrestrial environment are all of the following adaptations EXCEPT:

All right

Evolution of plants was marked by which of the following events? nourishment of a multicellular embryo within the body of the female plant the development of vascular tissues to conduct water and solutes throughout the body of the plant seed production flowers produced All of the choices are correct.

All`

The Greek root words meaning "middle" and "leaf" are the basis for the term A. palisade. B. mesophyll. C. cambium. D. phloem. E. rhizome.

B. mesophyll.

Which of these vascular tissue cells is alive but lacks a nucleus? A. tracheid B. sieve-tube cell C. vessel element D. companion cell

B. sieve-tube cell

are used as fuel, studied for genetic engineering in plants, help control moisture levels in soil and add to the overall lush beauty of the rain forests lycophytes pteridophytes bryophytes none

Bryophytes

Which of the following is not a characteristic of bryophytes? Bryophytes do not have true vascular tissue. Bryophytes can grow quite tall because they are always located near water. Bryophytes do show alternation of generations. Bryophytes have flagellated sperm produced in the antheridia.

Bryophytes can grow quite tall because they are always located near water.

This layer serves as a "border guard" to control the amount of water entering the root. epidermis endodermis pericycle Casparian strip

Casparian strip

Which is an INCORRECT association of soil particles and characteristics? Sand-largest size, cannot hold water. Clay-medium size, Intermediate properties. Loam-medium size, retains water and nutrients and allows drainage. Silt-medium size, Intermediate properties.

Clay-medium size, Intermediate properties.

Which type of root is important in dicot food storage in plants such as carrots and radishes? A. adventitious root B. prop root C. fibrous root D. taproot

D. taproot

You need to identify a plant, but it is winter and the leaves have fallen to the ground mixed with others, and the parts of flowers, fruits, and seed leaves of germinating seeds are not available either. Your best clue to whether it is a monocot or a dicot is to: A. inspect the stem for woody bark (only dicots have woody tissue). B. determine if there are parallel xylem tubes in the stem (if so, it is a monocot). C. determine if the roots lack phloem and xylem (if so, it is a monocot). D. cut the stem (if the vascular bundles are in a distinct ring, it is a monocot). E. cut the stem (if the vascular bundles are scattered in the stem, it is a monocot).

E. cut the stem (if the vascular bundles are scattered in the stem, it is a monocot).

Which two of the following foods are by definition stems? A. potato B. celery C. onion D. carrots E. potato and onions are stems

E. potato and onions are stems

What is the process called when the gametes fuse to become the zygote in a plants life cycle?

Fertilization

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the germinated pollen grain? Germination occurs on the surface of the stigma. The pollen tube forms between cells of the style. The pollen tube nucleus generates the pollen tube. There are two sperm nuclei that move down the pollen tube to the micropyle. Fertilization occurs when the pollen grain germinates.

Fertilization occurs when the pollen grain germinates.

Which statement is NOT true about stomates? As guard cells become turgid, the stomates open. There are two guard cells around each stomate. Guard cells take up potassium ions and water enters the guard cells. Guard cells surrounding stomates lack chloroplasts that other epidermal cells contain. Stomates open and close on a daily basis, even if kept in the dark, on a circadian rhythm.

Guard cells surrounding stomates lack chloroplasts that other epidermal cells contain.

Which group of terrestrial plants were dominant before angiosperms became the dominant group? bryophytes seedless vascular plants gymnosperms mosses

Gymnosperms

Which statement is NOT correct about a circadian rhythm? These rhythms tend to persist even in the absence of daily light cues. An example is the opening of stomates in the morning and their closing at night. If plants are maintained in total darkness or total light, their circadian rhythm acts on a faster time scale. The primary usefulness of circadian rhythms seems to be to measure day-length changes so plants respond appropriately to seasonal environmental changes.

If plants are maintained in total darkness or total light, their circadian rhythm acts on a faster time scale.

A leafy plant with no true roots, no stem, and rhizoids that grow into the soil from the leaf-like structure rose liverwort conifer ginkgo fern

Liverwart

are known as club mosses; have stems, roots and leaves pteridophytes bryophytes lycophytes none

Lycophytes

Broad leaves with several strands of vascular tissue are known as sporophylls megaphylls microphylls strobili

Megaphyllis

Which is matched incorrectly? conifer / pines ginkgoes / ginkgoes cycads / sago palms gnetophytes / ephedra none

None

Horsetails, whisk ferns and ferns are members of the phylum Bryophytes Lycophytes Pteridophytes None of these

Pteridophytes

Which statement is NOT true about the life cycle of flowering plants? The sporophyte is diploid. The sporophyte produces heterospores. The female gametophyte is the seed. The male gametophyte is the pollen grain. The female gametophyte is retained within the body of the sporophyte parent generat

The female gametophyte is the seed.

Which occasion would not celebrate gymnosperms? buying a Christmas tree lumberjack competition papermill receiving a shipment to complete an order Valentines day presents

Valentines day presents

WRONG Which statement is NOT true about water uptake in a plant root? Water enters the root by osmosis from the soil. Water enters the cytoplasm of the root hairs by active transport. Water travels by diffusion through the cell walls of the epidermis and cortex. Water must enter the cytoplasm of the endodermal cells to get past the Casparian strip.

Water must enter the cytoplasm of the endodermal cells to get past the Casparian strip.

In plants, the sporophyte generation is 2n 1n diploid haploid a and c b and d

a and c

Stamens are the male portion of the flower. are the female portion of the flower. include the anther and filaments. includes the stigma, style and ovary. both a & c both b & d

a and c

Girdling is a process by which plants carry water upward. plants carry nutrients upward. plants carry nutrients downward. a tree is killed by interrupting the passage of phloem sap. a tree is killed by interrupting the passage of xylem sap.

a tree is killed by interrupting the passage of phloem sap.

Dormancy in seeds and buds can be broken by application of which plant hormone? abscisic acid auxin cytokinin ethylene gibberellin

abscisic acid

Which of these plant hormones is a growth inhibitor? abscisic acid auxin cytokinin gibberellin

absisic acid

Most minerals move into the xylem of the root's vascular cylinder from the endoderm by active transport. osmosis. movement against a concentration gradient. movement down a concentration gradient.

active transport

Gravitropism in roots is positive when plant roots grow downward. is due to statliths in the root cap cells. is due to auxins. All of the choices are true.

all

Plant roots function: A. anchor the plant. B. store the products of photosynthesis .C. produce hormones that stimulate stem growth. D. All of the choices are plant root functions.

all

Seeds require _____________ for germination to occur. oxygen for increased metabolism adequate temperature adequate water All of the choices are required.

all

Which of the following pertain to movement of plants? seismonastic movements sleep movements phototropism gravitropism all of the choices are correct

all

Which plant hormone, developing in an apical bud, inhibits the growth of lower axillary buds? abscisic acid auxin cytokinin ethylene gibberellin

auxin

Pinching the top off a plant to create fuller growth involves which of the following hormones? auxins ethylene gibberellins cytokinins

auxins

which of the following is not true about charophyte and land plants? both contain chlorophyll a and b as well as accessory pigments both have cellulose in their cell walls both store excess carbs as a starch both contain chitin all

both contain chitin

Which of the following is NOT necessary for mineral uptake by plant roots? root nodules cuticle root hairs active transport

cuticle

Application of which hormone prevents plant tissues from senescing, or aging? abscisic acid auxin cytokinin ethylene gibberellin

cytokin

________ refers to the passive movement of water from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Diffusion Osmosis Water potential Turger pressure

diffusion

Which of the following evolutionary innovations would have come first for plants? double fertilization embryo protection seeds vascular tissue apical growth

embryo protection

Water and minerals enter the root of a plant via the following pathway. epidermis, cortex, Casparian strip, endodermis, pericycle, xylem cuticle, epidermis, cortex, endodermis, Casparian strip, pericycle, xylem, phloem epidermis, cortex, endodermis, Casparian strip, pericycle, xylem, phloem epidermis, cortex, endodermis, Casparian strip, pericycle, xylem

epidermis, cortex, endodermis, Casparian strip, pericycle, xylem

Which plant hormone is a gas? abscisic acid auxin cytokinin ethylene gibberellin

ethylene

Which plant hormone stimulates the ripening of fruit and inhibits plant growth? abscisic acid auxin cytokinin ethylene gibberellin

ethylene

The outermost skin of the pericarp is called the endocarp mesocarp exocarp none of these

exocarp

Which of the following would not a characteristic of a monocot?

flowers in fours or fives

The cortex found in the center of a dicot stem or a monocot root is made of what type of tissue? A. ground tissue B. epithelial tissue C. vascular tissue D. dermal tissue

ground tissue

Which of the following tissues makes up the majority of the interior of the plant?epidermal tissue ground tissue meristem vascular tissue

ground tissue

Which organism aquires its nutrients by tapping into the xylem and phloem of its host plant? Venus fly trap root nodules mycorrhizae haustoria

haustoria

A microspore develops into

male gametophyte

Which of the following is not one of the six forms of stimuli that produce a response in plants? light carbon dioxide levels methane levels pathogen infections touch drought all of these produce a response

methane levels

The name monocot and dicot are derived from the differences in the formation of: roots seed leaves seeds none of the choices is correct

none

Bryophytes are also known as nonvascular plants vascular plants vascular seedless plants vascular seed plants

nonvascular plants

The swamp forest of the Carboniferous period were dominated by nonvascular plants and angiosperms. nonvascular plants and early gymnosperms. nonvascular plants and ferns. both types of vascular plants.

nonvascular plants and early gymnosperms

All of the following are plant female reproductive structures but one. Which one is not a female structure but a male reproductive structure? archegonia megaspore pollen cone pistil

pollen cone

Which of the following is not a form of asexual reproduction in plants? roots stem cuttings stolons rhizomes

roots

In the plants life cycle, which of the following is not haploid gametes gametophytes spores sporangium

sporangium

The site of formation of pollen grains is in the pistil. sepal. receptacle. petal. stamen.

stamen

The seed contains all of the following EXCEPT an embryo sporophyte. sufficient water for germination. stored food. integuments.

sufficient water for germination.

Which force is the central causative agent of the cohesion-tension model of xylem transport? water stress atmospheric pressure root pressure guttation transpiration

transpiration

the endosperm of an angiosperm seed is

triploid

Among adaptations of plants to a terrestrial environment are all of the following adaptations EXCEPT a dominant sporophyte with vascular tissue. a cuticle to prevent water loss from exposed parts of the plant. stomata to regulate gas exchange with the atmosphere. All of the choices are adaptations.

All

Evidence for plants evolution from a freshwater algal species is supported by which of the following? both Chlorophyta and Plantae have chlorophylls a and b and various accessory pigments store excess carbohydrates as starch and have cellulosic cell walls genetic evaluation of ribosomal RNA in plants and Chlorophyta suggests that a group of green algae called stoneworts are most closely related to plants All of the choices are evidence.

All

Mosses: can be found from the Antartic to the tropics. produce peat that can be used as fuel. may be indicators of copper deposits. All of the choices are true regarding mosses.

All

Soil consists of a mixture of soil particles of different sizes. both living organisms and decaying organic material. air. water. All of these are components that define soil.

All

Which of the following is not an essential macronutrient nor micronutrient needed by plants? potassium nitrogen iron oxygen all of these are needed

All

How does auxin actually work? In the presence of blue light, it triggers additional photosynthesis and growth. In the presence of light, it increases the turgor pressure of the cell and accelerates growth. In the presence of light, it increases the formation of hydrolytic enzymes that release energy needed for growth purposes. In the presence of light, it moves toward the light source and activates a protein that binds to DNA and starts enzyme production. In the presence of unidirectional light, it moves to the shady side and activates an ATP-driven proton pump that results in weakened cell walls and eventual elongation.

In the presence of unidirectional light, it moves to the shady side and activates an ATP-driven proton pump that results in weakened cell walls and eventual elongation.

WRONG Which of the following is not true about plants? Plants are thought to have evolved from saltwater green algae. Most plants have an alteration of generation. Plants are multicellular with specialized tissues. Plants are autrotrophic. All of these are correct.

Plants are multicellular with specialized tissues.

Which organism converts atmospheric nitrogen into a useable form for plants? root nodules Rhizobium bacteria haustoria venus fly trap

Rhizobium bacteria

Which of the following plant symbiotic relationships is incorrectly paired? Rhizobium bacterium : fix atmospheric oxygen Mycorrhizal fungus : increase surface area of roots Haustoria : tap the xylem and phloem of host plant Venus fly trap : obtain nitrogen and minerals from insects None of these are incorrectly paired.

Rhizobium bacterium : fix atmospheric oxygen

Which mechanism is NOT as likely to disperse seeds at a great distance from the parent plant? Coconuts are carried by ocean currents. Squirrels bury seeds and nuts for future use. Seeds are dispersed as projectiles from the parent plant. Gravity pulling the seed. Seeds eaten with fruit by animals are dropped with the animals' feces.

Seeds are dispersed as projectiles from the parent plant.

Which of these statements is NOT true about fertilization in a fern plant? An egg is produced in an archegonium. A sperm is produced in an antheridium. The sperm is carried by the wind to the egg. The eggs and sperm are produced on the same plant. Eggs and sperm are produced by the gametophyte generation.

The sperm is carried by the wind to the egg.

Which statement is NOT true about the pressure-flow model of phloem transport? Water is actively transported into phloem. Phloem sap moves at a rate of 60 to 300 cm per hour. Pressure is created in the phloem by the buildup of water and sugar. Sugar produced by photosynthesis is actively transported into phloem cells. Sugar is actively transported out of the phloem at a sink area such as the root.

Water is actively transported into phloem.

Which plant hormone is associated with the closure of the stomates in a plant under water stress? abscisic acid auxin cytokinin ethylene gibberellin

abscisic acid

Which plant hormone is called the stress hormone because it produces dormancy in seeds and buds? abscisic acid auxin cytokinin ethylene gibberellin

abscisic acid

Cytokinins are plant hormones that promote cell division. are used in combination with auxin to produce plants from undifferentiated callose tissue. also work with oligosaccharins to effect tissue differentiation. All of these are true regarding cytokinins.

all

Ferns are used by florists to augment bouqets for wood in the case of tropical tree ferns-the wood resists decay as an astringent and maidenhair fern is the source of an expectorant all

all

If you were making a flower bed in your yard, which of the following would be helpful to mix with the soil in order to grow healthy plants?earthworms and bacteria decaying material like old leaves sand all of the choices would be helpful

all

Leaves often are specialized to A. carry on photosynthesis. B. protect buds. C. store food. D. capture insects .E. All of the choices are specializations of leaves.

all

Transpiration rate in plants is increased by wind. elevated temperature. increased sunlight intensity. All of the choices increase the rate of transpiration.

all

What flower mechanisms help prevent pollination by a foreign species? A pollen tube grows in the style of its own species. The stigma is sticky mainly to its own species of pollen. The timing of flowering keeps pollinators moving among a limited number of species. Flowers attract a small number of specialized pollinators, and therefore pollen is not spread equally to all available species of flowers. All of the choices would be reproductively isolating.

all

Which of the following is/are an effect(s) of auxin? Applied to a woody cutting, it causes roots to develop. Auxin production by seeds promotes the growth of fruit. Trees sprayed with auxin will keep mature fruit from falling to the ground. Under the effect of gravity, auxin moves to the lower surface of roots and stems, causing roots to curve downward and stems to curve upward. All of the choices are effects of auxin

all

Which of the following is/are true regarding gibberillins? there are about 70 chemically different gibberellins are growth promoters causing cell elongation these hormones can break seed and bud dormancy all of the choices are true

all

Red flowers, with a slender floral tube and copious nectar and little odor are most often pollinated by moths. butterflies. birds and bats. All of the choices apply.

birds and bats

WRONG The opening and closing of stomata is related to all of the following EXCEPT potassium ion concentrations within guard cells. blue light of sun light absorbed by flavin pigment causes them to open. circadian rhythms. carbon dioxide concentrations within the leaf.

blue light of sun light absorbed by flavin pigment causes them to open.

Filaments, anthers, pollen are all associated with stamen male reproductive parts of an angiosperm carpel both a & b

both a & b

Mosses are only found in wet areas because they do not have vascular tissue. they must have water for their sperm to swim to the egg. sunlight is too much for them. both b & c both a & b

both a & b

Which of the following is not an advantage to a plant's terrestrial life? There is more sunlight available for photosynthesis. There is more oxygen available for photosynthesis. There is more carbon dioxide available for photosynthesis. Air helps "hold up" the plant better than water. Both b & d. Both c & d.

both b & d

Which of the following is not one of the nine macronutrients essential for plants? copper phosphorus carbon calcium

copper

hormone that causes cell division and is found in coconut milk or in dividing root tissue is abscisic acid. auxin. cytokinin. ethylene. gibberellin.

cytokinin

When considering angiosperms, which evolutionary significant event is not considered as important as the others? devel of seeds devel of flowers (wrong)devel of fruit (wrong) devel of endosperm

development of seeds (maybe)

Which plant hormone was discovered in infected rice seedlings that grew extremely tall and slender? abscisic acid auxin cytokinin ethylene gibberellin

gibberellin

WRONG Which of the following terms indicates that a particular type of plant would exist as separate male and female plants? dioecious monoecious heterosporous homosporous both homosporous and dioecious

heterosporous

Which of the following is NOT from a division within the gymnosperm group? horsetail cycad conifer gnetophyte ginkgo

horsetail

The idea that plants will grow even if soil is absent as long as the nutrients needed by the plant are present is known as essential macronutrients essential micronutrients hydroponics hyperponics

hydroponics

Which of the following is not one of the seven micronutrients needed for plants? chlorine iron magnesium manganese zinc

magnesium

The microspore develops into a megasporocyte. female gametophyte. microsporocyte. male gametophyte. zygote.

male gametophyte.

Broad leaves with several strands of vascular tissue are known as sporophylls. megaphylls. microphylls. strobili.

megaphylls

What is the process called when the sporangium becomes the spore? mitosis meiosis fertilization pollination

meiosis

Plant hormones are generally produced in _______ tissues. cortical (cortex) epidermal meristem vascular floral

meristem

The Greek root words meaning "one" and "home" are the basis for the term megagametophyte. microspore. monofilament. dioecious. monoecious.

monoecious

Which of these is most likely to be produced by the plant in usable amounts for animals? minerals water oxygen carbon dioxide

oxygen

________ attract pollinators. Petals Sepals Stamen Carpels

petals

Vascular tissue that transports organic nutrients from the leaves to the roots is A. xylem. B. phloem. C. cambium. D. meristem.

phloem

Which of these plant tissue types is composed of sieve-tube cells and companion cells, and transports organic nutrients made in the leaves? A. xylem B. phloem C. collenchyma D. sclerenchyma E. parenchyma

phloem

Which of the following is NOT an aggregate fruit? pineapple strawberry blackberry raspberry

pineapple

Sieve tube members are connected by plasmodesmata. tight junctions. companion cells. tracheids.

plasmodesmata.

Which of these stimuli causes roots to grow downward? negative gravitropism positive gravitropism thigmotropism negative phototropism positive phototropism

positive grav

Which of these external stimuli produces a growth of the plant toward light? negative gravitropism positive gravitropism thigmotropism negative phototropism positive phototropism

positive phototropism

The function of endosperm is to form the seedling. develop into the fruit. provide water to the embryo. provide nutrients to the embryo. provide a protective coating for the embryo.

provide nutrients to the embryo.

The short stem tip to which a flower is attached is called a pistil. sepal. receptacle. petal. stamen.

receptacle maybe

If you cut a herbaceous stem and observe fluids continually seeping upward and out of the cut, it is most likely to be due to root pressure. turgor pressure. active transport by phloem. tension caused by transpiration. cohesion to the xylem walls.

root pressure

A sporophyte embryo and stored food surrounded by a coating that prevents desiccation is known as a ____. seed flower ovary anther

seed

The ____ protects the bud of the flower. petal sepals stamen carpel

sepals

Ferns must be located near water because

sperm are flagellated and must have water to reach the egg.

Which force is responsible for moving water up to the tops of the tallest trees? water stress atmospheric pressure root pressure guttation transpiration

transpiration

Which of the following tissues transports water and nutrients within the plant? epidermal tissue ground tissue meristem vascular tissue

vascular

Among the adaptations of plants to life on land are all of the following EXCEPT protection of the embryo from drying out. waxy cuticle on leaves to prevent drying out. waxy cuticle on roots to prevent drying out. vascular system (in most plants) to move water internally.

waxy cuticle on roots to prevent drying out.

A flower pollinated by a nocturnal moth is likely to have white flowers, no landing area, strong sweet perfume. white flowers with short tubes, a wide landing area, no odor. blue or yellow flowers, a wide landing area, not very much odor. blue or yellow flowers, a wide landing area, no odor. red flowers that open in daytime, a wide landing area, odor resembling dead meat.

white flowers, no landing area, strong sweet perfume.

We are very familiar with two things found in large woody plants, wood and bark. The wood is essentially made of ________ and the bark is essentially made of_________ .A. xylem; phloem B. vascular tissue; epidermal tissue C. the cortex; the epidermis D. pith; cork

xylem and phloem