Bio157

Name? 1. Red arrows? 2. Yellow arrows?

Fibro-cartilage 1. Chondrocyte nuclei 2. Collagen fibers (small pink dots)

Name?

Firbo-cartilage The blue-green lines are the fibroblast-cartilage

The embryonic tissue from which all adult connective tissues are derived is called:

Mesenchyme

Muscle Tissue

The only contractile tissue. Generates heat during contraction. Three types; differ in structure and function: 1. Skeletal 2. Cardiac 3. Smooth

The black, branching fibers in this tissue can be found in:

the liver and spleen

1. Name of tissue? 2. Name of the region circled? 3. In life, what is found in this region?

1. Bone (connective tissue) 2. Central Canal 3. Blood and lymph vessels; Nerves

Connective Tissue Proper (loose vs. dense)

1. Loose -Areolar -Adipose (fat tissue) -Reticular 2. Dense -Regular -Irregular -Elastic

Connective Tissue Types

1. Loose 2. Dense 3. Cartilage 4. Bone 5. Blood

1. What is this image? 2. What is the left arrow pointing to? 3. What is the right arrow pointing to?

1. Loose Connective Tissue Proper (also called areolar CT) 2. Collagenous fiber 3. An elastic fiber

1. What is this a picture of? 2. What is the red circle?

1. Surface view of frog skin 2. A region where the thin nature of this tissue is evident

1. Blue arrows? 2. Yellow arrows?

1. White blood cells 2. Red blood cells

Glandular Epithelium

A gland is group of cells or a single cell that secrete a specific product

Name? 1. Blue arrow? 2. Red arrows?

Adipose (CT Proper) 1. Blood vessel 2. Adipocytes (many are visible in this image)

Name? 1. Blue arrow? 2. Yellow arrow? 3. Green box? 4. Red arrows?

Adipose (CT Proper) 1. Capillary 2. Adipocyte Nucleus 3. Vacuole filled with triglycerides 4. Adipocytes

Name? 1. Blue arrows? 2. Red arrows?

Adipose (CT Proper) 1. Matrix 2. Adipocytes

The thin, branching, black lines in this tissue:

Allow the tissue to recoil back to its resting position when stretched

The side of an epithelial cell nearest the cavity or space they are lining is called the ____ side.

Apical

Which of the following is not one of the four major categories of tissues?

Blood

Name? 1. Green arrows? 2. Blue arrows? 3. Red arrows?

Blood (CT) 1. White blood cells 2. Platelets 3. Red blood cells

Name? 1. Red arrows? 2. Blue arrows? 3. Green arrows? 4. Yellow arrows?

Bone (CT) 1. Canaliculi 2. Osteons 3. Lacunae 4. Central canals

Name? 1. Blue arrow? 2. Green arrows? 3. Yellow arrows? 4. Red arrow?

Bone (CT) 1. Osteon 2. Lacunae (would contain osteocytes) 3. Canaliculi 4. Central canal

Name? 1. Blue arrows?

Brown Adipose (CT Proper) 1. Adipocytes This image shows a specialized type of adipose called brown fat that is prevalent in newborn humans and also other animals that hibernate. There is a special protein in this tissue that releases heat instead of ATP, to provide animals extra warmth.

Goblet cells

Cells that produce and secrete mucous into the lumen of a cavity

The large hole in an osteon through which blood vessels and nerves travel is a(n) _____ and the small osteocytes are in small holes called _____.

Central canal; lacunae

Connective Tissue

Connect other tissues; support/structure Typically highly vascular Cells are surrounded by matrix

Name? 1. Blue arrows?

Dense, Irregular CT Proper 1. Collagen Fibers

Name? 1. Green arrows? 2. Blue arrows?

Dense, Regular CT Proper 1. Collagen Fibers 2. Fibroblast nuclei

Name? 1. Blue arrow? 2. Green arrows?

Dense, Regular CT Proper 1. Fibroblast nuclei 2. Collagen fibers

Name? 1. Blue arrows?

Dense, Regular CT Proper This image reinforces the densely packed nature of the pink collagen 1. Fibroblast Nuclei

Name? 1. Yellow arrows?

Elastic CT Proper 1. Elastic Fibers (the wavy structures between the other fibers. They allow the tissue to stretch and recoil)

Name?

Elastic cartilage

Name? 1. Red arrow? 2. Yellow arrow?

Elastic cartilage 1. Chondrocytes 2. Elastic fibers

Name? 1. Red arrows? 2. Blue arrows?

Elastic cartilage 1. Chondrocytes 2. Elastic fibers

Name?

Embryonic CT: Mesenchyme

Name? 1. Red arrows?

Embryonic CT: Mesenchyme 1. Nuclei of cells that will eventually differentiate into mature cells.

Name? 1. Blue arrows? 2. Red arrows?

Hyaline Cartilage 1. Chondrocytes in lacunae 2. Region of mature cartilage

Name? 1. Yellow arrows? 2. Red arrows? 3. Green arrows?

Hyaline Cartilage 1. Chondrocytes that have recently divided 2. Chondrocytes 3. "Empty" lacunae

Name? 1. Blue arrow? 2. Red arrows?

Hyaline Cartilage 1. Chondrocytes that have recently divided 2. Region of mature cartilage (Immature cartilage is found at the lower border of this image)

Name? 1. Red arrows? 2. Blue box?

Hyaline Cartilage in the Trachea 1. Region of mature cartilage 2. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Microvilli

In cells that are specialized for absorption, the plasma membrane is often folded into very tiny finger-like projections to maximize surface area and the cell's ability to transport.

Which of the following is NOT true about hyaline cartilage?

It contains mature chondroblasts in lacunae that are surrounded by matrix

Which of the following is true about pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

It is composed of cells that have irregular shapes so that the nuclei appear to be in multiple layers

Name? 1. Blue arrow? 2. Green arrow? 3. Yellow arrow? 4. Red arrow?

Loose CT Proper (Areolar CT Proper) 1. Collagen Fiber 2. Elastic Fiber 3. Matrix 4. Fibroblast nucleus

Name? 1. Blue arrows? 2. Yellow arrow? 3. Green arrows? 4. Red arrow?

Loose CT Proper (Areolar CT Proper) 1. Collagen fibers 2. Matrix 3. Elastic fibers 4. Fibroblast nucleus

Name? 1. Green arrow? 2. Yellow arrow? 3. Blue arrows? 4. Red arrow?

Loose CT Proper (Areolar CT Proper) 1. Elastic Fiber 2. Matrix 3. Collagen Fibers 4. Fibroblast nucleus

Name? 1. Blue arrow? 2. Green arrow? 3. Red arrow? 4. Yellow arrow?

Loose CT Proper (Areolar CT Proper) 1. Elastic fiber 2. Collagenous fiber 3. Fibroblast nucleus 4. Matrix (the material between all of these features)

What is this carpet-like structure?

Microvilli

Which of the following is NOT a function of the tissue (adipose) in the image?

Providing strength, structure; its actual functions include storing excess nutrients as fat, cushioning internal organs, and insulating the body for warmth

Name? 1. Green arrow? 2. Blue arrows? 3. Yellow arrows? 4. Red arrow?

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium 1. Basement membrane 2. Epithelial cells 3. Goblet cells 4. Cilia

Name? 1. Yellow arrow? 2. Red arrows? 3. Blue box? 4. Green arrow?

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium 1. Cilia 2. Goblet Cells 3. Epithelial cells 4. Basement membrane

Name? 1. Yellow arrow? 2. Top portion? 3. Red arrow? 4. Blue arrow? 5. Green box?

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium with Cilia and Goblet cells 1. Goblet cells 2. Lumen 3. Cilia 4. Basement membrane 5. Connective Tissue

Relatively flat, eneucleate cells that transport oxygen are called:

Red blood cells

Name? 1. Red arrows?

Reticular Fibers 1. Reticular Fibers

Name? 1. Blue arrows?

Reticular Fibers (spleen) 1. Reticular fibers (the dark, web like fibers)

Simple Columnar Epithelium

S: Is composed of a single layer of tall, long cells with nuclei that are often oval-shaped and found near the central or basal region of the layer F: Is thicker than squamous and cuboidal epithelium, so it provides some protection E: is found lining the gastrointestinal tract, gall bladder, some regions of the uterus, and the central canal of the spinal cord.

Bone (Connective Tissue)

S: Osteocytes (mature bone cells) are found in lacunae, as chondrocytes are in cartilage; canaliculi (tiny canals that extend from the lacunae) contain the osteocyte processes and allow the cells to "feed" the blood; the matrix is composed of hard calcium phosphate which is deposited on proteins in lamellae. F: compact bone forms the sides and surfaces of the skeleton that provides support for the body and protection for internal organs and allows for movement when connected to muscle.

Skeletal Muscle (also called myofibers or myocyte)

S: Skeletal muscle is attached to a bone. Skeletal muscle cells are crossed with striations (alternating dark and light bands that are due to the overlapping pattern of actin and myosin proteins). Unlike other cells, they have multiple, peripheral nuclei. F: Skeletal muscle contraction is voluntary and fast to move bones and for posture/joint stability.

Blood (Connective Tissue)

S: The numerous red blood cells are flattened with a thinner center than edge and have no nuclei (these cells carry oxygen); White blood cells are rarer and have differently shaped nuclei (many types of white blood cells that all comprise part of your infection/disease fighting system). Platelets are small cell "chips" which function in clotting. Blood plasma is the fluid matrix of this connective tissue. F: Blood carries materials throughout the body and helps prevent many diseases.

Reticular CT (CT Proper)

S: The reticular cells are found in a web-like network of reticular fibers; the loose matrix is similar to that of areolar CT F: Provides a soft, internal "skeleton"-like structure to support other cells such as blood cells L: is found in lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen) and liver

Cartilage (Connective Tissue)

S: all cartilage types contain chondrocytes (mature cartilage cells) found in lacunae (holes in which the mature cells reside); as the chondrocytes mature, they secrete a firm, homogenous, gel-like matrix with "invisible" collagen fibers around themselves as they have secreted this matrix around themselves, they end up enclosed in a hole when they are done. F: Hyaline cartilage protects bones at joints Elastic cartilage provides support and structure but is very flexible Fibrocartilage is very strong and somewhat flexible and so acts as a protective shock absorber

Elastic CT Proper

S: contains fibroblasts that produce elastic fibers as well as collagenous fibers; the matrix is similar to that of dense, regular and dense irregular CT F: the elastic fibers provide additional durability and stretch to the tissue L: is found in the aorta wall, walls of other large arteries, the epiglottis, parts of the trachea and bronchi, vocal cords, and ligaments which connect vertebrae

Adipose (CT Proper)

S: fat cells (adipocytes) contain triglyceride molecules in a large, central vacuole; the cells are closely packed so there is little matrix, but what's there is similar to that of areolar CT; this tissue is highly vascular (since blood brings fat molecules to and from the cells) F: stores excess nutrients are fat, cushions internal organs, and insulates the body for warmth. L: is found under the skin, around some organs, in bones and in breasts and other areas where humans tend to store triglycerides

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

S: is composed of a single layer of cube-shaped cells. F: provides a thin layer that often functions in secretion and absorption E: is found on the ovarian surface and in portions of small glands

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

S: is composed of one layer of cells, but not all of the apical surface; nuclei are at different levels giving a "stratified" appearance F: like columnar epithelium, this tissue is somewhat thick, and so provides a small amount of protection; it may also function in secretion; if cilia are present, movement through the system is facilitated. E: Can be found lining the excretory ducts of many glands, parts if male urethra, and the auditory tubes; the trachea and most of the upper respiratory tract are lined with dilated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium.

Dense, Irregular CT Proper

S: like dense, regular CT, there are tightly-packed fibroblast cells and fibers with little matrix; the collagenous fibers, however, are irregularly arranged. F: withstands stress in many directions L: is found in the dermis (deep layer) of the skin and in fibrous capsules around many organs and joints.

Transitional Epithelium

S: looks similar to nonkeratinized, stratified squamous with outer layer of large and rounded cells; the structure of the surface cells varies with degree of organ stretch. F: is distend able and stretchy, for lining areas that expand E: is found in the urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, and parts of uterus.

Embryonic CT/mesenchyme

S: the cells are highly branched and somewhat star-shaped; the matrix is fluid; this tissue lacks the unique, defining characteristics of other CT types F: is the precursor of all other CT types; it also produces fibroblasts for healing E: is present under the skin and along the developing bones in the fetus where it differentiates and becomes periosteum

Loose CT Proper= Areolar CT Proper

S: the cells are scattered fibroblasts; some cells (macrophages; mast cells) will be found in vessels in the matrix or moving directly through the matrix F: attaches the skin to underlying muscles, supports internal organs, blood vessels, and nerves, and wraps and cushions organs. L: is found under the epithelium in "skin" and around the organs and capillaries.

Dense, Regular/Fibrous CT Proper

S: the fibroblast cells are tightly packed in rows between parallel bundles of collagenous fibers; there is a little matrix; the tissue is poorly vascularized (so it doesn't heal quickly) F: provides a strong attachment of bones to muscles, bones to bones, and muscles to muscles or skin; this tissue withstands great tensile stress in the one direction in which the fibers run L: is found in tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses (flattened sheets of CT on the skull)

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

S:Is multilayered with flattened (squamous) cells at surface (apical) side; cells next the basement membrane are often cuboidal/columnar in shape. Since the upper cells are far from blood supply they do not receive nutrients or oxygen and dehydrate and die. F: the multiple layers make this tissue ideal for protection E:Is often found covering or lining where high wear and tear is expected; the upper GI tract, female urethra and vagina are lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; skin is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Name? 1. Green box? 2. Blue arrows? 3. Red arrow? 4. Black box? 5. Yellow box?

Simple Columnar Epithelium 1. Connective Tissue 2. Epithelial cells 3. Stereocilia 4. Lumen 5. Sperm Cells

Name? 1. Red arrows? 2. Blue center portion? 3. Yellow box?

Simple Columnar Epithelium 1. The red arrows are pointing to an example of simple columnar epithelial cells 2. The blue section is showing the lumen 3. The yellow box is highlighting the underlying connective tissue

Name? 1. Red arrow? 2. Blue box? 3. Yellow box?

Simple Columnar Epithelium with Cilia 1. Red is pointing to the hair-like cilia 2. Blue box is showing the epithelial cells 3. The yellow box is showing the connective tissue

Name? 1. Red arrows? 2. Green arrow? 3. Yellow arrow? 4. Blue box? 5. Bottom portion?

Simple Columnar Epithelium with Cilia and Goblets 1. Mucous with dust/dirt 2.Goblet cell 3. Cilia 4. Epithelial cells 5. Connective Tissues

Name? 1. Blue arrows? 2. Yellow arrow? 3.Green arrow? 4. Black box?

Simple Columnar Epithelium with Microvilli and Goblet cells 1. Blue arrows point to two examples of simple columnar cells 2. The yellow arrow is showing a goblet cell 3. The green arrow is pointing to microvilli which are visible as a brush border 4. The black box is highlighting the connective tissue

Name? 1. Red arrow? 2. Yellow arrows? 3. Green arrows?

Simple Columnar Epithelium with Microvilli and Goblet cells 1. Connective tissue 2. Goblet cells 3. Epithelial cells

Name? 1. Yellow circles? 2. Yellow arrows? 3. Green arrow? 4. Blue arrow? 5. Dark blue stained line?

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium 1. The yellow circles highlight tiny tubules in the kidney whose walls are composed of a single layer of cube-like cells surrounding the lumens 2. The yellow arrows are pointing toward two examples of simple cubical epithelial cells stained pink 3. The green arrow shows simple cubical epithelial cells that are not as clear 4. The blue arrow is pointing to one of the cell's apical surface 5. The dark blue stained line is the basement membrane

Name? 1. Yellow arrows? 2. Green arrows? 3. Blue arrow?

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium 1. Yellow arrows point to clearer of examples of simple cuboidal cells 2. Green arrows point to examples that are not so clear 3. The blue arrow is in a tubule that was not pointing in the same direction as many of the others

Name? 1. What are the large open areas? 2. Blue arrows? 3. The yellow arrow?

Simple Squamous Epithelium 1. Air sacs (alveoli) in the lung tissue 2. Simple squamous cells forming the wall of each of the two alveoli 3. Yellow is pointing to a tiny blood vessel

Name? 1. What is the y-shaped structure? 2. What is the blue arrow pointing to? 3. What is the green arrow pointing to? 4. What is are the yellow circles showing?

Simple Squamous Epithelium 1. Another view of a capillary 2. Blue arrows are pointing to the edges of the simple squamous cell that is forming part of the capillary wall 3. The green is pointing to the cell's nucleus 4. The yellow is circling the red blood cells

Name? 1. What is the center portion (light blue)? 2. What are the blue arrows pointing to? 3. What is the yellow arrow pointing to?

Simple Squamous Epithelium 1. The lumen 2. Blue arrows point to the simple squamous cells that form the tube 3. The yellow points to a goblet cell which is secreting mucous into a region where partially digested food would be found

Name? 1. Red Circle? 2. Green arrow? 3. Blue arrows?

Simple Squamous Epithelium 1. An example of how a single epithelial cell can be folded into a tiny tube forming a capillary 2. The cell's nucleus 3. Apical surface

1. What is this image? 2. Yellow arrows? 3. Green arrows? 4. Blue arrows?

Simple cuboidal Epithelium 1. Kidney tubules 2. The yellow arrows are pointing to examples of simple cuboidal cells 3. Green arrows point to the apical surface 4. Blue arrows point to the basement membrane

Name? 1. Yellow arrows? 2. Green arrows? 3. Blue arrows?

Skeletal Muscle1 1. Long, thin, linear fibers (cells) 2. The green arrow points to the nuclei that are pushed up against the cell's membrane 3. Example of striations (bands crossing the muscle cell)

Name? 1. Yellow arrow? 2. Blue arrows? 3. Red box?

Skeletal muscle 1. Striations (alternating light/dark bands) 2. Multiple, peripheral nuclei 3. One long, thin, linear myofiber/myocyte)

Name? 1. Green arrow? 2. Yellow arrow? 3. Red arrows? 4. Blue arrows?

Stratified Squamous Epithelium 1. Apical surface 2. Apical Epithelial cells 3. Basal Epithelial cells 4. Basement membrane

Name? 1. Green arrow? 2. Blue arrows? 3. Yellow box?

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (keratinized) 1. Apical Surface 2. Basement membrane 3. Connective Tissue

Name? 1.Blue arrow? 2. Red arrows?

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (non-keratinized) 1. Apical Surface 2. Basement membrane

The tissue in the image (pink collagenous fibers) can be found in ________.

Tendons and ligaments

Connective Tissue Proper

The fibroblast cells that produce the matrix and fibers found in the matrix are large and flat with branching processes. The matrix is mostly fluid.

Cilia

Tiny, motile hair-like structures in the light microscope. ATP powers their movement as they sway back and forth, they create currents that help propel materials along

Name? 1. Green arrow? 2. Yellow box? 3. Red arrow?

Transitional Epithelium 1. Apical Surface 2. Epithelial cells 3. Basement membrane

Name? 1. Black box? 2. Red arrow? 3. Blue arrow?

Transitional Epithelium 1. Lumen 2. Apical surface 3. Basement membrane

Name? 1. Blue arrow? 2. Red box? 3. Yellow arrow?

Transitional Epithelium 1. Apical Surface 2. Epithelial cells 3. Basement membrane

The hair-like structures pointing to the white space in this image are _____ which function to ____

cilia .... create a current to move material

Strong, thick protein bundles found in all of the proper connective tissues that are resistant to stretching and provide great tensile strength are called:

collagenous fibers

Foldings of the cell membranes of epithelial cells that increase the surface area of that cell so that it can do more effective transport are called:

microvilli

Cells lining the tubules found in the kidney and also those that are found on the surface of the ovary are called:

simple cuboidal epithelium

A tissue lining a space that is composed of a single layer of relatively flat cells would be called:

simple squamous epithelium

The tissue that comprises the outer surface of the skin (and also the lining of areas such as the esophagus and vagina that are subject to a lot of wear and tear) are composed of:

stratified squamous epithelium