Biochemistry Regents Bio - Katherine Jijo : Science Honor Society

A characteristic shared by all enzymes, hormones, and antibodies is that their function is determined by the A) shape of their molecules B) DNA they contain C) inorganic molecules they contain D) organelles present in their structure

A) shape of their molecules exp: the function of the enzyme is dependent on shape or environment

Which substance is an inorganic compound? A) water B) glucose C) maltase D) insulin

A) water exp: water does not contain both hydrogen and carbon

Which substance plays a major role in most of the chemical reactions that occur in a living cell? A) water B) glycogen C) glycerol D) maltose

A) water exp: water is need for crucial cell activities

Experiments revealed the following information about a certain molecule: -It can be broken down into amino acids. -It can break down proteins into amino acids. -It is found in high concentrations in the small intestine of humans. This molecule is most likely A. an enzyme B. an inorganic compound C. a hormone D. an antigen

A. an enzyme exp: enzymes are proteins and biological catalyst made up amino acids

Changing pH and temperature of an enzyme will always A. change its shape B.increase its rate of activity C.decrease its rate of activity

A. change its shape exp: temperature and pH determine and enzymes activity

In plants, simple sugars are least likely to be A. linked together to form proteins B.broken down into carbon dioxide and water C.used as a source of energy D. stored in the form of starch molecules

A. linked together to form proteins exp: photosynthesis in plants generate simple sugars

Organisms living in a environment must be able to tolerate nitrogen-poor, acidic conditions. plants such as the Venus flytrap and sundew are able to obtain their nitrogen by attracting and consuming insects. These plants produce chemicals that break down the insects into usable compounds. Which compounds present in insects are composed of the amino acids that provide the Venus flytrap and sundew with much of their nitrogen? A. proteins B. sugars C. carbohydrates D. fats

A. proteins exp: amino acids are the building blocks of protein

In which process are simple materials chemically combined to form more complex materials? a) synthesis b) pinocytosis c) hydrolysis d) cyclosis

A. synthesis exp: synthesis is the process of combining two or more substances to form an entity

Which substances are inorganic compounds? a)water and salts b)proteins and carbohydrates c)fats and oils d)enzymes and hormones

A. water and salts exp: These substance do not contain both hydrogen and carbon

A molecule that has C and H is necessarily... A.Inorganic B.Organic C.Carbohydrate D.Lipid

B. Organic exp: organic molecules contain both carbon and hydrogen

Which statement describes starches, fats, proteins, and DNA? A. They are used to store genetic information. B.They are complex molecules made from smaller molecules. C.They are used to assemble larger inorganic materials. D. They are simple molecules used as energy sources.

B.They are complex molecules made from smaller molecules. exp:s starches, fats, proteins, and DNA are made up of building blocks/simpler molecules

More energy can be released from a fat molecule than from a glucose molecule because the fat molecule contains more A) genes B) organic compounds C) chemical bonds D) mitochondria

C) chemical bonds exp: energy is stored between chemical bonds

Enzyme molecules normally interact with substrate molecules. Some medicines work by blocking enzyme activity in pathogens. These medicines are effective because they A) are the same size as the enzyme B) are the same size as the substrate molecules C) have a shape that fits into the enzyme D) have a shape that fits into all cell receptors

C) have a shape that fits into the enzyme exp: enzyme shape determines function

Which formula represents an organic compound?A. Mg(OH)2 B. NaCl C. C12H22O11 D. NH3

C. C12H22O11 exp: This compound has both carbon and hydrogen

Glucose is a A.lipid B.protein C.monosaccharide D.polysaccharide

C. monosaccharide exp: monosaccharides are simple sugars

A sample of food containing one type of a large molecule was treated with a specific digestive enzyme. Nutrient tests performed on the resulting products showed the presence of simple sugars, only. Based on these test results, the original large molecules contained in the sample were molecules of A. protein B. glucose C. starch D. DNA

C. starch exp: starch breaks down into simple sugars

Which statement concerning simple sugars and amino acids is correct? A. They are both wastes resulting from protein synthesis. B.They are both building blocks of starch. C.They are both needed for the synthesis of larger molecules. D. They are both stored as fat molecules in the liver.

C.They are both needed for the synthesis of larger molecules. exp: simple sugars and amino acids are building blocks to bigger molecules

Which group contains only molecules that are each assembled from smaller organic compounds? A. proteins, water, DNA, fats B.proteins, starch, carbon dioxide, water C.proteins, DNA, fats, starch D. proteins, carbon dioxide, DNA, starch

C.proteins, DNA, fats, starch exp: proteins, DNA, fats, starch are large organic compounds

The sweet taste of freshly picked corn is due to the high sugar content in the kernels. Enzyme action converts about 50% of the sugar to starch within one day after picking. To preserve its sweetness, the freshly picked corn is immersed in boiling water for a few minutes, and then cooled. Which statement most likely explains why the boiled corn kernels remain sweet? A. Boiling destroys sugar molecules so they cannot be converted to starch. B.Boiling kills a fungus on the corn that is needed to convert sugar to starch. C.Boiling activates the enzyme that converts amino acids to sugar. D. Boiling deactivates the enzyme responsible for converting sugar to starch.

D. Boiling deactivates the enzyme responsible for converting sugar to starch. exp: extreme temperature can affect enzymes activity

Which statement concerning proteins is not correct? A. Proteins are long, usually folded, chains. B.The shape of a protein molecule determines its function. C.Proteins can be broken down and used for energy. D. Proteins are bonded together, resulting in simple sugars.

D. Proteins are bonded together, resulting in simple sugars. exp: proteins are made of amino acids

An iodine test of a tomato plant leaf revealed that starch was present at 5:00 p.m. on a sunny afternoon in July. When a similar leaf from the same tomato plant was tested with iodine at 6:00 a.m. the next morning, the test indicated that less starch was present in this leaf than in the leaf tested the day before. This reduction in starch content occurred because starch was A)changed into cellulose b)transported out of the leaves through the stomates c)conducted downward toward the roots through vessels d) digested into simple sugars

D. digested into simple sugars exp: the starch brakes down into simple sugars

Which elements are present in all organic compounds? a) hydrogen and oxygen b) nitrogen and oxygen c) nitrogen and carbon d) hydrogen and carbon

D. hydrogen and carbon exp: Both hydrogen and carbon must be present in a substance for it to be considered organic

Starch is a A.lipid B.protein C.monosaccharide D.polysaccharide

D.polysaccharide exp: polysaccharides consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.

Which term best describes a solution with a pH of 5? a) acidic b) neutral c) basic d) colorless

a) acidic exp: pH ranging from 1-7 is acidic

Which substance found in the cytoplasm of an ameba is an inorganic compound? a) nucleic acid b) amino acid c) water d) glucose

c) water exp: water is an inorganic compound because it does not contain both hydrogen and carbon