BIOL-111 CHAPTER 4 HW QUESTIONS STUDY

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.

microtubules

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

protein modification

What is the purpose of mitochondria?

Mitochondria produce ATP using the energy in food.

Which statement best describes the relationship between RNA and DNA?

RNA is a temporary copy of DNA that is used to make proteins.

What activities occurs in the nucleolus?

Ribosomes are created in the nucleolus.

The exchange of plasmas between bacterial cells is facilitated by the actions of_________.

Sex pili

Where are lipid made in the cell?

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Which of the components of the cytoskeleton is much more important to animal cells than to plant cells?

microfilaments

What do we call the fluid in which all cellular organelles are suspended?

cytosol

_______ are found only in plant cells, but _______ are found in both plant animal cells.

Central vacuoles; ribosomes

What are the 3 principles of the cell theory?

(1)Every organism is made up of one or more cells (2) The smallest organisms are single cells, and cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms (3) all cells arise from preexisting cells

Which of the following organelles is found only in plant and provides internal support for the plant?

Central vacuoles

______ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.

Basal bodies (Basal bodies and centrioles have identical structures.)

Most eukaryotic cells range in size from________ to __________.

10 µm (micrometers), 100 µm (micrometers)

Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products?

A (The Golgi apparatus)

What feature is common in all cells?

All cells have a plasma membrane.

Which of the statements below would not be valid and supporting the endosymbiont hypothesis (as it pertains to mitochondria and chloroplast)?

Both have identical DNA contain within them and perform the same functions

What is similar about exporting proteins from a cell and digesting food particles within a cell?

Both processes involve the formation of vesicles.

The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter ________.

C. (plasma membrane)

What is the difference between cilia and flagella?

Cilia are much shorter than flagella

The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter______.

D

Which of these provides the cell with structural support?

D (microfilaments)

chromosomes consist of________.

DNA and proteins

What is the most specific function of DNA?

DNA provides the instruction code for making proteins.

Which of these is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?

E (the nuclear envelope)

What type of cell contains organelles?

Eukaryotic

Why are living cells limited to remaining microscopic in size?

Exchanges of substances at the membrane surface would take too long to diffuse throughout the interior of the cell.

______________ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.

Fimbriae

Sorting and modification of proteins is an important function of

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus

Which set in the list below is incorrectly matched to address the cellular structure within its respective function in the eukaryotic cells?

Golgi apparatus: synthesis of cell membrane phospholipids

When was the idea of "cell theory" developed?

In the middle 1800's (more specifically 1855 if it was a answer choice)

Where are ribosomes synthesized?

In the nucleolus

How does penicillin work?

It interferes with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls

If the nucleus is the control center of the cell, how is information encoded and shipped to the cytoplasm?

It is encoded and shipped by RNA.

Which of the following is not true of the cytoskeleton?

It is used in cell recognition

Where are "gatekeeper proteins" found?

Lining the nuclear pores on the surface of nuclei.

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Lipid manufacture

Plasmids are_______.

Located in the cytoplasm

Which of the following organelle breaks down worn-out organelles?

Lysosomes

Which of the components of cytoskeleton are used directly for movement of compounds inside of the cell?

Microtubules and microfilaments

How are the jobs of mitochondria and the chloroplast related?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts both convert energy from some other form into ATP.

Which of these organelles Carrie's out cellular respiration?

Mitochondrion

How do molecules such as proteins in RNA enter into or exit from the nucleus?

Molecules move through pores in the nuclear envelope.

Think of all the structures that prokaryotic cells possess and those that they lack. What is the common feature of most of the missing structures?

Most of the missing structures are enclosed by a membrane.

What is the arrangement of microtubules in a cross section of cilia or flagella?

Nine fused pairs surrounding one unfused pair

Where are proteins that are going to be exported from the cell synthesized?

On the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the functions of a cytoskeleton is unique to eukaryotic cells and does not occur in prokaryotic?

Organelle movement

Which component of a plasma membrane helps to isolate the cell from its environment?

Phospholipid bilayer

Which of the following contain ribosomes?

Plant cells, animal cells, bacterial cells, and chloroplasts

Which of the following structures is/are found in all cells?

Plasma membrane

Potatoes contain large numbers of______.

Plastids

Prokaryotic cells_______.

Possesses a single molecule of circular DNA, but no definable membrane-enclosed nucleus

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?

Protection

What is the function of central vacuole?

Store water and waste, provide turgor pressure to support the cell

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?

Storing compounds produced by the cell

The endoplasmic reticulum is needed for the_______.

Synthesis of proteins and lipids

The cytoskeleton performs all of the following important functions within a cell except:

Synthesizing ribosomes

A researcher has discovered an unusual organism deep in the crust of the Earth. She wants to know whether it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Imagine that she has rapid tests to determine whether the following molecules are present: DNA, RNA, phospholipids, and the presence of multiple chromosomes and associated proteins. Which test would you advise her to use and why?

Test for the presence of multiple chromosomes and associated proteins, because only eukaryotes have multiple chromosomes.

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?

The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.

How does a paramecium survive in freshwater?

The contractile vacuole expels water from the cell.

Lysosomes contain very powerful digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, carbohydrates, and other molecules. Why don't these enzymes digest the cell itself?

The enzymes are separated from the cytoplasm by the lysosomal membrane

Why is a bioartificial organ, based on the patient's own cells, a major advantage and reconstructive surgery?

The immune system is less likely to reject the new cells

Imagine that you're late for an appointment and you reach the office door out of breath because you just around the last three blocks from the bus stop. Which of the following descriptions of what oxygen is used for in your cells is correct?

The mitochondria in my muscle cells need this extra oxygen to break down sugars and produce the energy I need to run.

Why is the nucleus considered the control center for the cell?

The nucleus, which contains the DNA in chromosomes, provides the instructions for the synthesis of proteins, which are involved with many vital tasks within a cell.

What is the smallest living thing in the following list: frog, embryo, mitochondria, prokaryote, virus, atom

The smallest is the Prokaryote

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is true?

They are able to take energy from food molecules and store it in high-energy bonds of ATP.

Which of the following list is the correct order in which newly synthesize proteins are delivered to the plasma membrane?

They are delivered from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane.

The function of mitochondria is _________.

To convert energy from food molecules to high-energy bonds in ATP

Which of the following generalizations can you make about the cytoskeleton?

Various cytoskeletal elements are needed in the performance of numerous essential cellular functions.

The cell theory states that________.

all living things are composed of cells

Which of the following originated by Endosymbiosis?

both chloroplasts and mitochondria

Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA.

c. nucleus

We usually compare all eukaryotic cells as a group to all prokaryotic cells. However, some types of eukaryotic cells have characteristics that are found in prokaryotic cells, but not found in other eukaryotic cells. What feature do plant cells share with prokaryotic cells, but not animal cells?

cell wall

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

cell wall

What is the principal component of plant cell walls?

cellulose

Which organelle or structure is found in plant cells?

central vacuole

Which of the following organelles is/are found in animal cells, but is/are absent and most plant cells?

centrioles

What captures sunlight during photosynthesis?

chlorophyll

Granum is part of which organelle?

chloroplasts

The _______ is composed of DNA and protein.

chromatin Chromatin is composed of DNA and protein.

The structural framework in a cell is the

cytoskeleton

Prokaryotic cells do not contain_______.

endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following correctly lists organelles that are part of the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells?

endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes

Where can ribosomes be found in bacteria?

free in the cytoplasm

In which of these cell types would you expect to find a membrane-bound nucleus?

fungal cell

The plant cell wall

is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

lysosome

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

mRNA

You find a population of strange cells in a sample of pond water. You wish to determine first whether they are eukaryotic or prokaryotic. You look for a membrane-enclosed nucleus and don't see one, but sometimes the nucleus is hard to spot without staining. What else could you look for to determine which cell type this is?

membrane bound organelles

Which component of the Eukaryotic cytoskeleton Contains a protein used in muscle contraction? What is the name of the protein?

microfilament, actin

Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?

microtubules

Where in a cell is ATP made?

mitochondria

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?

mitochondrion

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?

nucleoid region -Bacteria lack a nucleus; their DNA is found in the nucleoid region.

Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____.

nucleolus

The terms prokaryote and eukaryote both specifically refer to which organelle or structure in the cell?

nucleus

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?

nucleus

An investigator identifies an organelle in an unknown cell that has a double membrane. Which organelle could this be?

nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast

The process of creating and exporting a protein requires many organelles. Which of the following lists these organelles in order?

nucleus, rough ER, vesicle, golgi apparatus, vesicle

Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product?

peroxisome

What is responsible for giving the plasma membrane the ability to block most ions and polar compounds from crossing?

phospholipid bilayer

The ____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.

plasma membrane

The ___________ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave cell.

plasma membrane

Which cellular structure has the most in common with nuclear envelope?

plasma membrane

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

ribosomes

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by

ribosomes

What structure is directly responsible for the formation of proteins within a cell?

ribosomes

Which of the following is present inside the prokaryotic cell?

ribosomes

_____ are the sites of protein synthesis.

ribosomes

Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which types of microscope requires the use of gold and has a maximum resolution of 1.5 nm?

scanning electron microscope

Where is calcium stored?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelle would you expect to be in abundance in the liver of a drug addict?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

What is the purpose of the cell wall?

support and protection

In certain types of genetic engineering, DNA is injected into the nucleus of a recipient animal cell. What is the lowest number of membranes that must be pierced by the microscopic needle in order to inject the DNA? (Note that the needles used are not small enough to pass through a nuclear pore.)

three