BIOL 1114 Chapter 7
Each turn of the citric acid cycle produces:
3 NADH and 1 FADH2
During the breakdown of one molecule of glucose by aerobic respiration in eukaryotes, the theoretical maximum yield of ATP produced just by the oxidative phosphorylation is approximately:
30-34 ATP
Which of the following mechanisms have evolved to allow the metabolism of organic molecules in the absence of oxygen?
Anaerobic respiration, fermentation
What happens during the fermentation reactions that occur in the muscle cells?
NADH is oxidized to NAD+, Pyruvate is reduced to lactate
The breakdown of pyruvate results in the production of acetyl-CoA, which enters the _____ _____ cycle.
Citric Acid
During oxidative phosphorylation, what molecules become oxidized?
NADH, FADH2
The electron transport chain results in the oxidation of what energy intermediates produced in the earlier steps of cellular respiration?
NADH, FADH2
What are the products of the breakdown of a single pyruvate molecule?
One NADH molecule, one CO2, One acetyl group
Which of the following are end products of glycolysis?
Pyruvate, ATP, NADH
The third stage of glycolysis is the energy liberation phase. Arrange the chemical intermediates that are produced in this phase in the correct order
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, 3-phosphoglycerate, 2-phosphoglycerate, phosphoenolypruvate, pyruvate
The net products of glycolysis are:
2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2H+, 2 ATP, 2 H2O
The third stage of glycolysis (steps 6-10) is called the energy liberation phase. It produces a total of ______ molecules of NADH and ______ molecules of ATP for every molecule of glucose that enters the pathway.
2,4
Which of the following statements is true about all forms of anaerobic respiration?
A molecule other than O2 is used as the final electron acceptor
Cleavage phase
A six-carbon molecule is converted to two three-carbon molecules
During chemiosmosis, the energy in the form of a proton gradient is converted to chemical potential energy in the _____ molecules.
ATP
The primary aim of cellular respiration is to produce molecules of ____, which produce energy to the cells.
ATP
Formation of ATP within the electron transport chain is catalyzed by the enzyme ____ _____
ATP Synthase
Energy liberation phase
ATP and NADH are synthesized
Early investment phase
ATP is hydrolyzed, and its phosphate groups are attached to glucose
The three energy intermediates produced during cellular respiration are _____, ______, and _____.
ATP, NADH, and FADH2
When a carbon dioxide is removed from pyruvate, the product is a(n) _______ group, which then attaches to coenzyme A.
Acetyl
What reactants are required for the citric acid cycle?
Acetyl-CoA, FAD, GDP2-, NAD+
Select all of the organic molecules that can be produced during fermentation reactions
Ethanol, Lactate
The matrix of the mitochondrion generally has more positive charge than the intermembrane space
False
What are the four steps of cellular respiration in order?
Glycolysis, Breakdown of pyruvate, Citric acid cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation
In eukaryotic cells, the electron transport chain is located in the:
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Where does the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondrial matrix
In the final stage of glucose metabolism, the high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 are removed and used to produce more ATP. This process is called _____ ______.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
In eukaryotic cells, which of the following metabolic pathways occur in the mitochondria?
Oxidative phosphorylation, the breakdown of pyruvate, the citric acid cycle
Many organisms, including animals and yeasts can only use _____ as a final electron in their electron transport chains
Oxygen
The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is:
Oxygen
Consider the net equation of cellular respiration. Which of the following molecules would be reactants?
Oxygen, Glucose
Which of the following serve as reactants in the net reaction of glycolysis?
Pi2-, NAD+,ADP2-
How many ATP molecules are consumed during the first stage of glycolysis?
Two
The electron transport chain involves a series of _____ reactions.
Redox
The ATP produced during glycolysis is the result of ____-level phosphorylation.
Substrate
The second event in oxidative phosphorylation is the production of ATP by the enzyme ATP _____
Synthase
What is the source of energy for the synthesis of ATP by the enzyme ATP synthase?
The flow of protons down their electrochemical gradient
During glycolysis, one molecule of glucose is broken down into:
Two molecules of pyruvate
In the last step of the electron transport chain, electrons are transferred to oxygen. This results in the production of:
Water
When electrons are transferred to oxygen in the final step of the electron transport chain, a molecule of ______ is produced
Water
In eukaryotic cells, the electron transport chain is located in the
inner mitochondrial membrane
The oxidation of NADH in the mitochondrion leads to an electrochemical gradient where there are more protons in the _____ space than there are in the matrix
intermembrane
During oxidative phosphorylation, ATP synthesis is coupled to:
the removal of high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2
