BIOL 132: Sping24 Final

Which of the following food preservation techniques involves adding certain types of bacteria or yeast to foods, producing probiotic foods. A. Fermentation B. Curing C. Pasteurization D. Sterilization

A. Fermentation

A high birth weight infant weighs more than _______ pounds at birth. A. 12.8 B. 6.0 C. 8.8 D. 8.0

C. 8.8

Which of the following food preservation methods involves sterlizing a food and its package seperately? A. Canning B. Drying C. Aseptic processing D. Chilling

C. Aseptic processing

This bacteria is considered by many food scientists as the number one agent that causes foodborne illness. A. Shigella B. Clostridium botulinum C. Campylobacter jejuni D. Bacillus cereus

C. Campylobacter jejuni

Which of the following statements is true? A. By 2 to 4 months of age, most infants can use their fingers to pick up and chew "finger foods." B. It is safe to use honey to sweeten infant foods. C. Caregivers should not give popcorn, grapes, and cut-up raw vegetables to infants. D. Goat's milk mixed with gelatin water is a suitable substitute for breast milk.

C. Caregivers should not give popcorn, grapes, and cut-up raw vegetables to infants.

Nyala is 20 weeks pregnant and has read online about the potential benefits of taking a particular over-the-counter medication to help with management of some of the symptoms she has been experiencing during her pregnancy. Which of the following statements about medication use during pregnancy is FALSE? A. Certain medications can contribute to low birth weight or preterm birth. B. Women should consult their healthcare provider before taking any medication. C. Most medications have been tested in pregnant women and have been deemed safe by the FDA. D. Certain medications may result in neurodevelopmental delay

C. Most medications have been tested in pregnant women and have been deemed safe by the FDA.

________ is a foodborne roundworm that cause parasitic infections from infected pork. A. Shigella species B. Anisakis species C. Trichinella spiralis D. Rotovirus

C. Trichinella spiralis

Age-related dementia includes ________. A. vascular dementia B. Parkinson's disease C. all of these are correct D. Alzheimer's disease

C. all of these are correct

The declining organ functioning and the increase vulnerability to diseases is known as ________. A. life span B. geriatrics C. senescence D. longevity

C. senescence

During pregnancy, edema can be a sign of a serious health problem if ________. A. weight loss and morning sickness also occur B. morning sickness, heartburn, and fatigue also occur C. the swelling is accompanied by hypertension and protein in the urine D. the swelling is limited to the hands and feet

C. the swelling is accompanied by hypertension and protein in the urine

In the United States, the diets of many toddler and preschool-age children supply too much ________. A. potassium B. calcium C. iron D. sodium

D. sodium

Body length increases by ________ inches per year in school-age children. A. 3-5 B. 2-3 C. about 4 D. 1-2.5

b. 2-3

What is the RDA for calcium in older adults? A. 1200 mg/day B. 1000-2000 mg/day C. 2000 mg/day D. 500-1000 mg/day

A. 1200 mg/day

Pathogenic bacteria are likely to multiply rapidly when environmental temperatures are between ________. A. 40 and 140ºF B. 20 and 120ºF C. 60 and 160ºF D. 80 and 180ºF

A. 40 and 140ºF

Which of the following statements is true regarding school-age children and breakfast? A. All of these are associated with eating a complete breakfast B. Those that ate a complete breakfast showed improved comprehension C. Those that ate a complete breakfast showed improved concentration and alertness D. Those that ate a complete breakfast showed improved memory and learning

A. All of these are associated with eating a complete breakfast

During her 7th month of pregnancy, Sari developed a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension and convulsions. Based on this information, Sari developed ________. A. endometriosis B. eclampsia C. echolalia D. endocarditis

B. (Pre) eclampsia

It is best to avoid serving cow's milk until the infant reaches the age of ________. A. 18 months B. 12 months C. 10 months D. 6 months

B. 12 months

What is the EAR for energy in older adult females? A. 25 g/day B. 1600 g/day C. 2000 g/day D. 1000 g/day

B. 1600 g/day

Before you prepare food or after you use the bathroom, wash your hands with hot soapy water for at least ________ seconds to cleanse them thoroughly. A. 60 B. 20 C. 90 D. 40

B. 20

________ is a physiological change associated with aging. A. Fewer episodes of heartburn B. Hardening of the arteries C. Increased brain weight D. Increased blood filtration rate

B. Hardening of the arteries

________ is the production of milk by cells that line the mammary alveoli in breast tissue. A. Pregnancy B. Lactation C. Let-down reflex D. Breastfeeding

B. Lactation

Exposure to a bacterial infection during fetal life may result in ________. A. a miscarriage B. a preterm delivery C. all of these are correct D. stillbirth

C. all of these are correct

Elizabeth is 90 years of age. Compared to when she was 30 years of age, her ________ now. A. stomach secretes more intrinsic factor B. cells require more energy C. arteries are less flexible D. skin is more elastic

C. arteries are less flexible

Compared to infant formulas, human milk is a rich source of ________. A. vitamin D B. fluoride C. cholesterol D. iron

C. cholesterol

The signs and symptoms of most food-borne illnesses generally occur in the ________ system. A. respiratory B. nervous C. digestive D. urinary

C. digestive

Growth plates at the end of long bones are called ________. A. calcification B. osteoporosis C. epiphyses D. rickets

C. epiphyses

Reduced ________ is a normal physiological change associated with aging. A. heartburn B. bruising C. thirst sensation D. vulnerability to cancer

C. thirst sensation

On average, a full-term infant at birth ________. A. weighs 9 to 10 pounds and is about 22 inches long B. weighs 5 to 6 pounds and is about 18 inches long C. weighs 7 to 8 pounds and is about 20 inches long D. weighs 8 to 9 pounds and is about 26 inches long

C. weighs 7 to 8 pounds and is about 20 inches long

A toddler is a child between the ages of ________. A. 6 to 18 months B. 2 to 4 years C. 6 to 12 months D. 1 to 3 years

D. 1 to 3 years

To minimize risk for food-borne illness, ground beef should be used within _______ days of storage in the refrigerator. A. 10-14 B. 5-7 C. 3-4 D. 1-2

D. 1-2

Infant iron stores are typically exhausted by ________ of age and need to be replaced by their diet. A. 0 to 2 months B. 10 to 12 months C. 7 to 8 months D. 4 to 6 months

D. 4 to 6 months

Forty-year old Kent has a family history of Alzheimer's disease. What recommendations do you have for Kent to reduce his risk for Alzheimer's disease? A. Consume foods that are rich in omega-3 fatty acids B. Engage in regular physical activity C. Continue learning and reading D. All of the choices are correct.

D. All of the choices are correct.

Why are adolescents at risk for iron deficiency anemia? A. Blood volume is expanding. B. Lean body mass increases in males. C. Menstruation begins in females. D. All of these choices are accurate.

D. All of these choices are accurate.

The time to introduce solid foods to an infant's diet depends on his or her ________. A. physical abilities B. physiological capabilities C. nutritional needs D. All of these responses are correct.

D. All of these responses are correct.

The toxin produced by ________ can cause blurry vision, muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing, and even death. A. Giardia B. Salmonella species C. Trichinella D. Clostridium botulinum

D. Clostridium botulinum

Which of the following substances is in breast milk but not in infant formulas? A. Antibodies B. Lipids C. Iron D. Lactose

A. Antibodies

Which federal agency is responsible for overseeing the quality of drinking water? A. EPA B. CDC C. FDA D. USDA

A. EPA

The bacteria most commonly associated with unpasteurized milk and cheeses A. Listeria monocytogenes B. Shigella C. Vibrio vulnificus D. Bacillus cereus

A. Listeria monocytogenes

Anna enjoys grilling hamburgers, but she wants to reduce the chances that her food preparation practices result in food-borne illness. Which of the following steps should she avoid? A. Thawing the frozen ground meat on the kitchen counter. B. Washing her hands in warm soapy water for at least 20 seconds after touching the raw ground meat. C. Grilling the hamburgers until the internal temperature of the meat reached 160°F. D. Sanitizing the plate that she used to carry the raw hamburgers to the grill before using it again.

A. Thawing the frozen ground meat on the kitchen counter.

Lenny had raw oysters for dinner and has started to feel ill. Which pathogen should he be most concerned about after eating raw oysters? A. Vibrio vulnificus B. Clostridium botulinum C. Salmonella D. E. coli 0157:H7

A. Vibrio vulnificus

Which of the following factors has a negative effect on a school-age child's diet? A. Viewing television advertisements for sugar-sweetened soft drinks B. Parents serving fresh fruit with meals and snacks C. Eating meals at home D. Caregivers setting limits on consumption of chips and soft drinks

A. Viewing television advertisements for sugar-sweetened soft drinks

The point at which a woman's egg is fertilized by a sperm and pregnancy begins is known as _______. A. conception B. pre-fertilization C. ovulation D. placenta

A. conception

Which food on this list is NOT appropriate for an infant less than one year old? A. honey B. orange juice C. cooked and strained vegetables D. egg yolk

A. honey

A major nutrition-related concern of adolescents is ________ intake. A. low calcium B. high iron C. low protein D. high niacin

A. low calcium

In the United States, milk and juice often go through a process called ________. In this process, heat is used to kill pathogens and spoilage organisms in liquid food items. A. pasteurization B. pathogenesis C. cross-contamination D. irridation

A. pasteurization

According to scientific research involving animals, ________ may extend one's life. A. restricting energy intake B. taking DHEA supplements C. following a high-fiber, high-protein diet D. consuming megadoses of vitamins

A. restricting energy intake

Margaret is 87 years of age. Compared to when she was 27 years of age, her ________ now. A. stomach secretes less intrinsic factor B. cells require more energy C. bones are more dense D. body requires less vitamin B-12

A. stomach secretes less intrinsic factor

The ________ reflex enables an infant to draw milk and swallow when a nipple is put into its mouth A. suck B. extrusion C. rooting D. meconium

A. suck

All of the following are recommendations of the FDA in regards to the selection and use of cutting boards EXCEPT ________. A. to use wood cutting boards made from a soft wood B. to use easy-to-clean cutting boards C. to use a different cutting board for cutting meat as for cutting vegetables D. to replace cutting boards when they become streaked

A. to use wood cutting boards made from a soft wood

Which of the following statements is true? A. The life span of a human being is 100 years. B. In the United States, life expectancy is about 79 years. C. The longest living (documented) person was a man from Bulgaria who lived for 110 years. D. There is little scientific evidence to support the notion that a person's genetic makeup contributes to his or her longevity.

B. In the United States, life expectancy is about 79 years.

Which of the following minerals is often lacking in the diets of older adults? A. Vanadium B. Potassium C. Sodium D. Sulfur

B. Potassium

Intake of which of the following macronutrients is most likely to be below recommendations in older adults? A. Vitamin K B. Protein C. Fats D. Carbohydrates

B. Protein

Dorothy is 86 years of age. Her ________ is likely to have a negative influence on her nutritional status. A. daily exercise regimen B. arthritis C. frequent socializing with friends and family D. ethnic background

B. arthritis

During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce ________. A. estrogen B. colostrum C. oxytocin D. prolactin

B. colostrum

The hormone oxytocin ________. A. increases a woman's appetite during pregnancy B. enables the "let-down" reflex to occur when a woman breastfeeds her baby C. suppresses energy metabolism during pregnancy D. reduces the ability of blood to clot during the birth process

B. enables the "let-down" reflex to occur when a woman breastfeeds her baby

During which trimester is the most critical time for development? A. second B. first C. third D. fifth

B. first

The milk produced first during a feeding is called _____ and is rich in ____. A. hindmilk, fat B. foremilk, lactose C. foremilk, fat D. hindmilk, lactose

B. foremilk, lactose

Bernard is 83 years of age. His ________ is likely to have a negative influence on his nutritional status. A.daily exercise regimen B. social isolation C. ethnic background D. full set of natural teeth

B. social isolation

To avoid constipation, pregnant women should increase intake of ________. A. sugars and starches B. whole-grain bread, bran, and fruits C. milk and dairy products D. lean meat, poultry, and fish

B. whole-grain bread, bran, and fruits

Which of the following statements is true? A. Sulfites are added to grain products during the enrichment process. B. In the United States, most fruits, vegetables, mushrooms, and deli meats undergo irradiation to preserve them. C. Pregnant women, very young children, and people who have weakened immune systems have high risk of food-borne illness. D. In the United States, molds and protozoa are responsible for most cases of food-borne illness.

C. Pregnant women, very young children, and people who have weakened immune systems have high risk of food-borne illness.

What is wrong with giving juice in a bottle or propping up a bottle of formula for the child to drink at bedtime? A. Often, the contents of the bottle spoil, which can lead to gastrointestinal upsets. B. It is best for an infant to be held when drinking from a bottle for the sense of security that it provides. C. Sugar bathes the teeth, bacteria grow, acids are produced from sugar, and acids dissolve tooth enamel. D. There is nothing wrong with this practice. It helps the child grow developmentally.

C. Sugar bathes the teeth, bacteria grow, acids are produced from sugar, and acids dissolve tooth enamel.

________ is a common sign or symptom of early pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women. A. Pernicious anemia B. Gestational diabetes C. Hypertension D. Fatigue

D. Fatigue

Which form of arthritis invovles the build up of uric acid crystals? A. Rheumatoid B. Osteoarthritis C. Juvenile D. Gout E. All of the choices are correct.

D. Gout

Which federal agency is responsible for inspecting beef, poultry and other food animals for diseases before and after slaughter? A. CDC B. EPA C. FDA D. USDA

D. USDA

The process of pasteurization involves the use of ________. A. chemicals to denature pathogens B. radiation to destroy pathogens C. pressure to immobilize pathogens D. heat to kill pathogens

D. heat to kill pathogens

During her 6th month of pregnancy, Miranda was diagnosed with preeclampsia. As a result of this condition, Miranda has a higher risk of giving birth to a ________ infant than a pregnant woman who does not experience hypertension. A. term B. post term C. high birth weight D. low birth weight

D. low birth weight

Which cereal is least likely to cause allergies in infants? A. barley B. oats C. wheat D. rice

D. rice

The placenta ________. A. transfers sperm to the egg so fertilization can occur B. filters viruses and toxins from the mother's bloodstream, preventing them from reaching the embryo/fetus C. synthesizes the essential micronutrients that the embryo/fetus requires for growth and development D. transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus

D. transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus