BIOL 1400- Chapter 12 Module

How does an increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases increase global temperatures?

By preventing some of the heat from escaping the planet's surface

Which is the dominant greenhouse gas leading to global warming of the atmosphere?

CO2

Of the biomes listed, which is best adapted to seasonal fires?

Chaparral

Of the following, which is contributing the most to the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Combustion of fossil fuels

Which principle states that no two species competing for the exact same resources can coexist?

Competitive exclusion principle

Ecology and environmentalism are the same scientific discipline.

False

What are the main causes of biodiversity loss?

Habitat destruction, overharvesting, invasive species, pollution, and climate change

Where would a coral reef most likely be found?

In the warm tropical waters where the sun can penetrate

Why is an estuary considered an intermediate biome?

It is the transition zone between freshwater and saltwater biomes.

What type of species, if removed from the community, could lead to the collapse of the entire community?

Keystone species

Which growth model would you expect to see in a stable population?

Logistic

Vegetarians belong in which trophic level?

Primary consumers

Seed banks are centers that maintain a collection of seeds from a large number of varieties of many crop plant species.What is the primary value of a seed bank?

Seeds stored in a bank can be used to ensure genetic biodiversity of crop plants.

All ecosystems need energy. What is the originating source for most of the energy that powers ecosystems on this planet?

Solar energy

Why are there no large trees in the tundra?

The ground is frozen all year.

Human birth rate peaked in the 1980s and has been slowly declining ever since. How is this expected to affect our population size over the next several decades?

The human population size will continue to increase, but not as fast as before.

In which intermediate biome do most organisms have mechanisms to attach to the substrate and to avoid desiccation?

The intertidal zone

What can you predict about a population if the age structure chart is shaped like a rectangle?

This population has a "0" growth rate.

Aquatic biomes cover most of the Earth's surface.

True

Why are photosynthetic algae limited to surface water in marine ecosystems?

Visible light cannot penetrate deeply into the ocean, even when the water is clear.

How might the removal of a wetland affect a nearby city?

Wetlands reduce flooding, so the removal of a wetland would increase the likelihood of the city flooding.

An age pyramid with a broad base that quickly slopes up to a narrow top would be indicative of ________.

a developing nation

Environmentalism is ________.

a philosophical and social movement concerned with preserving the environment

Using sunflower plants to naturally remove heavy toxins from contaminated soil is an example of ________.

bioremediation

Ecology is a science that can be carried out by ________.

both learning by observing and running experiments to test hypotheses

The distribution of terrestrial biomes on Earth depends mostly on ________.

both temperature and rainfall

A wolf eats a rabbit that eats grass. The wolf is a(n) ________.

consumer

In a program called Nature's Notebook, citizen volunteers make and report observations about seasonal changes in plants and animals from year to year—such as flowering, emergence of insects, and migration of birds. This program is an example of __________.

discovery science

Imagine you were the manager of a national park with cheetahs. The cheetahs feed primarily on gazelles, while the gazelles eat grass. It takes an acre of grassland to feed one gazelle, and it takes ten gazelles to feed one cheetah. How much grassland do you need to support a population of 10 cheetahs?

100 acres

An ecological footprint is an estimated amount of land and water required to sustain one person. It is measured in global hectares. What is the ecological footprint for an average U.S. citizen?

8.2 global hectares per person

What is the difference between a community and an ecosystem?

A community includes interacting populations without their surrounding environment, while an ecosystem includes the surrounding environment.

A drought in Ethiopia results in the deaths of thousands of wild goats. What is this an example of?

A density independent limiting factor

At what level is biodiversity often studied and measured?

All of the above

What can a human population's age pyramid tell you about current and future needs?

All of the above

All of the following are abiotic factors within an ecosystem except ________.

All of the above are abiotic factors.

Which of the following is not an example of goods and services provided by the environment?

All of the above are examples of goods and services provided by the environment.

Although freshwater biomes cover less than 1% of the Earth's surface, they are important because ________.

All of the above are reasons why freshwater biomes are important.

Identify the biotic factor of an ecosystem among the following options.

Amount of moss available to the consumers

All living things need carbon. How does most carbon enter the living portion of an ecosystem?

Atmospheric CO2 taken in by photosynthesis

All living things need nitrogen. How does nitrogen enter the living portion of an ecosystem?

Atmospheric N2 taken in by soil bacteria

A sudden natural catastrophe resulting in massive die-offs would be categorized as a density-________ limiting factor.

independent

The use of multiple forms of pest control including biological, chemical, and the planting of pest-resistant crops is a strategy commonly called ________.

integrated pest management

The Asian kudzu bug (Megacopta cribaria) arrived in Atlanta in 2009 and is quickly spreading across the South. In addition to eating kudzu, it also eats soybeans and can decimate entire crops. The kudzu bug is a type of ________ species.

invasive

An ecosystem is a collection of all the ________ in a given area.

living and nonliving things

The tendency of toxins to accumulate in top predators is called biological ________.

magnification

Abiotic factors are ________.

nonliving components of an ecosystem

There are little birds that spend a great deal of time on the back of a rhinoceros and eat the blood-sucking ticks out of the rhino's ears. The rhino greatly benefits from the relationship, since it cannot remove the ticks itself. The tick-rhino relationship is an example of ________.

parasitism

A community in ecology is defined as ________.

populations from multiple species interacting in the same place

The buildup of soil on bare rock by the decomposition of early colonizers is characteristic of ________ succession.

primary

A wolf eats a rabbit that eats grass. The grass is a ________.

producer

Phytoplankton is an example of a ________.

producer

A biome characterized by warm, fairly dry climate that primarily contains grasses with scattered, isolated trees is a ________.

savanna

The responsible management (use and conservation) of the earth's resources indefinitely is called ________.

sustainable development

Terrestrial biomes are defined in a large part by ________.

the dominant plants that live there

Ecology is best defined as the study of ________.

the interactions between living organisms and their environments

A dispersion pattern refers to ________.

the spacing of organism throughout a habitat

Aquatic biomes are defined primarily by ________.

their salinity