BIOL 1406 Ch. 4

Which type of cells combined in order to form the first eukaryotic cell?

A prokaryotic cell and a host cell

The thinnest protein fibers of the cytoskeleton:

Actin filaments

A well organized gycocalyx that is not easily removed is called a:

Capsule

One of the major theories of biology, which states that all organisms are made up of cells is _____

Cell theory

Which structure maintains the shape of a cell?

Cell wall

The two organelles involved with energy conversions in a plant cell are the _____ and _____

Chloroplast; mitochondria

The strands of DNA and protein within the nucleus are called _____ whereas the highly condensed rod-like structures that form from these strands during cell division are called ______

Chromatin; Chromosomes

Plastids which contain pigments that result in the red, yellow and orange colors responsible for the color of autumn leave are called _____

Chromoplasts

What is the role of stroma?

Contains enzymes that aid in photosynthesis

Which structure increases the surface area in a mitochondria?

Crista

The internal framework of the cell, consisting of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments is called ________

Cytoskeleton

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information as:

DNA - mRNA - protein

In what way can plant cells rapidly increase their size?

Enlarging the central vacuole

True/False: Lysosomes promote movement of nutrient molecules into a cell.

False

True/false: The cell wall structure is identical in both plant cells and bacteria cells.

False

The locomotor organelle found on human sperm cells is called a _____

Flagella

produced in the nucleolus

Ribosomal RNA

The cell structure that is composed of rRNA and protein and is the site of protein synthesis is the ____

Ribosome

Which cell structure is common in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Ribosome

The system of membranous saccules that is studded with ribosomes and capable of producing proteins is the ______

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

The ______ system consists of the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and several types of vesicles.

endomembrane

An opening in the nuclear envelope through which materials enter and exit the nucleus

nuclear pores

The DNA in a prokaryote is found in the ______

nucleoid

The semifluid material enclosed by the nuclear envelope is called the ____

nucleoplasm

Internal membrane-bound compartments located in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells are called _____

organelles

A small extrachromosomal piece of circular DNA found in some bacteria is called

plasmid

What is the function of the contractile vacuoles found in protists?

removal of excess water

What is the pattern of microtubule arrangement in a centriole?

9+0 microtubule triplets

What are the main components of the cell envelope?

- Glycocalyx - Plasma membrane - cell wall

Identify the functions of the central vacuole in plants

- maintains turgor pressure - provides support for the cell

Identify the roles that vacuoles play in plant cells

- store water - store toxins - store salts

Functions of the components of the endomembrane system:

- transportation of molecules within the cell - synthesize lipids - digest substances that are ingested

The cytoskeletal filament that functions to support the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane:

Intermediate filament

Which organelle plays a role in breaking down food particles that are ingested by the cell?

Lysosome

Tay-Sachs disease results from cells lacking certain enzymes that would normally be found in the organelles called _______

Lysosomes

The term for the semifluid materials enclosed by a mitochondrion inner membrane is ______

Matrix

The region in the nucleoplasm when rRNA is used to produce the subunits of ribosomes is called the _______

Nucleolus

In a eukaryotic cell most of the genetic material is located in the _____

Nucleus

Liver and kidney cells filter hand destroy many toxins. As a result they contain high numbers of which type of organelle that is responsible for breaking fatty acids?

Peroxisomes

What energy conversion process occurs in the chloroplast?

Photosynthesis

_____ is a phospholipid belayer with embedded proteins.

Plasma membrane

The disklike sacs formed from the third chloroplast membrane are called the ____

Thylakoids

True/false: The number of mitochondria varies per cell

True

What process occurs in the mitochondria?

cellular respiration

A highly condensed sequence of DNA that is a carrier of genetic information is called _____

chromosome

The Golgi apparatus packages materials into the membranous organelles called ______

vesicles