BIOL-20: Chapter 02 Prebuilt

Which of the following is not true about mitochondria? -increased mitochondria can provide energy faster, improving muscular performance. -they are organelles that have a double membrane. The inner membrane of the mitochondria has many folds called the cristae. -all mitochondria have the same shape; long and lobular.

Al mitochondria have the same shape; long and tubular.

Which of the following is not a component of the cell theory? -cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells -cells are the structural building blocks of all plants and animals -cells are the smallest structural units that can perform all vital functions -all cells in the human body are capable of reproducing themselves

All cells in the human body are capable of reproducing themselves

Which of the following reasons describes why body cells need to undergo mitosis? -Body cells may suffer injury and require replacement. -Body cells must divide in order for the body to grow to maturity. -Body cells age and must be replaced. -All of the listed responses are reasons body cells need to undergo mitosis.

All of the listed responses are reasons body cells need to undergo mitosis.

During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids move apart? -Metaphase -Prophase -Telophase -Anaphase

Anaphase

When DNA first condenses during prophase, each chromosome comprises two sister chromatids, which are attached to each other at the centromere. During which phase of mitosis do these sister chromatids separate? -Telophase -Prophase -Anaphase -Metaphase

Anaphase

Which of the following is true of both active transport and endocytosis? -both will produce membrane-bound structures call endosomes -neither requires the input of energy -both can move materials against the concentration gradient, and both require energy -both move materials out of the cell from high concentration to low concentration

Both can move materials against the concentration trataion gradient, and both require energy

The Golgi apparatus compress a number of flattened discs called cristernae that progress from the _____ face to the ________ face. -trans; cis -cis; forming -trans; maturing -cis;trans

Cis; trans.

What is the name of the process by which the cytoplasm divides in two? -Cytoplasmic streaming -Cytokinesis -Microtubule shortening -Segregation

Cytokinesis

Many of the vesicles leaving the Golgi apparatus fuse with the plasma membrane, expanding the overall surface area of the cell. What process balances this expansion by reducing the cell's surface area? -exocytosis -endocytosis -production of new cisternae -production of lysosomes

Endocytosis

The secretory function of the Golgi apparatus operates through which of the following processes? -cytokinesis. -exocytosis. -endocytosis. -facilitated diffusion.

Exocytosis.

When solutes do not diffuse easily across the plasmalemma on their own, cells can increase the rate of movement by incorporating carrier proteins into the plasmalemma. Movement down a concentration gradient through these carrier proteins is known as ___________. -diffusion -facilitate diffusion -osmosis -active transport

Facilitate diffusion

Which of the following is not a major function of proteins in the cell membrane? -anchoring cells to other structures. -acting as receptors. -forming channels. -forming the entire glycocalyx.

Forming the entire glycocalyx.

Which of the following is not a major function of the endoplasmic reticulum? -detoxification. -hydrolysis. -storage. -synthesis.

Hydrolysis.

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA duplication, or replication, take place? -Anaphase -Prophase -Metaphase -Interphase

Interphase

Which of the following is not part of mitosis? -Prophase -Interphase -Telophase -Metaphase

Interphase

Which of the following is false regarding the plasmalemma? -it contains receptor molecules that can bind substances in the extra cellular fluid to initiate cellular changes. -it is a double-layered membrane in which the heads at the surface are hydrophilic and the tails in the middle are hydrophobic -it regulates the entry and exit of materials into and out of the cell through transmembrane proteins -it allows all substances in extracellular spaces to flow freely into the intracellular cytosol.

It allows all substance in the extracellular space to flow freely into the intracellular cytosol

Which of the following substances would be least able to cross the plasma lemme through simple diffusion? -small inorganic ions (e.g. Na+ and K+) -large water-soluble molecules (e.g. glucose) -lipid-soluble molecules (e.g. a steroid hormone) -gases (e.g. O2 and CO2)

Large water-soluble molecules (e.g. glucose)

Which of the following is not true about organelles? -membranous organelles are surrounded by a protein bilayer. -they are divided into nonmembranous and membranous organelles. -ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.. -they are found in all body cells.

Membranous organelles are surrounded by a protein bilayer/

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell? -Anaphase -Prophase -Metaphase -Telophase

Metaphase

Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false? -the Golgi apparatus packages materials for the lysosomes. -the endocytic vessicle fuses with a lysosome, which results in the digestion of its contents. -lysosomes are vesicles filled with digestive enzymes. -none of the listed responses is correct.

None of the listed responses is correct.

How are osmosis and diffusion different from each other? -Osmosis takes place in plants, whereas diffusion occurs in animals. -Osmosis deals with the movement of water from low concentration to high concentration, and diffusion deals with the movement of solutes. -Osmosis deals with the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane, and diffusion deals with the movement of solutes from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. -Osmosis deals with the movement of solutes from high concentration to low concentration, and diffusion deals with the movement of water.

Osmosis deals with the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane, and diffusion deals with the movement of solutes from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

What part of a cell membrane is usually in contact with the interstitial fluid? -fatty acid tails. -phosphate heads of phospholipids. -cholesterol -hydrophobic molecules

Phosphate heads of phospholipids.

Which of the following is the main component of the cell membrane? -cholesterols. -phospholipids. -carbohydrates. -water

Phospholipids.

During which phase of mitosis do the nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear? -Metaphase -Telophase -Prophase -Anaphase

Prophase

When cells go through mitosis, there must be enough DNA for each daughter cell to receive a complete set of genetic information. During what part of a cell's life cycle is this extra genetic material made? -S phase of interphase -G1 phase of interphase -G2 of interphase -anaphase of mitosis

S phase of interphase

Which of the following is a characteristic of the cell membrane? -impermeable. -semipermeable. -not permeable. -fully permeable.

Semipermeable

During which phase of mitosis do nuclear envelopes and the nucleoli reappear? -Prophase -Anaphase -Metaphase -Telophase

Telophase

The nucleus is the control center for the cell's operations. What is a characteristic of the nucleus? -the nucleus contains all of the information needed to control the synthesis of approximately 100,000 different proteins in the human body. -the nucleus has an impermeable nuclear envelope. -the nucleus always contains only one nucleolus. -all cells in the human body have a single nucleus.

The nucleus contains all of the information needed to control the synthesis of approximately 100,000 different proteins in the human body.

Osmosis involves the diffusion of _______________ -water from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration. -water from areas of higher solute concentration to areas of lower solute concentration. -solutes from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration. -solutes from areas of higher solute concentration to areas of lower solute concentration.

Water from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration.

Which of the following are true states concerning microtubules? -they form the spindle apparatus needed to move chromosomes during mitosis -they are used to change a cell's shape they are the primary components of the cytoskeleton -all of the listed responses are correct

all of the listed responses are correct

If you know that the term lyse means "to tear or split," then you can surmise that the lysosome inside a cell would likely __________. -break down DNA -make energy -make new proteins -break down damaged cell structures or destroy pathogens

break down damaged cell structures or destroy pathogens

When a double helix of DNA is replicated, two complete helices are formed. Together, these helices are called sister __________. -chromatids -centromeres -chromosomes -telomeres

chromatids

Before mitosis is complete, the parent cell begins to physically split through the formation of a cleavage furrow. This process, which ultimately results in the creation of two new daughter cells, is known as ______________. -cytokinesis -metaphase -meiosis -prophase

cytokinesis

Before a newly synthesized protein reaches the golgi apparatus, it may be modified at the _______. -centrioles -mitochondria -rough endoplasmic reticulum -smooth enndoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum