Villanovans and the etruscans
features of roman theatre
- raised on substructures - carved semi circular -action no longer in orchestra -incorporated seats for distinguished members of the audience -decorative back wall
elements that influenced romans contact with foreign cultures
1 cosmopolitan nature of roman society 2 roman practical attitude to religion
steps for foundation of a new roman settlement
1)decide where 2)supervise all aspects of the foundation 3)allocation of the colonies
Hypothesis of Etruscans
1. evolved from villanovans 2. immigrants
greek theatre elements
1.built against hillside 2. cavea extended past shape of semi circle 3. flat circular area called orchestra 4. no stage in early times
the roman empire
14-476 ad
roman republic
509-31 bc
roman monarchy
753-509 bc
Villanovan Period
9-8th century BC The Iron Age practiced cremation central & northern Italy (tuscany)
Deductio
act of founding a colony
orchestra
action of play
navalia
aquatic displays
cavea
auditorium
venations
beast hunting
theatre epidaurus
best preserved greek theatre
type of etruscan pottery
bucchero, glossy black
basilica or aula
building for the meeting of locals and administration of justice, building that served as a court of law
first permanent theatre in rome
built in 55 BC by Pompey
roman circle walls
built with fired bricks
north to south
cardo maximus current day via de roma
military camp
castrum structure
angora
center for business and social life in GREEK cities, open space untidily bordered by public buildings and monuments (athens)
turn of 20th century
city altered 50% of urban landscape
gladiators
criminals, slaves, prisoners of war or voluntary men
east to west
decumanus maximus current day strozzi
isis
egyptian goddess. represented he ideal mother and wife. patron of good, example of roman attitude towards foreign religion, not traditional
Methodology
excavation proceed removed layer by layer in the reverse order they were laid down
gambrinus tombs
found in piazza de republica
purposes of "shows"
games offered to get social consensus, and distracted from more important matters
Forum
gathering place between the intersection of cardo and decamus, heart of a roman colony, devoted to politics, law courts and public business (piazza della republica)
lucricia
girl who had everything the romans believed they had and the etruscans didn't
munera
gladiatorial fights
colosseum
hosted gladiatorial fights, venationes (beast hunting) and navalia (aquatic display)
Cause of trade with greece
immigrants vs.conforming (natives) - same geological area -pottery
roman theatre of florence
located beneath palazzo vecchio
amphitheatre
means "double theatre" located close to city walls (santa croce) because they required a lot of space and to attract people the countryside, buildings of PROPAGANDA, 1800's brief excavations held
roman colonization
military(location was strategic), domestic(settle vets overcrowding), political(colonies as extension of rome)
temple of jupiter optimus maximus
most important temple in rome where religion and politics are bound
problems with christianity
only 1 god message was disruptive of the roman society (love your enemy) emerged as unknown religion to roman authorities romans began to persecute christians
most important excavation in florence
piazza della signoria (1970's-1980's) found etruscan pottery and bronze figurines
religion
political instability
architect corinto corinti
recorded archeological findings during reordering of city center, printed on postcards
gaius julius ceasar
roman general - conquest of gaul that extended romes territory, was stabbed to death at his first attempt to establish an empire
etruscans
ruled rome from 616 to 509 BC with the Tarquin dynasty most powerful nation in pre roman italy
urban archeology
sub discipline of archeology specializing in material of past
capitolium
temple dedicated to capitoline triad, presence indicates roman colony, usually most prominent site of the city
typical roman pottery
terra sigillata
principate
the first among many, augustus never referred to himself as emperor
piazza signoria
thought to be a place of worship
Archeologist
to reconstruct what happened in a given time period through written and tangible resources
type of burial grounds
tumuli - etruscans left this, evidence of aristocracy and defined class structure - NO BURIAL INSIDE CITY LINES, OUTSKIRTS
senate
two consuls and magistrates (wealthy and noble families, chosen by consulate, law makers)
why is florence the perfect place to settle?
used to be lake basin, water receeded, turned into a valley and plain. Arno = good source of communication and farming.
2 types of basilicas in roman world
virtruvian model= smaller, squarish, entrance in one of the long sides pompeiian=oblong hall, access from the short side, will influence the design of christian churches
portico
walkway with roof structure supported by columns closed in by walls, link elements of different styles and date into a coherent whole
octavianus augustus
won against mark anthony and established the empire. first emperor of roman empire from 27 bc to 14 ad nephew of ceasar