Villanovans and the etruscans

features of roman theatre

- raised on substructures - carved semi circular -action no longer in orchestra -incorporated seats for distinguished members of the audience -decorative back wall

elements that influenced romans contact with foreign cultures

1 cosmopolitan nature of roman society 2 roman practical attitude to religion

steps for foundation of a new roman settlement

1)decide where 2)supervise all aspects of the foundation 3)allocation of the colonies

Hypothesis of Etruscans

1. evolved from villanovans 2. immigrants

greek theatre elements

1.built against hillside 2. cavea extended past shape of semi circle 3. flat circular area called orchestra 4. no stage in early times

the roman empire

14-476 ad

roman republic

509-31 bc

roman monarchy

753-509 bc

Villanovan Period

9-8th century BC The Iron Age practiced cremation central & northern Italy (tuscany)

Deductio

act of founding a colony

orchestra

action of play

navalia

aquatic displays

cavea

auditorium

venations

beast hunting

theatre epidaurus

best preserved greek theatre

type of etruscan pottery

bucchero, glossy black

basilica or aula

building for the meeting of locals and administration of justice, building that served as a court of law

first permanent theatre in rome

built in 55 BC by Pompey

roman circle walls

built with fired bricks

north to south

cardo maximus current day via de roma

military camp

castrum structure

angora

center for business and social life in GREEK cities, open space untidily bordered by public buildings and monuments (athens)

turn of 20th century

city altered 50% of urban landscape

gladiators

criminals, slaves, prisoners of war or voluntary men

east to west

decumanus maximus current day strozzi

isis

egyptian goddess. represented he ideal mother and wife. patron of good, example of roman attitude towards foreign religion, not traditional

Methodology

excavation proceed removed layer by layer in the reverse order they were laid down

gambrinus tombs

found in piazza de republica

purposes of "shows"

games offered to get social consensus, and distracted from more important matters

Forum

gathering place between the intersection of cardo and decamus, heart of a roman colony, devoted to politics, law courts and public business (piazza della republica)

lucricia

girl who had everything the romans believed they had and the etruscans didn't

munera

gladiatorial fights

colosseum

hosted gladiatorial fights, venationes (beast hunting) and navalia (aquatic display)

Cause of trade with greece

immigrants vs.conforming (natives) - same geological area -pottery

roman theatre of florence

located beneath palazzo vecchio

amphitheatre

means "double theatre" located close to city walls (santa croce) because they required a lot of space and to attract people the countryside, buildings of PROPAGANDA, 1800's brief excavations held

roman colonization

military(location was strategic), domestic(settle vets overcrowding), political(colonies as extension of rome)

temple of jupiter optimus maximus

most important temple in rome where religion and politics are bound

problems with christianity

only 1 god message was disruptive of the roman society (love your enemy) emerged as unknown religion to roman authorities romans began to persecute christians

most important excavation in florence

piazza della signoria (1970's-1980's) found etruscan pottery and bronze figurines

religion

political instability

architect corinto corinti

recorded archeological findings during reordering of city center, printed on postcards

gaius julius ceasar

roman general - conquest of gaul that extended romes territory, was stabbed to death at his first attempt to establish an empire

etruscans

ruled rome from 616 to 509 BC with the Tarquin dynasty most powerful nation in pre roman italy

urban archeology

sub discipline of archeology specializing in material of past

capitolium

temple dedicated to capitoline triad, presence indicates roman colony, usually most prominent site of the city

typical roman pottery

terra sigillata

principate

the first among many, augustus never referred to himself as emperor

piazza signoria

thought to be a place of worship

Archeologist

to reconstruct what happened in a given time period through written and tangible resources

type of burial grounds

tumuli - etruscans left this, evidence of aristocracy and defined class structure - NO BURIAL INSIDE CITY LINES, OUTSKIRTS

senate

two consuls and magistrates (wealthy and noble families, chosen by consulate, law makers)

why is florence the perfect place to settle?

used to be lake basin, water receeded, turned into a valley and plain. Arno = good source of communication and farming.

2 types of basilicas in roman world

virtruvian model= smaller, squarish, entrance in one of the long sides pompeiian=oblong hall, access from the short side, will influence the design of christian churches

portico

walkway with roof structure supported by columns closed in by walls, link elements of different styles and date into a coherent whole

octavianus augustus

won against mark anthony and established the empire. first emperor of roman empire from 27 bc to 14 ad nephew of ceasar