BIOL 2402 Midterm
The two regions of the hypothalamus that are associated with the posterior pituitary gland are the
supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus
The hormone oxytocin is synthesized in the
paraventricular nucleus
What is the mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones
Activation of genes, which increase protein synthesis in the cell
The action(s) of aldosterone is/are to: a. promote renal reabsorptoin of water b. promote renal excretion of potassium c. promote renal reabsorption of sodium d. All of the choice are correct
All of these are correct
Why do steroid hormones have a longer half-life than other hormones?
Because they are bound to protein carriers
Which of the following conditions is caused by long-term exposure to high levels of cortisol
Cushing's Syndrome
Endocrine Glands
Ductless glands Are the organs of the endocrine system Secrete directly into the bloodstream Help to maintain homeostasis
Acromegaly
Enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty
Which of the following functions to regulate a short term response to stress?
Epinephrine
Which hormones collectively are called gonadotropins
FSH and LH
The main function of the ACTH is to stimulate ____ release from the ______
Glucocorticoid, Adrenal Cortex
Which organ is responsible for synthesizing ANP
Heart
Eicosanoids does not include
Hydrocortisones
Damage to the liver might impair enzymatic degradation of some hormones. The levels of such hormones in the blood would therefore be expected to:
Increase
Which of the hormones are controlled by humoral stimuli
Insulin
What happens to the protein calmodulin when hormones bind to it
It activates enzymes
The hormones and neurotransmitters released by the endocrine and nervous system are chemical substances referred to as:
Ligands
Which type of hormone requires a carrier protein in the blood?
Lipid-Soluble Hormone
What are the target cells for the FSH Hormone?
Ovaries and Testes
The organ that can be classified as both an endocrine and exocrine gland
Pancreas
When a chemical messenger helps initiate an inflammatory response by causing cellular changes in neighboring cells, it is demonstrating ___________ signaling.
Paracrine
When the activity of one hormone requires that of a second hormone, the interaction is said to be _________.
Permissive
Which of the following consists of nerve tissue and is downgrowth from the hypothalamus
Posterior Pituitary
The pituitary gland is located within the _____ of the____ bone
Sella Turcica, Sphenoid
Any situation that upsets homeostasis and threatens one's physical or emotional well-being is called __________.
Stress
When the effects of one hormone reinforce the activity of another on the same target cell, the interaction is said to be
Synergistic
When the effects of water-soluble hormones on their target cells are considered, the hormone itself is
The first messenger
The half-life of a hormone is the
The time necessary to reduce the hormone concentration in the blood to half of what had been secreted
Thyroid hormone synthesis involves secretion of a glycoprotein called_____ by the follicular cells
Thyroglobin
Gigantism
a condition produced by hypersecretion of growth hormone during the early years of life
A G-Protein is:
a molecule that binds a guanine nucleotide and helps transduce a signal inside a target cell.
Too much GH in a fully grown adult results in:
acromegaly
Glucagon works by
activating second messengers and stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
Cortisol is useful in controlling inflammation reactions because it
decreases the permeability of capillaries
The hormone ADH is produced by cells whose bodies are in the hypothalamus, but is actually released or secreted in the
hypothalamus; posterior pituitary
Which element is needed for thyroxine production
iodine
A newly developed pesticide has been observed to bind to an intracellular hormone receptor. If ingested, residue from this pesticide could disrupt the levels of
thyroid hormone