BIOL 2402 Midterm

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The two regions of the hypothalamus that are associated with the posterior pituitary gland are the

supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus

The hormone oxytocin is synthesized in the

paraventricular nucleus

What is the mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones

Activation of genes, which increase protein synthesis in the cell

The action(s) of aldosterone is/are to: a. promote renal reabsorptoin of water b. promote renal excretion of potassium c. promote renal reabsorption of sodium d. All of the choice are correct

All of these are correct

Why do steroid hormones have a longer half-life than other hormones?

Because they are bound to protein carriers

Which of the following conditions is caused by long-term exposure to high levels of cortisol

Cushing's Syndrome

Endocrine Glands

Ductless glands Are the organs of the endocrine system Secrete directly into the bloodstream Help to maintain homeostasis

Acromegaly

Enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty

Which of the following functions to regulate a short term response to stress?

Epinephrine

Which hormones collectively are called gonadotropins

FSH and LH

The main function of the ACTH is to stimulate ____ release from the ______

Glucocorticoid, Adrenal Cortex

Which organ is responsible for synthesizing ANP

Heart

Eicosanoids does not include

Hydrocortisones

Damage to the liver might impair enzymatic degradation of some hormones. The levels of such hormones in the blood would therefore be expected to:

Increase

Which of the hormones are controlled by humoral stimuli

Insulin

What happens to the protein calmodulin when hormones bind to it

It activates enzymes

The hormones and neurotransmitters released by the endocrine and nervous system are chemical substances referred to as:

Ligands

Which type of hormone requires a carrier protein in the blood?

Lipid-Soluble Hormone

What are the target cells for the FSH Hormone?

Ovaries and Testes

The organ that can be classified as both an endocrine and exocrine gland

Pancreas

When a chemical messenger helps initiate an inflammatory response by causing cellular changes in neighboring cells, it is demonstrating ___________ signaling.

Paracrine

When the activity of one hormone requires that of a second hormone, the interaction is said to be _________.

Permissive

Which of the following consists of nerve tissue and is downgrowth from the hypothalamus

Posterior Pituitary

The pituitary gland is located within the _____ of the____ bone

Sella Turcica, Sphenoid

Any situation that upsets homeostasis and threatens one's physical or emotional well-being is called __________.

Stress

When the effects of one hormone reinforce the activity of another on the same target cell, the interaction is said to be

Synergistic

When the effects of water-soluble hormones on their target cells are considered, the hormone itself is

The first messenger

The half-life of a hormone is the

The time necessary to reduce the hormone concentration in the blood to half of what had been secreted

Thyroid hormone synthesis involves secretion of a glycoprotein called_____ by the follicular cells

Thyroglobin

Gigantism

a condition produced by hypersecretion of growth hormone during the early years of life

A G-Protein is:

a molecule that binds a guanine nucleotide and helps transduce a signal inside a target cell.

Too much GH in a fully grown adult results in:

acromegaly

Glucagon works by

activating second messengers and stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

Cortisol is useful in controlling inflammation reactions because it

decreases the permeability of capillaries

The hormone ADH is produced by cells whose bodies are in the hypothalamus, but is actually released or secreted in the

hypothalamus; posterior pituitary

Which element is needed for thyroxine production

iodine

A newly developed pesticide has been observed to bind to an intracellular hormone receptor. If ingested, residue from this pesticide could disrupt the levels of

thyroid hormone


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