BIOL 2421 Chapter 4 & 5 Review
The internal solute concentration of a plant cell is about 0.8 M . To demonstrate plasmolysis, it would be necessary to suspend the cell in what solution? A. 1.0 M B. 0.8 M C. 0.4 M D. Distilled Water
A. 1.0 M
Which of the following is a correct difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion? A. Active transport requires energy from ATP, and facilitated diffusion does not. B. Facilitated diffusion can move solutes against a concentration gradient, and active transport cannot. C. Active transport involves transport proteins, and facilitated diffusion does not. D. Active transport can move solutes in either direction across a membrane, but facilitated diffusion can only move in one direction.
A. Active transport requires energy from ATP, and facilitated diffusion does not.
In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A. Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization B. Eukaryotic cells are much more successful than prokaryotic cells C. Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells D. Eukaryotic cells can synthesize proteins but prokaryotic cells cannot E. Eukaryotic cells lack many of the organelles found in prokaryotic
A. Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization
Which of these statements describes some aspect of facilitated diffusion? A. Facilitated diffusion of solutes may occur through channel or transport proteins in the membrane. B. Facilitated diffusion is another name for osmosis. C. Facilitated diffusion requires energy to dive a concentration gradient. D. There is only one kind of protein pore for facilitated diffusion.
A. Facilitated diffusion of solutes may occur through channel or transport proteins in the
Which of the following is FALSE in regard to facilitated diffusion? A. Facilitated diffusion requires the hydrolysis of ATP. B. Facilitated diffusion can occur through protein channels. C. Facilitated diffusion can move ions across membranes. D. Facilitated diffusion can occur using transport proteins.
A. Facilitated diffusion requires the hydrolysis of ATP.
Choose all of the following that would be found making up the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall? A. NAG (sugar) B. NAM (sugar) C. NAG (protein) D. NAM (protein) E. Protein/amino acid cross bridge and connections
A. NAG (Sugar) B. NAM (sugar) E. Protein/amino acid cross bridge and connections
The cytoplasmic membranes that make up the cell and also surround the membrane bound organelles in eukaryotes are made up of which of the following? A. Phospholipid bilayers with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails B. Phospholipid monolayers C. Lipids without phosphate groups D. Phospholipid bilayers that have hydrophobic heads and hydrophilic tails
A. Phospholipid bilayers with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
Choose all of the following that are prokayotic. A. bacteria B. archaea C. eukarya D. fungi E. protist F. protozoan
A. bacteria B. archaea
Which of the following potions of the flagellum anchor it into the cell wall? A. basal body B. hook C. filament D. cilium
A. basal body
Which of the following structures would be generally considered the shortest projection from a bacterial cell? A. fimbriae B. pilli C. flagella D. cilia
A. fimbriae
Which of the following are found on the DNA, is stored in the nucleus of Eukaryotic organisms, and is used to make proteins with an mRNA intermediate. A. genes B. proteins C. RNA D. nucleolus
A. genes
In order for a plant cell to be plasmolyzed, the cell would have to be placed in an environment that has a/an ________________ concentration of solutes than the cell. A. higher B. lower C. equal D. none of the above
A. higher
The concentration of solutes in a red blood cell is about 2%, but red blood cells contain almost no sucrose or urea. Sucrose cannot pass through the membrane, but water and urea can. Osmosis would cause red blood cells to shrink the most when immersed in which of the following solutions? A. hypertonic sucrose solution B. hypotonic sucrose solution C. hypotonic urea solution D. hypertonic urea solution E. pure water
A. hypertonic sucrose solution
In which of the following cellular structures would you most likely find nucleotides in a eukaryotic cell? A. nucleus B. plasma membrane C. ribosomes D. ER E. Golgi Apparatus
A. nucleus
Choose all of the following that are unique to prokaryotic cells and not found in eukaryotic cells. A. pilli B. nucleoid region C. cell wall D. ribosomes E. mitochondria
A. pilli B. nucleoid region
Which of the following structures regulates what comes in and goes out of the cell and is made of PHOSPHOLIPIDS. (Choose all that apply) A. plasma membrane B. cell membrane C. ribosomes D. glycocalyx E. cytoskeleton F. cytoplasmic membrane G. nuclear envelope
A. plasma membrane B. cell membrane F. cytoplasmic membrane G. nuclear envelope
Which of the following cell structures exhibits selective permeability between a cell and its external environment? Choose all that apply) A. plasma membrane B. mitochondria C. chloroplast D. ribosomes E. cytoplasmic membrane
A. plasma membrane E. cytoplasmic membrane
Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles in eukaryotes? A. ribosomes B. cell membrane C. transport vesicles D. mitochondria E. no organelles are found inside of other organelles
A. ribosomes
Choose all of the following that are non-membranous organelles found in the bacterial cell. A. ribosomes B. cytoskeleton C. mitochondria D. ER E. nucleus F. peroxisomes G. chloroplasts
A. ribosomes B. cytoskeleton
Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common? A. ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm B. mitochondria, cytoplasm, plasma membrane C. nucleus, plasma membrane, ribosomes D. ribosomes, nucleus, plasma membrane E. mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm
A. ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm
A cell with an extensive golgi apparatus would ______________. A. secrete lots of proteins B. absorb nutrients C. make a lot of ATP D. move rapidly E. store large amounts of ions
A. secrete lots of proteins
Choose all of the following that the Smooth ER could be found producing and doing. A. steroids B. lipids C. nucleic acids D. proteins E. drug detoxification
A. steroids B. lipids E. drug detoxification
A red blood cell is placed into a hypotonic solution which of the following would happen? A. the cell would burst/lyse B. the cell would shrivel/crenate C. the cell would stay the same
A. the cell would burst/lyse
Choose all of the following that are true about or can be found describing a Gram + cell wall. A. thick peptidoglycan B. thin peptidoglycan C. techoic acid/lipotechoic acid D. lipopolysaccharide E. mycolic acid F. stains purple G. stains pink
A. thick peptidoglycan C. techoic acid/lipotechoic acid E. mycolic acid F. stains purple
Which of the following eukaryotic cell structures is utilized by the cell to break down won out cellular material? A. Peroxisomes B. Lysosomes C. Ribosomes D. Golgi Apparatus E. Endoplasmic Reticulum
B. Lysosomes
Which of the following cellular stuctures are involved in regulating what comes into and out of the cell? A. DNA B. Plasma Membrane C. Mitochondria D. Ribosomes E. Cytoplasm F. Cytosol G. Lysosome
B. Plasma Membrane
Which of the following terms represents everything that could be found outside of the nuclear membrane and inside of the plasma membrane? A. cytosol B. cytoplasm C. organelles D. chromatin
B. cytoplasm
When a cell is placed into an environment that has a lower amount of solute than what is within the cell it is said to be placed in a _______________ solution. A. hypertonic B. hypotonic C. isotonic D. none of those
B. hypotonic
Which of the following structures is critical for the production of rRNA and in turn the ribosomes that make proteins? A. nucleus B. nucleolus C. smooth ER D. rough ER E. plasma membrane F. ribosomes G. mitochondria H. lysosomes
B. nucleolus
Choose all of the following that have cell walls. A. animals B. plants C. bacteria D. fungi E. none of the above
B. plants C. bacteria D. fungi
Which of the following would be found to make the membrane a MOSAIC and is made up of amino acids. The main reason the word MOSAIC is in the FLUID MOSAIC Model) A. cholesterol B. protein C. keratin D. phosphate
B. protein
Which of the following cells could contain both a nucleus and chloroplast? A. bacterium B. protist cell and plant cell C. cell from a bird D. cell from intestinal lining of a cow
B. protist cell and plant cell
Choose all of the following that are true about or can be found describing a Gram - cell wall. A. thick peptidoglycan B. thin peptidoglycan C. techoic acid D. lipopolysaccharide E. mycolic acid F. stains purple G. stains pink H. lipid A I. porin proteins
B. thin peptidoglycan D. lipopolysaccharide G. stains pink H. lipid A I. porin proteins
Enzymes are normally made of proteins. A cell that secretes lots of enzymes would probably have large amounts of which of the following? A. Golgi Apparatus B. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum C. Free Ribosomes D. None of the answers are correct
C. Free Ribosomes
Which of the following stuctures is found in Eukayotic but not prokayotic cells? A. DNA B. Cytosol C. Mitochondria D. Plasma Membrane E. Ribosomes F. Inclusions/Inclusion Bodies
C. Mitochondria
Which type of Eukaryotic cell is most likely to have the most mitochondria? A. photosynthetic cells in the leaves of a tree B. bacterial cells that are growing on sugars C. Muscle cells in the legs of a cross country runner D. inactive muscle cells
C. Muscle cells in the legs of a cross country runner
A single bacterial cell is placed in an isotonic solution. Salt is then added to the solution. Which of the following would occur as a result of the salt addition? A. Water would enter the cell by osmosis, and the cell would swell. B. There would be no osmotic movement of water in response to the added salt. C. Water would leave the cell by osmosis, causing the volume of the cytoplasm to decrease. D. The added salt makes the solution hypotonic compared to the cell. Water will enter the cell by osmosis. E. The added salt would enter the cell, causing the cell to take up water and swell.
C. Water would leave the cell by osmosis, causing the volume of the cytoplasm to decrease.
Which of the following structures found in plants would contain pigments, poisons, and organic molecules to use/dilute them. A. chloroplast B. mitochondria C. central vacuole D. contractile vacuole E. None of the answer choices are correct
C. central vacuole
Choose all of the following that would be considered eukaryotic. A. bacteria B. archaea C. eukarya D. fungi E. protozoans F. algae G. yeast H. plants I. animals
C. eukarya D. fungi E. protozoans F. algae G. yeast H. plants I. animals
Which of the following organelles is the shipping center and is also involved in the modification of proteins? A. smooth ER B. rough ER C. golgi D. lysosome E. peroxisome
C. golgi
The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized _______________. A. in the rough endoplasmic reticulum B. in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the golgi apparatus D. externally to the plasma membrane E. in the golgi apparatus
C. in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the golgi apparatus
In order to ensure that red blood cells stay healthy which of the following solutions should you put into an IV when introduced to the blood stream. A. hypotonic solution B. hypertonic solution C. isotonic solution D. None of the choices are correct
C. isotonic solution
Which of the following is likely the cause of vasodilation, inflamation, and blood clotting when an individual is infected with a Gram - organism? A. thin peptidoglycan B. cytoplasmic membrane C. lipid A on lipopolysaccharides D. golgi apparatus E. endoplasmic reticulum
C. lipid A on lipopolysaccharides
Which of the following Human organs would you likely find many smooth ER membranes? A. biceps muscle B. heart muscle C. liver D. skin E. non of the answers are correct
C. liver
Which of the following would you likely find making the glycocalyx surrounding bacterial cells sticky. A. lipids B. polypeptides C. polysaccharides D. nucleic acid
C. polysaccharides
Choose all of the following that are functions of the extracellular matrix in eukaryotes. A. storage B. protein synthesis C. protection and support D. ATP production E. Lipid production
C. protection and support
Photosynthesis occurs in plants in which organelle?
Chloroplast
Basal bodies would be found forming the base of _____________ and flagella?
Cilia
What is the name of the structure that is used by bacteria to transfer DNA from one organism to another?
Conjugative pili
Which of the following structures is found in animal cells but NOT in plant cells or prokaryotes? A. mitochondria B. golgi C. RER D. Centrioles E. Plasma Membrane
D. Centrioles
A protein that is found to be different in the cell membrane than the proteins being produced in the ER demonstrates that the protein was probably altered by which of the following? A. Plasma Membrane B. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum C. Transport Vesicles D. Golgi apparatus E. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
D. Golgi Apparatus
Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell? (Eukaryotes) A. lysosomes, vacuoles, and ribosomes B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribsosomes, vacuole C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and vacuole D. ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following statements about diffusion is true? A. It occurs when molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. B. It is very rapid over long distances. C. It always requires integral proteins of the cell membrane. D. It requires expenditure of energy by the cell. E. It is a passive process of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment
E. It is a passive process of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment
Which of the following is/are possible sites where protein synthesis can take place in a typical eukaryotic cell? A. cytoplasm B. rough endoplasmic reticulum C. mitochondria D. two answers could be correct E. all three choices could be correct
E. all three choices could be correct
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in which of the following? A. energy processing B. information storage C. structural support D. breakdown of complex foods E. manufacturing
E. manufacturing
A new organism is found. Its cells contain membrane bound organelles and a nucleus. This is definitely a prokaryotic organism as it is made up of prokaryotic cells. True False
False
All bacteia have cell walls. True False
False
Bacterial cell walls don't usually play a role in regulating osmosis and osmotic forces in bacteria. True False
False
Cilia are usually numerous on the surface of prokaryotic cells. True False
False
Polar objects are able to cross the membrane with ease due to the fact that the tails of the phospholipids are polar. True False
False
Prokaryotic organisms have some DNA found in a nucleoid region and some within their nuclear membrane. True False
False
Ribosomes consist of proteins and DNA. True False
False
These structures are found in both bacteria and archaea and allow them to adhere to each other, surfaces, and produce biofilms.
Fimbriae
These structures house reserve deposits of chemicals such as polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) within bacterial cells.
Inclusions
_____________ are the site of protein synthesis within the cell.
Ribosomes
Bacillus
Rod shaped bacteria
All living things Bacteia, Archaea, and Eukaya) have the ability to grow, reproduce, respond to stimuli, have controlled chemical reactions, and are surrounded by a cytoplasmic membrane. True False
True
Archaeans have many similarities to bacteria but their DNA is more similar to eukaryotic organism DNA. True False
True
Bacterial cell walls can be targeted with antibiotics and contain peptidoglycan. True False
True
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic and lack membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm. True False
True
Facilitated diffusion uses protein channels but does not require ATP. True False
True
I can identify the membrane stucture and can explain why we call it the fluid mosaic model. True False
True
I have reviewed the general structure of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells from the notes and can identify their pats and know their functions. True False
True
In eukaryotic cells the nucleolus is the site where ribosomal subunits are assembled. These subunits then pass through the nuclear pores of the nuclear membrane where those subunits can combine and begin to synthesize proteins in the cytoplasm of the cell. True False
True
Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism True False
True
Mitochondria have inner and outer membranes True False
True
Mitochondria possess their own DNA True False
True
Prokaryotic chromosomes that comprise the main genetic material of the cell are circular while the main genetic material of the Eukaryotic cells are not. True False
True
The membrane bound organelles and the nuclear envelope of eukaryotes all resemble the cytoplasmic plasma membranes. True False
True
When a bacterium with flagella rotates them in a consistent fashion the organism performs a run. When the organism changes the direction of the flagella, the organism performs a tumble. True False
True
____________ transport requires ATP and moves solute across the concentration gradient.
active
This type of glycocalyx is found on the surface of some bacterial cells and many times allows for the bacterium to go unnoticed by the host.
capsule
Strepto
chains
Movement of organelles and vesicles within eukaryotic cells is accomplished by the ____________________. This is the same structure in bacterial cells that helps hold the cells shape.
cytoskeleton
The liquid potion of the cytoplasm is called the ______________
cytosol
Diplo
double/pairs
As a defense strategy, some bacteria produce an _______________ which allow for them to resist radiation, heat, and many chemicals until the environment becomes more favorable.
endospore
A bacterium is having trouble moving like it had been able to previously. What structure composed of a basal body, hook, and filament is likely to be malfunctioning?
flagellum
The plasma membrane is made of phospholipids and is embedded with proteins and cholesterols. These proteins and cholesterols have the ability to move laterally in this membrane and the membrane has the ability to be flexible. This is known as the "____________ mosaic" model of the plasma membrane.
fluid
Many bacteial cells have a sticky substance on the outside of their cells called the
glycocalyx
Where (which organelle) would vesicles go once they have left the endoplasmic reticulum?
golgi
Staphylo
grape-like clusters
The fimbriae-like structures in archaeans that contain hooks are called __________________.
hami
In eukaryotes, the _______________ produces ATP, the energy molecules of the cell through a process known as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.
mitochondria
The region of the bacterial cell where the DNA is found is called the _______________ region.
nucleoid
___________ flagella are flagella that protrude in all directions from the bacterial cell.
peritrichous
This type of glycocalyx is found on the suface of some bacteial cells and is water soluble.
slime layer
Cocci
spherical bacteria
A bacterium's ability to respond to stimuli is known as _____________
taxis (chemo or photo)
A ______________ of polar flagellum means that the bacteium has a single flagellum that is extending from one end of the organism but the flagellum branches like a tree distal to the organism.
tuft
