BIOL 348 Chap 5

In which areas do adult males tend to primarily accumulate subcutaneous fat?

All of the choices are correct.

Keratinocytes are

All of the choices are correct.

What is the composition of the subcutaneous layer?

Areolar connective tissue and adipose connective tissue

From deep to superficial, the order of the strata of the epidermis is

Basale - spinosum - granulosum - lucidum - corneum

In which areas do adult females tend to accumulate subcutaneous fat?

Breasts, buttocks, hips, thighs

Which skin markings usually disappear during childhood?

Capillary hemangiomas

________ glands are modified sweat glands located only in the external ear canal.

Ceruminous

Which is the result of oxygen deficiency in the blood?

Cyanosis

Dermal papillae are more superficial than epidermal ridges.

False

During aging of the integumentary system, sweat production increases as a result of improved sweat gland activity.

False

The reason for the reddish tint seen in lightly pigmented skin is the molecule formed by the combination of oxygen and melanin.

False

The subcutaneous layer, or hypodermis, is one of the two parts of the integument.

False

The thickness of the skin as a cover is consistent throughout the body.

False

When the body is cold and needs to conserve heat, the blood vessels in the dermis dilate to allow for more blood flow in that region.

False

During the development of the fetus, which must be present before hair can form?

Hair follicles

_________ perspiration is the release of water vapor from sweat glands under "normal" conditions when one is not sweating.

Insensible

Which is the result of increased levels of bilirubin in the blood?

Jaundice

The epidermis is a __________ epithelium.

Keratinized stratified squamous

_______ is a fine, unpigmented, downy hair that first appears on the fetus in the last trimester of development.

Lanugo

The actively growing part of the nail is the

Nail matrix

Which is not a function of the integument?

No exceptions; all are functions of the integument

Where on the human body is the hair thick enough to retain heat?

Scalp

Which type of hair forms the beard on the faces of males?

Terminal

A surgeon would prefer to do an incision parallel to a cleavage line.

True

Although sweat and sebaceous glands develop from the stratum basale of the epidermis, they eventually burrow and remain in the underlying dermis.

True

Carotene, a pigment that contributes to skin color, is acquired in the body by eating various yellow- orange vegetables.

True

During the fetal period, sebum from the sebaceous glands mixes with the cells of the sloughed off periderm to form the vernix caseosa.

True

Melanocyte cytoplasmic processes transfer pigment granules into stratum basale keratinocytes; these pigment granules shield the nuclear DNA from UV radiation.

True

Most of the nail body appears pink because of the blood in the underlying capillaries.

True

Nails, hair, and sweat and sebaceous glands are all derived from the epidermis.

True

The ability of the components of the integumentary system to respond to stress or trauma is independent of nervous or endocrine system control.

True

The epidermal dendritic cells are able to play an important immune response role by their phagocytic activity.

True

The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.

True

The sebaceous gland secretion called sebum has bactericidal properties.

True

The skin consists of different tissue types that perform specific activities and therefore is to be considered an organ.

True

The reason a human may be paler when exposed to cold temperatures is

Vasoconstriction has occurred

Which actions happen in the stratum granulosum?

a, b, c, d

Which are applicable to the stratum corneum?

a, c, d, e

The secretion of the ceruminous glands forms

a: Cerumen with sebum and exfoliated keratinocytes b: Cerumen, which is waterproof c: Cerumen, which traps small insects d: Cerumen, which lubricates the eardrum

Which of these are functions of hair?

a: Sensory reception b: Heat retention c: Pheromone dispersal d: Protection e: Visual identification

Among the components of the dermis are

a: sweat glands b: hair follicles c: collagen fibers d: sensory nerve endings e: arrector pili muscles

Generally, people have ________ number of melanocytes ______________.

about the same; no matter where they live

Thinning of the hair is called ________.

alopecia

The mammary glands of the breasts are modified ______ sweat glands.

apocrine

The secretion of ________ sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and rich in proteins and lipids.

apocrine

The structure responsible for pulling on the follicle and causing "goose bumps" is the

arrector pili muscle.

The stratum basale attaches to an underlying _______ membrane that separates the epidermis from the adjacent dermis.

basement

The condition in which the skin appears golden brown as a result of Addison Disease is called

bronzing

Nails are hard derivatives formed from the stratum ______ of the epidermis.

corneum

Another name for the skin is the _________ membrane.

cutaneous

The skin's immune responsiveness will be diminished by a decrease in the number of epidermal _________ cells.

dendritic

The reticular layer of the dermis consists primarily of

dense irregular connective tissue.

Blood capillaries that supply nourishment for the epidermis are located in the

dermal papillae.

The scientific study and treatment of the integumentary system is called ________.

dermatology

Collagen fibers impart tensile strength to our skin while ______ fibers allow for some stretch and contraction in the dermis during movement.

elastic

The greatest risk factor for skin cancer is

exposure to UV light rays.

In response to severe injuries or burns, the body may repair itself by producing scar tissue to fill the damaged area. This process is called _______.

fibrosis

Number 1 is pointing to the

free edge

Which of these comprise the nail plate?

free edge, nail root, nail body

The police science of fingerprinting takes advantage of the unique pattern of ________ ridges found on human fingers, toes, palms, and soles.

friction

Number 5 indicates a(n)

hair follicle.

A _______ is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to blood vessels that proliferate and form a benign tumor.

hemangioma

A ________ is a bruise that is visible through the skin.

hematoma

Epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells function as part of the ______ response.

immune

A ________ is an accumulation of excess scar tissue caused by collagen formation during healing.

keloid

The stratum _______ is only found in thick skin, such as the skin covering the palms and soles.

lucidum

Hair production involves a specialized type of keratinization that occurs in the hair ______.

matrix

Skin color results from a combination of

melanin, hemoglobin, carotene

Freckles are the result of

melanocyte activity, genetic inheritance, and sun exposure.

The dermis is derived from mesoderm, but prior to the formation of the components of the dermis the mesoderm layer forms a connective tissue layer called _________.

mesenchyme

Which are correct concerning thick skin?

more limited in distribution, thickness ranges from 0.4 to 0.6 millimeters, has sweat glands.

The cells that contract and squeeze sweat glands causing them to discharge their accumulated secretions are called __________ cells.

myoepithelial

A ______, also called a mole, is a harmless, localized overgrowth of melanin-forming cells.

nevus

The epidermal ridges and dermal ________ increase the area of contact between the epidermis and dermis to help connect these layers.

papillae

The function of melanin in the skin is to

protect against UV light.

Among the uses of the yellow-orange pigment carotene is/are

provide coloration, precursor to vitamin A, reduce potentially dangerous molecules, improve immune cell number and activity

Sudoriferous glands and ______ glands are examples of exocrine glands in the skin.

sebaceous

Sebaceous glands discharge an oily, waxy secretion called _______.

sebum

Another name for sweating is ________ perspiration.

sensible

The part of the hair that extends beyond the skin surface is called the

shaft.

The stratum _________ derives its name from the spiny appearance of the "bridges" that connect neighboring cells.

spinosum

Sweat gland secretion occurs in response to stimulation by the _______ division of the nervous system.

sympathetic

Tactile (Merkel) cells are sensitive to

touch.

When the body is too warm, dermal blood vessels will undergo _______ in order to increase heat loss.

vasodilation

Fine hair called _________, which is unpigmented or lightly pigmented, is the primary human hair and is found on the upper and lower limbs.

vellus

Caused by the human papillomavirus, a ______ is a roughened projection from the surface of the skin.

wart

Which are found in sweat?

water, sodium, metabolites, waste products

The growth rate for a scalp hair is about _______ per day for 18 months to 7 years, and then the hair becomes dormant.

1/3 mm

Fingernails and toenails start to form in the ______ week of development.

10th

The cells of the hair follicle walls are organized into ______ (number) principal concentric layers.

2

Which number indicates a hair follicle?

2

Which number indicates the reticular layer of the dermis?

2

There are ______ recognizable zones along the length of a hair.

3

Which number indicates the lunula?

3

Which number indicates a dermal papilla?

4

Which number indicates the eponychium?

4

Which number indicates an apocrine sweat gland?

5

Which describes the skin's form and function?

All correct. Barrier, indicator of health, washable, self renewing.

Why is the dermis richly innervated?

All correct. Control blood flow, glandular secretion, sensory reception

Among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin is

All of the choices are correct.