BIOL 411 - Quiz 3

What is the end result of activating the MAP kinase pathway?

A change in gene expression

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is an example of a(n):

second messenger

Of the choices below, what is the MOST likely reason that paracrine signaling does not activate the cell that is producing the signaling molecule?

The cell does not have the proper receptor

Which of the following statements about mammalian skin is incorrect?

A specialized form of extracellular matrix, called the basal lamina, underlies the dermis and separates it from tissues below

Microtubules increase in length:

All of these choices are correct >By growing outward from the centrosome >If free tubulin dimers are available >In cycles, following rapid depolymerization >More quickly at one end than the other

Why are the ends of microfilaments and microtubules called "plus ends" and "minus ends"?

Because monomers are added more quickly to one end (the "plus" end) than they are to the other end (the "minus" end)

Which of the following types of cell signaling generally occurs between cells that are distant from each other?

Endocrine

T/F: Keratinocytes are pigment cells contained in the epidermis of skin

False

Which type of protein adds a phosphate group to another molecule?

Kinase

Which of the following enable(s) the movement of cells?

Microtubules and microfilaments

Which one of the following statements about connective tissue is TRUE?

None of the other answers options is correct >Connective tissue is very cell dense >Connective tissue lacks a strong extracellular matrix >Cells composing connective tissue typically have microvilli >Connective tissue cells are typically multinucleate

You strip off all proteins on the cell surface by using a protease (an enzyme that destroys proteins). Now, when you add a specific signaling molecule, the cell still responds. Why is this?

The receptor is in the interior of the cell

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about the motor proteins myosin and kinesin?

They both move along microtubules

The basal lamina is:

a specialized form of the extracellular matrix found beneath all epithelial tissues

The FIRST step following PDGF binding of the receptor is:

dimerization

Cell signaling over a long distance is known as _______ signaling

endocrine

The cytoskeleton of animal cells includes:

microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

Growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor, function in ______ signaling

paracrine

The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on:

the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ