BIOL2401 Ch.11- Muscular System: Axial and Appendicular Muscles
In general, muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh tend to ______.
adduct the thigh at the hip joint flex the leg at the knee joint
The pectoralis major is an ______ of the arm.
adductor
Which are muscles of the medial thigh compartment?
adductor brevis Pectineus Gracilis Adductor magnus Obturator externus Adductor longus
When the triceps brachii extends the elbow, its action is considered to be that of which of the following?
agonist
Skeletal muscles are grouped according to their primary actions into which of the following three types?
agonists synergists antagonists
The extensor digitorum longus is on the ______ side of the leg.
anterior
The pectoralis minor muscle is a(n) ______ thoracic muscle.
anterior
Which of the following best describes the location of the pectoralis major?
anterior of body, covers superior portion of thorax
During exhalation, muscles of respiration ______.
decrease the space of the thoracic cavity
The muscles of the thenar and hypothenar group form fleshy masses, each called a(n) ______, a term given to a circumscribed area raised above the general level of the surrounding surface.
eminence
Which of the following is/are functions of the intrinsic muscles of the foot?
flex and extend the toes abduct and adduct the toes support the arches
In general, muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh tend to ______.
flex the leg at the knee joint extend the thigh at the hip joint
When the iliacus contracts, the thigh is ______.
flexed
When the psoas major contracts, the thigh is ______.
flexed
Which of the following best summarizes the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur when the pectoralis major contracts?
flexion, adduction, medial rotation
In addition to the compartments, muscles in two other groups move the hip joint/thigh, the ______.
gluteal group and deep muscles of the gluteal region
Which of the following are the muscles of the gluteal group of the posterior thigh?
gluteus maximus gluteus medius gluteus minimus
During inspiration, muscles of respiration ______.
increase the space of the thoracic cavity
Muscles of the anterior neck that are inferior to the hyoid bone are called ______ muscles.
infrahyoid
The ______ muscles of the foot move the toes.
intrinsic
The serratus anterior differs from the subclavius and pectoralis minor in that ______.
it inferiorly attaches to the anterior of the thorax, but it superiorly attaches to the posterior of the thorax
Compartments in the forearm contain muscles with similar ______.
origins actions at the wrist joint
The major is the principal flexor of the arm.
pectoralis
Which muscles move the glenohumeral joint and originate on the axial skeleton?
pectoralis major latissimus dorsi
The ______ depresses the scapula.
pectoralis minor
The anterior thoracic muscle that protracts and depresses the scapula is the ______.
pectoralis minor
The anterior thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle are the ______.
pectoralis minor serratus anterior subclavius
The ______ is formed by three layers of muscles and associated fasciae.
pelvic diaphragm
Which of the following are the deep muscles of the gluteal region?
piriformis superior gemellus quadratus femoris inferior gemellus obturator internus
The "hamstrings" are muscles of the ______ compartment of the thigh.
posterior
The biceps femoris is on the ______ side of the thigh.
posterior
The semitendinosus is on the ______ side of the thigh.
posterior
The serratus anterior helps to stabilize the scapula against the ______ side of the rib cage.
posterior
Which of the following best describes the location of the latissimus dorsi?
posterior of body, inferior part of the back
The pectoralis minor is an example of a muscle that Blank______ the scapula.
protracts.
When an appendicular muscle is contracting, the less moveable muscle attachment is usually the ______ attachment.
proximal
Which are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
psoas major rectus femoris sartorius iliacus
The temporalis muscle ______ the mandible.
retracts
What are some terms used in naming muscles according to shape?
rhomboid trapezius deltoid
When the gluteus minimus contracts, the thigh is ______.
rotated medially abducted
Contraction of the deep muscles of the gluteal region results in ______.
rotation of the thigh
Contraction of the superficial muscles in the gluteal region results in Blank______.
rotation of the thigh abduction of the thigh
A circular muscle is also called a(n) ______.
sphincter
Usually during axial muscle contraction, the more moveable muscle attachment, the ______ attachment is pulled toward the less moveable muscle attachment.
superior
The serratus anterior ______.
superiorly rotates the scapula stabilizes the scapula
In addition to its role in the compartmentalization of the thigh, the fasciae latae ______.
supports and binds the thigh muscles
The muscles of the anterior neck that are superior to the hyoid bone are called ______.
suprahyoid muscles
The process of chewing is called
mastication
Which term refers to the process of chewing?
mastication
Muscles of the compartment of the thigh adduct the thigh.
medial
Which muscle adducts the eye?
medial rectus
Identify the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the pectoralis major.
medial rotation of the arm adduction of the arm flexion of the arm
What are some terms used in naming muscles according to orientation of fascicles?
oblique rectus
Compartments in the forearm ______.
-Contain functionally related muscles -Contain nerves and blood vessels of the forearm muscles -Are defined by partitions formed by deep fascia
Contraction of the medial muscles of the thigh results in ______.
-Extension of the thigh -Flexion of the thigh -Adduction of the thigh -Lateral rotation of the thigh
Compartments of the thigh ______.
-Include blood vessels and nerves for a single compartment -Include muscles with similar actions -Are anatomically defined by the fascia latae
The glenohumeral joint is crossed by ______ muscles.
11
Which of the following summarizes the movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the latissimus dorsi?
Extension, adduction, medial rotation
Why is the forearm larger near the elbow than it is near the wrist?
The bellies of the forearm muscles that move the wrist are located near the elbow; the tendons of these muscles extend toward the wrist.
The buccinator muscle ______.
Thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips.
The tensor fasciae latae is a muscle in the lateral thigh compartment.
True
True or false: All anterior muscles that move the pectoral girdle are deep to other thoracic muscles.
True
True or false: The subclavius is inferior to the clavicle.
True
Anatomically, muscles that move the pectoral girdle are classified as ______.
anterior or posterior thoracic
Which of the following identifies the compartments of the thigh?
anterior, posterior, lateral, medial
Which muscles flex the forearm?
biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis
The orbicularis oris muscle is an example of a ______ muscle.
circular
When your shoulders are hunched forward, the pectoralis muscle is ______.
contracting
Which muscle group maintains a person's posture and helps the individual to stand erect?
erector spinae
The muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh flex the thigh and ______ the knee.
extend
The hamstring group of muscles ______ the thigh and ______ the leg.
extend, flex
When any one or all of the posterior muscles of the hamstring group are contracted, the thigh is ______.
extended
Contraction of gluteal muscles results in ______.
extension of thigh
The functions of the erector spinae muscles include ______.
extension of vertebral column lateral flexion of vertebral column maintenance of posture
Most muscles in the forearm are called ______ muscles of the hand and wrist because these muscles arise from the forearm, not the wrist or hand.
extrinsic
Which correctly describes the location of the pectoralis minor?
it is deep to the pectoralis major
Which of the following best describes the location of the serratus anterior?
it is located between the anterior surface of the ribs and the anterior surface of the scapula
Which of the following best describe(s) the actions of the subclavius?
it stabilizes the clavicle it depresses the clavicle
Unilateral contraction of the erector spinae muscles causes ______.
lateral flexion of the vertebral column
The dorsi is also called the "swimmer's muscle."
latissimus
The prime mover of the extension of the arm is the ______.
latissimus dorsi
Which is a prime mover of the glenohumeral joint?
latissimus dorsi
The prime movers of the glenohumeral joint are the ______.
latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major
The hypothenar group forms a small fleshy mass at the base of the ______.
little finger
Which muscle compresses the cheek against the teeth, as in chewing, when it contracts?
the buccinator muscle
Which of the following are considered muscles of mastication?
the lateral pterygoid muscle the medial pterygoid muscle the masseter muscle the temporalis muscle
The muscles that retract the scapula are the ______.
trapezius and rhomboids (minor and major)
Which muscles extend the forearm?
triceps brachii, anconeus
True or false: The temporalis is considered a muscle of mastication.
true
