Biology 1 2016, Quiz 1

Bryophytes may feature all of the following at some time during their existence except A) microphylls. B) rhizoids. C) archegonia. D) sporangia. E) placental transfer cells.

A) microphylls.

The following are common to both charophytes and land plants except A) sporopollenin. B) lignin. C) chlorophyll a. D) cellulose. E) chlorophyll b.

B) lignin.

The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is A) Light energy. B) Kinetic energy. C) Thermal energy. D) Chemical energy. E) ATP.

A) Light energy.

Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which Darwin's theory of natural selection is based? A) Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring. B) There is heritable variation among individuals. C) Because of overproduction of offspring, there is competition for limited resources. D) Individuals whose inherited characteristics best fit them to the environment will generally produce more offspring. E) A population can become adapted to its environment.

A) Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring.

In terms of hierarchical organization of life, a bacterium is at the _____ level of organization, whereas a human is at the _____ level of organization. A) Single-celled organism; multicellular organism B) Single organelle; organism C) Organelle; organ system D) Single tissue; multicellular organism E) Tissue; organism

A) Single-celled organism; multicellular organism

For most ecosystems ____ is (are) the ultimate source of energy, and energy leaves the ecosystem in the form of ____. A) Sunlight; heat B) Heat; light C) Plants; animals D) Plants; heat E) Producers; consumers

A) Sunlight; heat

A number of characteristics are very similar between charophytes and members of the kingdom Plantae. Of the following, which characteristic does not provide evidence for a close evolutionary relationship between these two groups? A) alternation of generations B) chloroplast structure C) cell plate formation during cytokinesis D) sperm cell structure E) ribosomal RNA nucleotide sequences

A) alternation of generations

Which of these was not derived from an ancestral alpha proteobacterium? A) chloroplast B) mitochondrion C) hydrogenosome D) mitosome E) kinetoplast

A) chloroplast

Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes which of the following more possible? A) increase of the above-ground stem. B) decreased absorption of mineral nutrients. C) increased absorption of CO2. D) increased number of chloroplasts in roots. E) effective lateral growth of the stem.

A) increase of the above-ground stem.

The following are all adaptations to life on land except A) rosette cellulose-synthesizing complexes. B) cuticles. C) tracheids. D) reduced gametophyte generation. E) seeds.

A) rosette cellulose-synthesizing complexes.

Plant spores are produced directly by A) sporophytes. B) gametes. C) gametophytes. D) gametangia. E) seeds.

A) sporophytes.

The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known as A) technology. B) deductive science. C) inductive science. D) anthropologic science. E) pure science.

A) technology.

transport of water, minerals, and nutrients A) tracheids and phloem B) secondary compounds C) cuticle D) alternation of generations

A) tracheids and phloem

Which two genera have members that can evade the human immune system by frequently changing their surface proteins? 1. Plasmodium 2. Trichomonas 3. Paramecium 4. Trypanosoma 5. Entamoeba A) 1 and 2 B) 1 and 4 C) 2 and 3 D) 2 and 4 E) 4 and 5

B) 1 and 4

A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a cell wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification? A) Eukarya B) Archaea C) Animalia D) Protista E) Fungi

B) Archaea

Which of the following is a true statement about plant reproduction? A) "Embryophytes" are small because they are in an early developmental stage. B) Both male and female bryophytes produce gametangia. C) Gametangia protect gametes from excess water. D) Eggs and sperm of bryophytes swim toward one another. E) Bryophytes are limited to asexual reproduction.

B) Both male and female bryophytes produce gametangia.

Which taxon is essentially equivalent to the "embryophytes"? A) Viridiplantae B) Plantae C) Pterophyta D) Bryophyta E) Charophycea

B) Plantae

Which of the following statements concerning prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is not correct? A) Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus. B) Prokaryotic cells contain small membrane-enclosed organelles. C) Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus. D) DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. E) DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

B) Prokaryotic cells contain small membrane-enclosed organelles.

Which of the following statements is true of archegonia? A) They are the sites where male gametes are produced. B) They may temporarily contain sporophyte embryos. C) They are the same as sporangia. D) They are the ancestral versions of animal gonads. E) They are asexual reproductive structures.

B) They may temporarily contain sporophyte embryos.

Which of the following taxa includes the largest amount of genetic diversity among plantlike organisms? A) Embryophyta B) Viridiplantae C) Plantae D) Charophyceae E) Tracheophyta

B) Viridiplantae

1) All the organisms on your campus make up A) an ecosystem. B) a community. C) a population. D) an experimental group. E) a taxonomic domain.

B) a community.

What is a hypothesis? A) the same thing as an unproven theory B) a tentative explanation that can be tested and is falsifiable C) a verifiable observation sensed directly, or sensed indirectly with the aid of scientific instrumentation D) a fact based on qualitative data that is testable E) a fact based on quantitative data that is falsifiable

B) a tentative explanation that can be tested and is falsifiable

Which of the following is a secondary compound of embryophytes? A) adenosine triphosphate B) alkaloids C) GDP D) chlorophyll a E) chlorophyll b

B) alkaloids

Which of these individuals is most likely to be successful in an evolutionary sense? A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill B) an organism that dies after 5 days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers 1 offspring D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves 2 offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces 1 offspring

B) an organism that dies after 5 days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce

Which of these statements is false and therefore does not support the hypothesis that certain eukaryotic organelles originated as bacterial endosymbionts? Such organelles A) are roughly the same size as bacteria. B) can be cultured on agar, because they make all their own proteins. C) contain circular DNA molecules. D) have ribosomes that are similar to those of bacteria. E) have internal membranes that contain proteins homologous to those of bacterial plasma membranes.

B) can be cultured on agar, because they make all their own proteins.

The lowest level of biological organization that can perform all the activities required for life is the A) organelle-for example, a chloroplast. B) cell-for example, a skin cell. C) tissue-for example, nervous tissue. D) organ system-for example, the reproductive system. E) organism-for example, an amoeba, dog, human, or maple tree.

B) cell-for example, a skin cell.

Which of these taxa contains species that produce potent toxins that can cause extensive fish kills, contaminate shellfish, and poison humans? A) red algae B) dinoflagellates C) diplomonads D) euglenids E) golden algae

B) dinoflagellates

The method of scientific inquiry that describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation and the analysis of data is known as A) hypothesis-based science. B) discovery science. C) experimental science. D) quantitative science. E) qualitative science.

B) discovery science.

17) Which of the following is reflective of the phrase "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts"? A) high-throughput technology B) emergent properties C) natural selection D) reductionism E) feedback regulations

B) emergent properties

Protists are alike in that all are A) unicellular. B) eukaryotic. C) symbionts. D) monophyletic. E) autotrophic.

B) eukaryotic.

Species that are in the same __________ are more closely related than species that are only in the same __________. A) phylum; class B) family; order C) class; order D) family; genus E) kingdom; phylum

B) family; order

) According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, how did mitochondria originate? A) from infoldings of the plasma membrane, coupled with mutations of genes for proteins in energy-transfer reactions B) from engulfed, originally free-living prokaryotes C) by secondary endosymbiosis D) from the nuclear envelope folding outward and forming mitochondrial membranes E) when a protoeukaryote engaged in a symbiotic relationship with a protobiont

B) from engulfed, originally free-living prokaryotes

In a hypothetical world, every 50 years people over 6 feet tall are eliminated from the population. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average height of the human population will A) remain unchanged. B) gradually decline. C) rapidly decline. D) gradually increase. E) rapidly increase.

B) gradually decline.

Which process allowed the nucleomorphs of chlorarachniophytes to be first reduced, and then (in a few species) lost altogether, without the loss of any genetic information? A) conjugation B) horizontal gene transfer C) binary fission D) phagocytosis E) meiosis

B) horizontal gene transfer

A controlled experiment is one that A) proceeds slowly enough that a scientist can make careful records of the results. B) may include experimental groups and control groups tested in parallel. C) is repeated many times to make sure the results are accurate. D) keeps all environmental variables constant. E) is supervised by an experienced scientist.

B) may include experimental groups and control groups tested in parallel.

The strongest evidence for the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotic organelles is the similarity between extant prokaryotes and which of the following? A) nuclei and chloroplasts B) mitochondria and chloroplasts C) cilia and mitochondria D) mitochondria and nuclei E) mitochondria and cilia

B) mitochondria and chloroplasts

The Irish potato famine was caused by an organism that belongs to which group? A) ciliates B) oomycetes C) diatoms D) apicomplexans E) dinoflagellates

B) oomycetes

Some green algae exhibit alternation of generations. All land plants exhibit alternation of generations. No charophytes exhibit alternation of generations. Keeping in mind the recent evidence from molecular systematics, the correct interpretation of these observations is that A) charophytes are not related to either green algae or land plants. B) plants evolved alternation of generations independently of green algae. C) alternation of generations cannot be beneficial to charophytes. D) land plants evolved directly from the green algae that perform alternation of generations. E) scientists have no evidence to indicate whether or not land plants evolved from any kind of alga.

B) plants evolved alternation of generations independently of green algae.

Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of A) a bioinformatic system. B) positive feedback. C) negative feedback. D) feedback inhibition. E) enzymatic catalysis.

B) positive feedback.

protection from predators A) tracheids and phloem B) secondary compounds C) cuticle D) alternation of generations

B) secondary compounds

Whereas the zygotes of charophytes may remain within maternal tissues during their initial development, one should not expect to observe A) any nutrients from maternal tissues being used by the zygotes. B) specialized placental transfer cells surrounding the zygotes. C) the zygotes undergoing nuclear division. D) mitochondria in the maternal tissues, or in the tissues of the zygotes. E) the zygotes digested by enzymes from maternal lysosomes.

B) specialized placental transfer cells surrounding the zygotes.

A biologist discovers a new unicellullar organism that possesses more than two flagella and two small, but equal-sized, nuclei. The organism has reduced mitochondria (mitosomes), no chloroplasts, and is anaerobic. To which clade does this organism probably belong? A) monera B) the diplomonads C) the ciliates D) protista E) the euglenids

B) the diplomonads

Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life? A) the ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems B) the universality of the genetic code C) the structure of the nucleus D) the structure of cilia E) the structure of chloroplasts

B) the universality of the genetic code

Each of the following is a general characteristic of bryophytes except A) a cellulose cell wall. B) vascular tissue. C) chlorophylls a and b. D) being photosynthetic autotrophs. E) being eukaryotic.

B) vascular tissue.

Life is diverse. How many species are estimated to be presently on the earth? A) 1,800 B) 180,000 C) 1,800,000 D) 18,000,000 E) 180,000,000

C) 1,800,000

Beginning with the germination of a moss spore, what is the sequence of structures that develop after germination? 1. embryo 2. gametes 3. sporophyte 4. protonema 5. gametophore A) 4 →1 → 3 → 5 → 2 B) 4 → 3 → 5 → 2 → 1 C) 4 → 5 → 2 → 1 → 3 D) 3 → 4 → 5 → 2 → 1 E) 3 → 1 → 4 → 5 → 2

C) 4 → 5 → 2 → 1 → 3

All of the following statements are part of Charles Darwin's concept of natural selection except A) Slight inheritable variations within a population may make an individual significantly more or less likely to survive in its environment, and thus to reproduce. B) Every organism has the potential to produce more offspring than the local environment can support. C) Characteristics of organisms are inherited as genes on chromosomes. D) Better adapted members of a species will survive and reproduce more successfully. E) Most individuals in a species do not survive to reproduce.

C) Characteristics of organisms are inherited as genes on chromosomes.

Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science? A) Theories are hypotheses that have been proved. B) Hypotheses are guesses; theories are correct answers. C) Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power. D) Hypotheses and theories are essentially the same thing. E) Theories are proved true in all cases; hypotheses are usually falsified by tests.

C) Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power.

Why is the filamentous morphology of the water molds considered a case of convergent evolution with the hyphae (threads) of fungi? A) Fungi are closely related to the water molds. B) Body shape reflects ancestor-descendant relationships among organisms. C) In both cases, filamentous shape is an adaptation for the absorptive nutritional mode of a decomposer. D) Filamentous body shape is evolutionarily ancestral for all eukaryotes. E) Both A and B are correct.

C) In both cases, filamentous shape is an adaptation for the absorptive nutritional mode of a decomposer.

An individual mixotroph loses its plastids, yet continues to survive. Which of the following most likely accounts for its continued survival? A) It relies on photosystems that float freely in its cytosol. B) It must have gained extra mitochondria when it lost its plastids. C) It engulfs organic material by phagocytosis or by absorption. D) It has an endospore. E) It is protected by a siliceous case.

C) It engulfs organic material by phagocytosis or by absorption.

Which of these is a correct representation of the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to most complex? A) Organelle of a stomach cell, digestive system, large intestine, small intestine, intestinal tissue, organism B) Organelle of an intestinal cell, digestive system, small intestine, large intestine, intestinal tissue, organism C) Molecule, intestinal cell organelle, intestinal cell, intestinal tissue, digestive system, organism D) Molecule, small intestine, large intestine, intestinal tissue, digestive system, organism E) Molecule, digestive system, digestive cell organelle, small intestine, large intestine, intestinal cell, organism

C) Molecule, intestinal cell organelle, intestinal cell, intestinal tissue, digestive system, organism

A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a A) Biosystem B) Community C) Population D) Ecosystem E) Family

C) Population

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data? A) The temperature decreased from 20°C to 15°C. B) The plant's height is 25 centimeters (cm). C) The fish swam in a zig-zag motion. D) The six pairs of robins hatched an average of three chicks. E) The contents of the stomach are mixed every 20 seconds.

C) The fish swam in a zig-zag motion.

Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight into A) The energy of motion. B) Carbon dioxide and water. C) The potential energy of chemical bonds. D) Oxygen. E) Kinetic Energy.

C) The potential energy of chemical bonds.

Which of the following is not characteristic of ciliates? A) They use cilia as locomotory structures or as feeding structures. B) They are relatively complex cells. C) They can exchange genetic material with other ciliates by the process of mitosis. D) Most live as solitary cells in fresh water. E) They have two or more nuclei.

C) They can exchange genetic material with other ciliates by the process of mitosis.

Which of the following characteristics, if observed in an unidentified green organism, would make it unlikely to be a charophyte? A) phragmoplast B) peroxisome C) apical meristem D) chlorophylls a and b E) rosette cellulose-synthesizing complex

C) apical meristem

Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope? A) animal B) plant C) archaea D) fungi E) protists

C) archaea

In animal cells and in the meristem cells of land plants, the nuclear envelope disintegrates during mitosis. This disintegration does not occur in the cells of most protists and fungi. According to our current knowledge of plant evolution, which group of organisms should feature mitosis most similar to that of land plants? A) unicellular green algae B) cyanobacteria C) charophytes D) red algae E) multicellular green algae

C) charophytes

The most recent common ancestor of all land plants was probably similar to modern-day members of which group? A) green algae B) red algae C) charophytes D) brown algae E) angiosperms

C) charophytes

You are given an unknown organism to identify. It is unicellular and heterotrophic. It is motile, using many short extensions of the cytoplasm, each featuring the 9+2 filament pattern. It has well-developed organelles and three nuclei, one large and two small. This organism is most likely to be a member of which group? A) foraminiferans B) radiolarians C) ciliates D) kinetoplastids E) slime molds

C) ciliates

Systems biology is mainly an attempt to A) understand the integration of all levels of biological organization from molecules to the biosphere. B) simplify complex problems by reducing the system into smaller, less complex units. C) construct models of the behavior of entire biological systems. D) build high-throughput machines for the rapid acquisition of biological data. E) speed up the technological application of scientific knowledge.

C) construct models of the behavior of entire biological systems.

protection from desiccation A) tracheids and phloem B) secondary compounds C) cuticle D) alternation of generations

C) cuticle

Which group includes members that are important primary producers in ocean food webs, causes red tides that kill many fish, and may even be carnivorous? A) ciliates B) apicomplexans C) dinoflagellates D) brown algae E) golden algae

C) dinoflagellates

) observation is an example of __________; analyzing this data to reach a conclusion is an example of __________ reasoning. A) hypothesis-based science; inductive B) the process of science; deductive C) discovery science; inductive D) descriptive science; deductive E) hypothesis-based science; deductive

C) discovery science; inductive

A type of protein critical to all cells is organic catalysts called A) feedback activators. B) feedback inhibitors. C) enzymes. D) metabolites. E) nutrients.

C) enzymes.

Which of these is reflective of the hierarchical organization of life from most to least inclusive? A) kingdom, order, family, phylum, class, genus, species B) phylum, class, order, kingdom, family, genus, species C) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species D) genus, species, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family E) class, order, kingdom, phylum, family, genus, species

C) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Bryophytes have all of the following characteristics except A) multicellularity. B) specialized cells and tissues. C) lignified vascular tissue. D) walled spores in sporangia. E) a reduced, dependent sporophyte.

C) lignified vascular tissue.

When blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin, and as a result blood glucose level declines. When blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon, and as a result blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of blood glucose level is the result of A) catalytic feedback. B) positive feedback. C) negative feedback. D) bioinformatic regulation. E) protein-protein interactions.

C) negative feedback.

Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because A) protists eat bacteria. B) bacteria are not made of cells. C) protists have a membrane-bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack. D) bacteria decompose protists. E) protists are photosynthetic.

C) protists have a membrane-bounded nucleus, which bacterial cells lack.

In order to understand the chemical basis of inheritance, one must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of __________ to the study of biology. A) evolution B) emergent properties C) reductionism D) the cell theory E) feedback regulation

C) reductionism

) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common? A) a membrane-bounded nucleus B) a cell wall made of cellulose C) ribosomes D) flagella or cilia that contain microtubules E) linear chromosomes made of DNA and protein

C) ribosomes

The leaflike appendages of moss gametophytes may be one- to two-cell-layers thick. Consequently, which of these is least likely to be found associated with such appendages? A) cuticle B) rosette cellulose-synthesizing complexes C) stomata D) peroxisomes E) phenolics

C) stomata

Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms? A) informatics B) schematic biology C) taxonomy D) genomics E) evolution

C) taxonomy

Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all organisms? A) matching DNA nucleotide sequences B) descent with modification C) the structure and function of DNA D) natural selection E) emergent properties

C) the structure and function of DNA

A controlled experiment is one in which A) the experiment is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate. B) the experiment proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe all reactions and process all experimental data. C) there are at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment. D) there are at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables. E) there is one group for which the scientist controls all variables.

C) there are at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment.

A common form of regulation in which accumulation of an end product of a process slows that process is called positive feedback.

FALSE

Assuming that they all belong to the same plant, arrange the following structures from smallest to largest. 1. antheridia 2. gametes 3. gametophytes 4 .gametangia A) 1, 4, 3, 2 B) 3, 1, 2, 4 C) 3, 4, 2, 1 D) 3, 4, 1, 2 E) 4, 3, 1, 2

D) 3, 4, 1, 2

Which of the following is a false statement regarding DNA? A) Each chromosome has one very long DNA molecule with hundreds of thousands of genes B) Every cell is enclosed by a membrane C) Every cell uses DNA as its genetic information D) All forms of life are composed of cells that have a membrane-enclosed nucleus E) DNA is the unit of inheritance that is transmitted from parent to offspring

D) All forms of life are composed of cells that have a membrane-enclosed nucleus

A theory in science is equivalent in scope to a well-structured hypothesis.

FALSE

Which of the following best describes the logic of hypothesis-based science? A) If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it. B) If my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis. C) If my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis. D) If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results. E) If my experiments are set up right, they will lead to a testable hypothesis.

D) If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results.

Which statement regarding resistance is false? A) Many of the oomycetes that cause potato late blight have become resistant to pesticides. B) Many of the mosquitoes that transmit malaria to humans have become resistant to pesticides. C) Many of the malarial parasites have become resistant to antimalarial drugs. D) Many humans have become resistant to antimalarial drugs. E) Trichomonas vaginalis is resistant to the normal acidity of the human vagina.

D) Many humans have become resistant to antimalarial drugs.

Charles Darwin presented verifiable evidence that supported the view that life can arise by spontaneous generation.

FALSE

Which of the following is not a theme that unifies biology? A) Interaction with the environment B) Emergent Properties C) Evolution D) Reductionism E) Structure and function

D) Reductionism

When applying the process of science, which of these is tested? A) a question B) a result C) an observation D) a prediction E) a hypothesis

D) a prediction

Which of the following pairs of protists and their characteristics is mismatched? A) apicomplexans : internal parasites B) golden algae : planktonic producers C) euglenozoans : unicellular flagellates D) ciliates : red tide organisms E) entamoebas : ingestive heterotrophs

D) ciliates : red tide organisms

Which process results in genetic recombination, but is separate from the process wherein the population size of Paramecium increases? A) budding B) meiotic division C) mitotic division D) conjugation E) binary fission

D) conjugation

A researcher wants to develop a test that will distinguish charophytes and land plants from green algae. Which of the following chemicals would be the best subject for such an assay? A) chlorophylla photosynthetic pigment B) carotenoidsa class of accessory photosynthetic pigments C) starcha food storage material D) glycolate oxidasean peroxisomal enzyme that is associated with photorespiration E) flavonoidsa class of phenolic compounds that is often associated with chemical signaling

D) glycolate oxidasean peroxisomal enzyme that is associated with photorespiration

Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification which stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess A) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment. B) non-inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment. C) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. D) inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. E) inheritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.

D) inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.

Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained by A) natural philosophy. B) creationism. C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life. D) natural selection. E) feedback inhibition.

D) natural selection.

2) Which of the following is a correct sequence of levels in life's hierarchy, proceeding downward from an individual animal? A) brain, organ system, nerve cell, nervous tissue B) organ system, nervous tissue, brain C) organism, organ system, tissue, cell, organ D) nervous system, brain, nervous tissue, nerve cell E) organ system, tissue, molecule, cell

D) nervous system, brain, nervous tissue, nerve cell

The structural integrity of bacteria is to peptidoglycan as the structural integrity of plant spores is to A) lignin. B) cellulose. C) secondary compounds. D) sporopollenin.

D) sporopollenin.

Which event during the evolution of land plants probably made the synthesis of secondary compounds most beneficial? A) the greenhouse effect present throughout the Devonian period B) the reverse-greenhouse effect during the Carboniferous period C) the association of the roots of land plants with fungi D) the rise of herbivory E) the rise of wind pollination

D) the rise of herbivory

Which kind of plant tissue should lack phragmoplasts? A) bryophyte tissues B) diploid tissues of charophytes C) spore-producing tissues of all land plants D) tissues performing nuclear division without intervening cytokineses E) the meristematic tissues of fern gametophytes

D) tissues performing nuclear division without intervening cytokineses

Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection? A) requires genetic variation B) results in descent with modification C) involves differential reproductive success D) B and C only E) A, B, and C

E) A, B, and C

Which of the following properties or processes do we associate with living things? A) Evolutionary adaptations B) Energy processing C) Responding to the environment D) Growth and reproduction E) All of the above

E) All of the above

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? A) Bacteria and Eukarya B) Archaea and Monera C) Eukarya and Monera D) Bacteria and Protista E) Bacteria and Archaea

E) Bacteria and Archaea

Which of the following is a false statement regarding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)? A) Each deoxyribonucleic acid molecule is composed of two long chains of nucleotides arranged in a double helix. B) Genes are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid. C) DNA is composed of chemical building blocks called nucleotides. D) DNA is a code for the sequence of amino acids in a protein. E) DNA is an enzyme that puts together amino acids to make a protein.

E) DNA is an enzyme that puts together amino acids to make a protein.

Which of these is based on a deduction? A) My car won't start. B) My car's battery is dead. C) My car is out of gas. D) I lost my car key. E) If I turn the key in the ignition while stepping on the gas pedal, then my car will start.

E) If I turn the key in the ignition while stepping on the gas pedal, then my car will start.

Which of the following sequences represent the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the most complex level? A) Organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population, organism B) Cell, community, population, organ system, molecule, organelle C) Organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ D) Ecosystem, cell, population, tissue, organism, organ system E) Molecule cell, organ system, population, ecosystem, biosphere

E) Molecule cell, organ system, population, ecosystem, biosphere

Biologists have long been aware that the defunct kingdom Protista is paraphyletic. Which of these statements is both true and consistent with this conclusion? A) Many species within this kingdom were once classified as monerans. B) Animals, plants, and fungi arose from different protist ancestors. C) The eukaryotic condition has evolved only once among the protists, and all eukaryotes are descendants of that first eukaryotic cell. D) Chloroplasts among various protists are similar to those found in prokaryotes. E) Some protists, all animals, and all fungi share a protist common ancestor, but these protists, animals, and fungi are currently assigned to three different kingdoms.

E) Some protists, all animals, and all fungi share a protist common ancestor, but these protists, animals, and fungi are currently assigned to three different kingdoms.

The dynamics of any ecosystem include the following major processes: A) The flow of energy from sunlight to producers. B) The flow of energy from sunlight to producers and then to consumers. C) The recycling of chemical nutrients. D) The flow of energy to producers and the recycling of nutrients. E) The flow of energy from sunlight to producers and then to consumers, and the recycling of chemical nutrients.

E) The flow of energy from sunlight to producers and then to consumers, and the recycling of chemical nutrients.

Which of these statements about dinoflagellates is false? A) They possess two flagella. B) Some cause red tides. C) Their walls are composed of cellulose plates. D) Many types contain chlorophyll. E) Their dead cells accumulate on the seafloor, and are mined to serve as a filtering material.

E) Their dead cells accumulate on the seafloor, and are mined to serve as a filtering material.

On a field trip, a student in a marine biology class collects an organism that has differentiated organs, cell walls of cellulose, and chloroplasts with chlorophyll a. Based on this description, the organism could be a brown alga, a red alga, a green alga, a charophyte recently washed into the ocean from a freshwater or brackish water source, or a land plant washed into the ocean. The presence of which of the following features would definitively identify this organism as a land plant? A) alternation of generations B) sporopollenin C) rosette cellulose-synthesizing complexes D) flagellated sperm E) embryos

E) embryos

Why is it important that an experiment include a control group? A) The control group is the group that the researcher is in control of; it is the group in which the researcher predetermines the nature of the results. B) The control group provides a reserve of experimental subjects. C) A control group is required for the development of an "if, then" statement. D) A control group assures that an experiment will be repeatable. E) Without a control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable being tested or to some other factor.

E) Without a control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable being tested or to some other factor.

Which of the following was not a challenge for survival of the first land plants? A) sources of water B) sperm transfer C) desiccation D) animal predation E) absorbing enough light

E) absorbing enough light

Evolution is biology's core theme that ties together all the other themes. This is because evolution explains A) the unity and diversity of life. B) how organisms become adapted to their environment through the differential reproductive success of varying individuals. C) why distantly related organisms sometimes resemble each other. D) explains why some organisms have traits in common. E) all of the above

E) all of the above

Two species that belong to the same genus must also belong to the same A) kingdom. B) phylum. C) class. D) order. E) all of the above

E) all of the above

A fungal infection damages all peristomes, preventing them from performing their function. Which process will be directly hindered as a result? A) growth of the sporophyte B) ability of sperm to locate eggs C) growth of the protonema D) lengthening of rhizoids E) broadcast of spores

E) broadcast of spores

Which organisms represent the common ancestor of all photosynthetic plastids found in eukaryotes? A) autotrophic euglenids B) diatoms C) dinoflagellates D) red algae E) cyanobacteria

E) cyanobacteria

A filamentous organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This organism has a cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism? A) domain Bacteria, kingdom Prokaryota B) domain Archaea, kingdom Bacteria C) domain Eukarya, kingdom Plantae D) domain Eukarya, kingdom Protista E) domain Eukarya, kingdom Fungi

E) domain Eukarya, kingdom Fungi

If one were to apply the most recent technique used to fight potato late blight to the fight against the malarial infection of humans, then one would A) increase the dosage of the least-expensive antimalarial drug administered to humans. B) increase the dosage of the most common pesticide used to kill Anopheles mosquitoes. C) introduce a predator of the malarial parasite into infected humans. D) use a "cocktail" of at least three different pesticides against Anopheles mosquitoes. E) insert genes from a Plasmodium-resistant strain of mosquito into Anopheles mosquitoes.

E) insert genes from a Plasmodium-resistant strain of mosquito into Anopheles mosquitoes.

The following are all true about the life cycle of mosses except A) external water is required for fertilization. B) flagellated sperm are produced. C) antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes. D) the gametophyte generation is dominant. E) the growing embryo gives rise to the gametophyte.

E) the growing embryo gives rise to the gametophyte.

The goal of systems biology is to construct models to predict the emergent properties of cells.

FALSE

Discovery science has contributed much to our understanding of nature without most of the steps of the so-called scientific method.

TRUE

Discovery science uses inductive reasoning to derive generalizations from a large number of specific observations.

TRUE

In hypothesis-based science, deductive reasoning is used to predict a result that would be found if a particular hypothesis is correct.

TRUE

Recent evidence points to the conclusion that the ancestral finches of the Galapagos originated in the islands of the Caribbean.

TRUE

Science requires that hypothesis be testable and falsifiable and that observations be repeatable.

TRUE