Biology 102 Chapter #3 (Michelle)
Osmosis is the passive movement of ______ through a selectively permeable membrane. solutes water ions
water
Identify the following stages of the cell cycle:
(A) prophase (B) metaphase (C)anaphase (D)telophase (E)cytokinesis
How many pairs of chromosomes are located in the nucleus of a typical human body cell? 2 18 20 46 23
23
A typical human body cell has _____ chromosomes. 23 52 28 18 46
46
Explain the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane. Essay
A plasma membrane is a liquid,double layer of phospholipid molecules with proteins imbedded in the double layer.The phospholipid molecules have polar heads and nonpolar tails,and they point their hydrophobic,nonpolar tails into the center of the membrane.The protein molecules are free to move about within the lipid bilayer.
Which process does not require a concentration gradient? A)Active transport B)Diffusion C)Facilitated diffusion D)Osmosis
A)Active transport
What is the function of intermediate filaments? A)Cell-to-cell junctions B)Cell movement C)Form flagella D)Cell shape
A)Cell-to-cell junctions
__________ are small hair-like extensions that produce movement across the surface of cells. A)Cilia B)Flagella C)Microvilli D)Basal bodies
A)Cilia
__________ help keep the lungs clean. A)Cilia B)Flagella C)Basal bodies D)Microvilli
A)Cilia
The period of interphase when cell growth and manufacture of organelles occurs is the A)G1 phase. B)S phase. C)G2 phase. D)mitosis phase.
A)G1 phase.
What happens to chromosome number as a result of meiosis? A)It is halved. B)It stays the same. C)It is doubled. D)It is tripled.
A)It is halved.
Which of the following organelles functions in protein synthesis? A)Ribosomes B)Golgi apparatus C)Smooth ER D)All apply.
A)Ribosomes
Which of the following is NOT a passive process of movement? A)Solute pumps B)Osmosis C)Facilitated diffusion D)Diffusion
A)Solute pumps
Short cylinders with a 9 +0 pattern that form the spindle apparatus during cell division are A)centrioles. B)basal bodies. C)flagella. D)actin filaments.
A)centrioles.
Each strand of a replicated double helix of DNA is called a A)chromatid. B)chromosome. C)autosome. D)centriole.
A)chromatid.
The division of the cytoplasm and organelles is A)cytokinesis. B)mitosis. C)interphase. D)telophase.
A)cytokinesis.
Small lipid soluble molecules would move through the plasma membrane by A)diffusion. B)osmosis. C)filtration. D)pumping.
A)diffusion.
The nuclear envelope contains the nuclear material and its structure is a A)double layered membrane with pores. B)single layered membrane with pores. C)solid single layered membrane. D)solid double layered membrane.
A)double layered membrane with pores
The movement of protein molecules within the phospholipid bilayer is described by the A)fluid mosaic model. B)lipid mosaic model. C)protein - lipid mosaic model. D)cholesterol mosaic model.
A)fluid mosaic model
The portion of the cell cycle when a cell is not dividing and doing what it is designed to do is called A)interphase. B)mitosis. C)apoptosis. D)exterophase.
A)interphase.
The movement of H2O across a plasma membrane A)is called osmosis. B)is called diffusion. C)requires energy. D)is called osmosis and requires energy.
A)is called osmosis.
When a cell is placed into a(n)__________ solution,the cell maintains its size. A)isotonic B)hypotonic C)hypertonic
A)isotonic
Digestive sacs found in cells that help to detoxify drugs and alcohol are A)peroxisomes. B)centrioles. C)ribosomes. D)rough ER.
A)peroxisomes.
The plasma membrane consists primarily of A)phospholipids and proteins. B)sugars and starches. C)phospholipids and sugars. D)sugars and proteins.
A)phospholipids and proteins.
The formation of spindle fibers occurs during A)prophase. B)metaphase. C)anaphase. D)telophase.
A)prophase.
Cytokinesis occurs during A)telophase. B)metaphase. C)anaphase. D)prophase.
A)telophase.
Why is DNA replication required prior to mitosis?
As a result of DNA replication,the chromosomes that form at the beginning of mitosis contain two identical chromatids.Therefore,each chromosome has a double copy of its genetic information.One copy of the genetic information can be sent to each daughter cell that forms during cell division.
What structure anchors cilia and flagella? A)Microvilli B)Basal body C)Hilus D)Hillock
B)Basal body
Which of the following is NOT a form of RNA used in protein synthesis? A)Messenger RNA B)Complementary RNA C)Transfer RNA D)Ribosomal RNA
B)Complementary RNA
Which organelle is involved in processing,packaging,and secretion of proteins and lipids? A)Ribosomes B)Golgi apparatus C)Endoplasmic reticulum D)Chromosomes
B)Golgi apparatus
What happens to the chromosome number as a result of mitosis? A)It is halved. B)It stays the same. C)It is doubled. D)It is tripled
B)It stays the same.
The period of interphase when DNA is replicated is the A)G1 phase. B)S phase. C)G2 phase. D)mitosis phase.
B)S phase.
If half of a DNA molecule is ACG-TCC-GTA,the complementary half would be A)CTA-CTT-ACC. B)TGC-AGG-CAT. C)ACG-TCC-GTA. D)UGC-AGG-CAU.
B)TGC-AGG-CAT.
The process of programmed cell death due to problems in the cell cycle is called A)mitosis. B)apoptosis. C)phagocytosis. D)endocytosis.
B)apoptosis.
The chromosomes attach to spindle fibers by their A)chromatid. B)centromere. C)centrosome. D)aster.
B)centromere.
The inner membrane folds of mitochondria,where many of the reactions of aerobic cellular respiration occur,are called A)smooth ER. B)cristae. C)grana. D)thylakoid membranes.
B)cristae.
Secretion of substances made by a cell would occur by the process of A)pinocytosis. B)exocytosis. C)endocytosis. D)phagocytosis.
B)exocytosis.
Sperm use __________ for movement. A)cilia B)flagella C)microvilli D)microfilaments
B)flagella
A carrier protein is required A)for passive transport. B)for active transport. C)to move water. D)for passive transport and to move water.
B)for active transport.
When a cell is placed into a(n)__________ solution,water enters the cell. A)isotonic B)hypotonic C)hypertonic
B)hypotonic
What is the function of DNA polymerase? A)breaks hydrogen bonds between DNA strands B)joins nucleotides of the complementary DNA strand C)joins amino acids to form a protein D)None apply.
B)joins nucleotides of the complementary DNA strand
Transcription involves _________,where translation involves _______. A)polypeptide synthesis;mRNA synthesis B)mRNA synthesis;polypeptide synthesis C)amino acids;nucleotides
B)mRNA synthesis;polypeptide synthesis
The chromosomes lining up randomly at the equator of the cell occurs during A)prophase. B)metaphase. C)anaphase. D)telophase.
B)metaphase.
The division of the nucleus is A)cytokinesis. B)mitosis. C)interphase. D)telophase.
B)mitosis.
Proteins that are mainly used inside the cell are synthesized A)in the nucleus. B)on polyribosomes. C)on rough ER. D)in the nucleoli.
B)on polyribosomes.
Small structures that compartmentalize the cell for the various cellular activities are A)nuclei. B)organelles. C)matrices. D)proteins.
B)organelles
Bringing solutions into a cell is called A)facilitated diffusion. B)pinocytosis. C)exocytosis. D)phagocytosis.
B)pinocytosis.
The centrioles moving apart to opposite poles occurs during A)telophase. B)prophase. C)metaphase. D)anaphase.
B)prophase.
The rough ER is covered with A)Golgi apparatus. B)ribosomes. C)lysosomes. D)nucleoli.
B)ribosomes.
The process of meiosis produces A)body cells. B)sex cells. C)skin cells. D)hair cells.
B)sex cells.
Mitosis produces __________ identical daughter cell(s). A)one B)two C)three D)four
B)two
The_________ __________ is part of the endomembrane system and consists of 3 to 20 slightly curved saccules.
Blank 1: Golgi Blank 2: apparatus, complex, apparatus, or body
What is the role of glycolipids and glycoproteins in the plasma membrane? A)Transport of molecules through the membrane B)Restabilize the phospholipid bilayer C)Cell identification D)All apply.
C)Cell identification
The material that is replicated prior to cell division is called A)RNA. B)protein. C)DNA. D)ATP.
C)DNA.
Which of the following types of cells are anucleated when mature? A)Liver cells B)Skin cells C)Erythrocytes D)Skeletal muscle cells
C)Erythrocytes
The period of interphase when the proteins are made that will be needed for cell division is the A)G1 phase. B)S phase. C)G2 phase. D)mitosis phase.
C)G2 phase.
Which cytoskeletal structure is involved in the movement of chromosomes during cell division? A)Actin filaments B)Intermediate filaments C)Microtubules D)Microvilli
C)Microtubules
Which elements of the cytoskeleton help maintain the shape of the cells,move organelles around,and aid in cell division? A)Intermediate fibers B)Cilia C)Microtubules D)Actin filaments
C)Microtubules
What differentiates passive transport from active transport? A)Passive transport moves substances into cells,while active transport moves substances out of cells. B)Passive transport requires carriers,while active transport does not. C)Passive transport does not use cellular energy,while active transport uses cellular energy. D)Passive transport only moves water,while active transport only moves proteins.
C)Passive transport does not use cellular energy,while active transport uses cellular energy.
Which of the following events of mitosis is CORRECTLY matched with its phase? A)Metaphase - chromosomes shorten and thicken to become visible B)Telophase - chromosomes line up down the middle of the cell C)Prophase - chromosomes attach to spindle fibers D)Anaphase - new nuclear envelops form around chromosomes
C)Prophase - chromosomes attach to spindle fibers
Which of the following serves as the site for the synthesis of phospholipids? A)Plasma membrane B)Rough ER C)Smooth ER D)Golgi apparatus
C)Smooth ER
Cytokinesis begins with the formation of an indentation around the cell called the A)asters. B)centromere. C)cleavage furrow. D)equator.
C)cleavage furrow.
The three base sequence on mRNA that matches the triplet of DNA is a(n) A)triplet. B)anticodon. C)codon. D)gene.
C)codon.
The gelatinous supporting material of a cell is the A)plasma membrane. B)nucleus. C)cytoplasm. D)organelle.
C)cytoplasm
The random movement of simple substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called A)osmosis. B)filtration. C)diffusion. D)pumping.
C)diffusion.
A system of membranous channels and saccules that runs from the nuclear membrane through the cytoplasm is the A)nucleolus. B)Golgi apparatus. C)endoplasmic reticulum. D)mitochondria.
C)endoplasmic reticulum.
Water intoxication can be due to A)loss of too much water. B)excessive sweating. C)excessive consumption of pure water. D)excessive consumption of low-sodium sports drinks.
C)excessive consumption of pure water.
When a cell is placed into a(n)__________ solution,crenation is possible. A)isotonic B)hypotonic C)hypertonic
C)hypertonic
The process of cell division involves the two processes of A)interphase and cytokinesis. B)interphase and mitosis. C)mitosis and cytokinesis. D)cytokinesis and G1 phase.
C)mitosis and cytokinesis.
The formation of a pocket of the plasma membrane to bring in solid materials is called A)exocytosis. B)pinocytosis. C)phagocytosis. D)facilitated diffusion.
C)phagocytosis.
Mitochondria A)produce protein. B)store food. C)produce ATP. D)digest food
C)produce ATP.
The plasma membrane is A)impermeable. B)permeable to everything. C)selectively permeable.
C)selectively permeable.
Liver cells help to detoxify drugs,therefore,they would have a large number of A)rough ER. B)Golgi apparatus. C)smooth ER. D)centrioles.
C)smooth ER
Functions of membrane proteins include all of the following except A)carriers. B)cell identification. C)stability. D)receptors. E)channels.
C)stability
Which of the following types of RNA are NOT matched correctly with their function? A)tRNA - carries amino acids B)rRNA - site of protein synthesis C)tRNA - contains the code to make a polypeptide D)mRNA - contains the code to make a polypeptide
C)tRNA - contains the code to make a polypeptide
The reforming of the nuclear membrane around chromosomes occurs during A)prophase. B)anaphase. C)telophase. D)metaphase.
C)telophase.
The phospholipid molecules are arranged with A)the hydrophilic tails facing outward and the hydrophobic heads facing inward. B)the hydrophilic tails facing inward and the hydrophobic heads facing outward. C)the hydrophilic heads facing outward and the hydrophobic tails facing inward. D)the hydrophilic heads facing inward and the hydrophobic tails facing outward.
C)the hydrophilic heads facing outward and the hydrophobic tails facing inward.
Proteins do not pass through plasma membranes because A)the membrane is made of protein. B)they contain nitrogen. C)they are very large molecules. D)they cause emulsification.
C)they are very large molecules.
Differentiate between chromosomes,chromatin,DNA,and genes.
Chromatin is a threadlike material in the nucleus that condenses during periods of cell division to form chromosomes.The chromosomes,and hence the chromatin material,contain DNA.DNA molecules are double strands of nucleotides that encode genetic information in the order of their bases.Genes are segments of DNA molecules that carry information for constructing a particular protein.
Describe the functions of cilia and flagella,and give examples of the activities of each in the body.
Cilia and flagella both produce movement. Example:Cilia sweep debris upward and out of the respiratory tract. Example:Flagella help sperm cells move.
Active transport A)moves materials against their concentration gradients. B)requires energy. C)occurs in cells with many mitochondria. D)All apply.
D)All apply.
Aerobic cellular respiration A)occurs in the mitochondriA. B)produces ATP. C)uses oxygen. D)All apply.
D)All apply.
Apoptosis A)involves the destruction of a cell. B)occurs at the restriction checkpoint. C)is not a component of the cell cycle. D)All apply.
D)All apply.
Filtration A)pushes material out of the blood. B)uses blood pressure to move fluids. C)can separate large particles from small particles. D)All apply.
D)All apply.
Lysosomes A)are formed by the Golgi apparatus. B)are concerned with intracellular digestion. C)contain digestive enzymes. D)All apply.
D)All apply.
What is found within the cell's nucleus? A)Chromatin B)Nucleolus C)DNA D)All apply.
D)All apply.
Which of the following functions in protein production? A)Ribosomes B)Golgi apparatus C)Rough ER D)Ribosomes,Golgi apparatus,and rough ER
D)Ribosomes,Golgi apparatus,and rough ER
A disease involving a missing or inactive lysosomal enzyme in nerve cells is called A)Golgi's disease. B)multiple sclerosis. C)neuritis. D)Tay-Sachs disease.
D)Tay-Sachs disease.
When mRNA molecules are formed,they are complementary to DNA with the exception that A)an A in DNA matches a T in mRNA. B)a T in DNA matches an C in mRNA. C)an A in DNA matches a G in mRNA. D)an A in DNA matches a U in mRNA.
D)an A in DNA matches a U in mRNA.
The separation of sister chromatids,being pulled toward the centrioles occurs in A)metaphase. B)telophase. C)prophase. D)anaphase.
D)anaphase.
Hemolysis means A)swelling of cells. B)shrinking of blood cells. C)diffusion of cells into blood. D)bursting of blood cells
D)bursting of blood cells
Tightly-coiled,rod-like structures of DNA and proteins are called A)nucleoli. B)ribosomes. C)chromatin. D)chromosomes.
D)chromosomes.
The movement of materials into a cell by the formation of a pocket of the plasma membrane is called A)exocytosis. B)hemolysis. C)crenation. D)endocytosis.
D)endocytosis.
Mitosis occurs during A)growth. B)tissue repair. C)production of egg and sperm. D)growth and tissue repair.
D)growth and tissue repair.
A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of A)pinocytosis. B)exocytosis. C)active transport. D)phagocytosis.
D)phagocytosis.
The chromosomes shorten and thicken so that they become visible occurs during A)metaphase. B)telophase. C)anaphase. D)prophase.
D)prophase.
The function of the nucleolus is to make A)mitochondriA. B)endoplasmic reticulum. C)chromosomes. D)ribosomes.
D)ribosomes.
A cell that has crenated has A)swollen up. B)burst. C)broken in half. D)shrunk.
D)shrunk.
The presence of cholesterol molecules in plasma membranes is to A)allow the buildup of fats. B)change the chemical nature of the membrane. C)create a mosaic pattern. D)stabilize the phospholipids at low temperatures.
D)stabilize the phospholipids at low temperatures.
Compare DNA,mRNA,and tRNA with regard to function and location.
DNA - is located in the nucleus and contains the information for the construction of proteins. mRNA - carries the DNA code to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. tRNA - brings amino acids over to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm according to the base sequence on the mRNA molecule.
Facilitated diffusion requires cellular energy. True False
False: Facilitated diffusion does not require cellular energy,it is passive.
Semipermeable membrane means that half the amount of a substance can pass through the plasma membrane. True False
False: Semipermeable membrane means that some things can pass through the plasma membrane,while other things will not pass through.
The chemical nature of phospholipids will cause them to form a single layer in a water environment. True False
False: The chemical nature of phospholipids will cause them to form a double layer in a water environment.
The plasma membrane is a solid that holds the contents inside the cell. True False
False: The plasma membrane is a liquid that holds the contents inside the cell.
The process of "cell drinking" is known as phagocytosis. True False
False: The process of "cell drinking" is known as pinocytosis.
The process of translation creates the secondary structure of a polypeptide. True False
False: The process of translation creates the primary structure of a polypeptide.
The nuclear envelope is continuous with the Golgi apparatus. The True False
False: nuclear envelope is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
The organelle that is arranged in stacks and receives vesicles from the ER is the: lysosomes peroxisomes Golgi apparatus mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
Compare mitosis and meiosis with regard to number of cell divisions,effect on chromosome number,and function.
Mitosis involves one round of cell division and does not alter the chromosome number in the cells.Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division and reduces the chromosome number by half.Whereas mitosis functions in growth and tissue repair,meiosis functions in the production of gametes.
Where does transcription occur in a human cell? Cytoplasm Golgi apparatus Lysosome Nucleus
Nucleus
Where does transcription occur in a human cell? Cytoplasm Nucleus Golgi apparatus Lysosome
Nucleus
_____ are often attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Nucleoli Ribosomes Mitochondria
Ribosomes
__ is the time period between when a cell divides and the time the two cells resulting from that first cell division also divide. Protein synthesis The cell cycle DNA replication Exocytosis
The cell cycle
Which of these best describes a cell in interphase? The nuclear envelope has broken down and compact chromosomes are visible. Chromosomes are located at the poles of the cell. Chromosomes are aligned at the center of the cell. The nucleus is intact and contains chromatin.
The nucleus is intact and contains chromatin.
A nickname for the mitochondria is the cell's powerhouse. True False
True
The anticodon of tRNA matches the codon of mRNA to ensure the correct sequence of amino acids. True False
True
Ribosomes can be found: bound to the endoplasmic reticulum free within the cytoplasm bound to the Golgi apparatus attached to the plasma membrane
bound to the endoplasmic reticulum free within the cytoplasm
Internal and external signals regulate the division of the cell during the _____ _____. DNA replication metabolism protein synthesis cell cycle
cell cycle
The paired organelle that functions to organize the spindle fibers and the microtubules found in cilia and flagella is the .
centrioles, centriole, or basal body
The inner membrane of the mitochondria is folded to form_________.
cristae
The stage of cell division where the cytoplasm divides is called ____
cytokinesis
The structure in a human cell that carries out translation is called a ____
cytoplasm, ribosome, or Rough ER
Microtubules and intermediate filaments make up the _____. cytoskeleton mitochondrion smooth ER nucleus
cytoskeleton
Microtubules, intermediate filaments and actin filaments are all part of the_____________ , which helps to maintain the cell's shape.
cytoskeleton
The movement of respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the lungs and and the blood is an example of: filtration diffusion osmosis active transport
diffusion
The process of moving large particles or molecules into the cell through pockets made in the plasma membrane is: osmosis diffusion endocytosis exocytosis
endocytosis
The process in which substances are secreted through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane is _______
exocytosis
The process in which substances are secreted through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane is ________________
exocytosis
Glucose is transported down its concentration gradient by protein carriers in the plasma membrane using: phagocytosis active transport osmosis facilitated diffusion
facilitated diffusion
Glucose is transported down its concentration gradient by protein carriers in the plasma membrane using: phagocytosis facilitated diffusion active transport osmosis
facilitated diffusion
The movement of molecules down their concentration gradient, with the assistance of an integral membrane protein, is known as: active transport endocytosis facilitated diffusion osmosis
facilitated diffusion
The movement of a liquid from high pressure to low pressure through small pores in the capillaries, similar to how water moves through a coffee filter, is known as___________ .
filtration
The movement of a liquid from high pressure to low pressure, like water and dissolved solutes passing through tiny pores in capillary cells, is known as: filtration facilitated diffusion osmosis active transport
filtration Reason: Facilitated diffusion involves membrane proteins, which aren't mentioned in the question. Reason: When water with solutes moves through pores, it is called filtration.
In general, embedded proteins that span the entire phospholipid bilayer can also be called__________proteins.
integral, intrinsic, or embedded
The plasma membrane has _____ proteins embedded within and ______ proteins on the surface of the membrane. integral; peripheral peripheral; integral
integral; peripheral
The longest phase of the cell cycle, when the cell is not actively dividing, is called _____________ .
interphase
The organelle that has an outer and a folded inner membrane with a space between them is the: endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes Golgi apparatus mitochondria
mitochondria
In human cells, the genetic information in the form of DNA is found in the: mitochondria ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum nucleus
nucleus
The most prominent structure in the cell is the___________.
nucleus
The function of the centrioles is to: assist in movement of the organelles throughout the cytoplasm increase surface area for absorption transport substances throughout the cytoplasm of the cell organize the microtubules of the spindle apparatus during cell division
organize the microtubules of the spindle apparatus during cell division
The type of transport where water moves across a membrane is called __________.
osmosis or passive
The selectively permeable barrier that regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell is the: nuclear envelope plasma membrane nucleus cytoplasm endoplasmic reticulum
plasma membrane
The plasma membrane allows only certain molecules and ions through because it is: selectively permeable embedded with proteins embedded with cholesterol
selectively permeable
The plasma membrane is said to be__________ _________ because it only allows certain molecules to enter or leave the cell.
selectively permeable
The plasma membrane allows the movement of potassium ions across the membrane while inhibiting the transport of iron. This example demonstrates that the plasma membrane is a(n) _______ membrane. tight junction cytoplasmic semipermeable vesicular
semipermeable