Biology 1020 Exam 2 Zhong
E
In chemiosmosis, ATP is produced as hydrogen ion (protons) pass through A. Outer mitochondrial membrane B. ATP decarboxylase C. ATP dehydrogenase D. Series of electron carriers E. ATP synthase
A
In human cells, fermentation produces A. Lactic acidosis B. 12 molecules of ATP C. Pyruvate acid D. Excessive amounts of energy E. None of the above
D. ATP and NADPH. From light reaction
In the RuBP regeneration phase of the Calvin Cycle (C3 cycle) the production of 6 RuBP molecules requires ___________ G3P molecules and the use of _______ ATP and ______ NADPH. A. 6,6,6 B. 10,12,6 C. 12,18,6 D. 10,6,0 E. 12,12,12 F. 10,6,6 G. 5,3,0
D
The ETC represents A. Glycolysis B. Pyruvate oxidation C. Citric acid cycle D. Oxidative phosphorylation E. Fermentation
D
The amino acid alanine can bind to a site on pyrurvate kinase that is not the active site making the active site less effective. This is an example of A. Cooperatively B. Allosteric activators C. Competitive inhibitors D. Noncompetitive inhibitors
D
The first step in the Calvin cycle is ____________ and is catalyzed by _____________. A. Light reactions, amylase B. Light reactions, rubisco C. Carbon fixation, amylase D. Carbon fixation, rubisco
B
The force driving simple diffusion is _________, while the energy source for active transport is ___________. A. Phosphorylation protein carriers, ATP B. Concentration gradient, ATP C. Concentration gradient, ADP D. transmembrane pumps, electron transport E. ATP, ATP
A
How many ATP does fermentation produce? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4 E. 6
4
How many ATP molecules are produced through substrate-level phosphorylation by breaking down one glucose molecule?
6
How many CO2 are produced from pyruvate to Kreb Cycle by breaking down one glucose molecule?
6
How many CO2 are produced totally by breaking down one glucose molecule?
Glycerol to the left Urea to the right
.1 M glycerol | .25 glycerol .25 M urea | .1 M urea Which way will urea diffuse? Which way will glycerol diffuse?
0
How many CO2 molecules are produced in ETC by breaking down one glucose molecule?
2
How many FADH2 are produced by breaking down one glucose molecule?
10
How many NADH are produced by breaking down one glucose molecule?
A.
How many molecules of ATP are produced in pyruvate oxidation? A. 0 B. 2 C. 30 D. 32
2
How many pyruvates can be produced by breaking down one glucose molecule?
2
How many ATP are produced in glycolysis?
28
How many ATP are produced in oxidative phosphorylation?
D
A cell has a mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and a plasma membrane. What cell is this? A. Plant cell B. Animal cell C. Bacteria cell D. A or B E. Need more info
A
A cell needs to get a polar molecule (not water) into the cell by using the concentration gradient. What would the cell need to assist in this process? A. Transport protein B. Peripheral protein C. Glycoproteins D. Aquaporins
32
How many ATP are produced totally by breaking down one glucose molecule?
Becomes plasmolyzed
An animal cell is placed in a solution that causes it to shrivel. A plant cell is placed in the same solution. What will happen to the plant cell?
C
At the nucleus which is correct? A. Nucleus has chromosomes B. Nucleus has proteins C. Single membrane bound D. Control center of the cell E. Nuclear pores across double membrane allow material exchanges F. It has DNA
B
Because photosynthesis requires light to begin it's reactions, what type of reaction is photosynthesis? A. Spontaneous and endergonic B. Non-spon and endergonic C. Spontaneous and exergonic D. Non-spon and exergonic
26-28
How many ATP can be produced in the ETC by breaking down one molecule of glucose?
B. Oxidation of pyruvate D. Oxidative phosphorylation
CO2 is released during which stages of aerobic respiration? A. Glycolysis B. Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA C. The citric acid cycle D. Oxidative phosphorylation
B
Cell : .25 M glucose Env: . 10 M glucose Will the water have net movement? Which way does the water move? A. No water will have no net movement B. Yes. Water will move into the cell C. Yes. Water will move out of the cell
Hypo
Cell: .25 M glucose Env: .10 M glucose Is the outside solution hypo-osmotic, hyper-osmotic, iso-osmotic to the inside solution? A. Hypo B. Hyper C. Iso
A
Cell: 25 MM env: 10 uM Which way will water move? A. Into the cell B. Out of the cell
Smooth ER
Cells that need to produce a large quantity of lipids, including steroids, would need an abundance of what organelle?
D. Microfilaments F. Microtubules G. Intermediate filaments
Choose all components of the cytoskeleton A. Peroxisomes B. Mitochondria C. Chloroplasts D. Chloroplasts E. ER F. Microtubules G. Intermediate filaments H. Golgi I. Lysosomes J. Central vacuoles
B
Cilia and flagella are made of A. Microfilaments B. Microtubules C. Intermediate filaments
D
Cisternal maturation model describes the secretion process in _________ A. Peroxisome B. Mitochondrion C. Lysosome D. Golgi apparatus E. Ribosomes
C
Components of the cytoskeleton from thickest to thinnest in diameter A. Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments B. Microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments C. Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules D. Microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments
A
During the citric acid cycle, each acetyl group entering the cycle yields: A. 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 B. 1 ATP, 2 NADH, 3 FADH2 C. 3 ATP, 2 NADH, 1 FADH2 D. 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2 E. 1 ATP, 2 NADH, 4 FADH2
A
Each rotation of the citric acid cycle produces how many ATP? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8
Downhill to uphill
Endergonic graph
A C D
Energy input in the Calvin Cycle A. ATP B. Glucose C. CO2 D. NADPH E. O2
Uphill to downhill
Exergonic graph
A D
Following cell division, a cell will go through a period of growth. For simplicity, assume that the cell has the dimension of a cube. As the cell grows, which of the following are true? Select all. A. Surface area increases and volume increases B. Surface area decreases and volume increases C. Surface area / volume ratio increases D. The surface area / volume ratio decreases
B. Requires energy D. G is positive E. Creation of peptide bonds
For an endergonic reaction what is correct? A. Releases energy B. Requires energy C. ΔG is negative D. ΔG is positive E. An example of this type of reaction is creation of peptide bonds between amino acids to make a protein F. An example of this type of reaction is breakdown of a protein into its individual amino acids
B
For diffusion there must be a A. Membrane B. Gradient C. Water D. ATP E. All
C
Function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation is to A. Form NADH B. Regenerate FADH2 C. Regenerate NAD+ D. Produce ATP from NADH E. Produce more ATP F. Egenerate ADP
B. Speed rate of reaction D. Decrease activation energy E. Position molecule into correct orientation G. Alternative route or pathway for reaction to occur
How do enzymes act as a biological catalyst? A. slow down rate of reaction B. Speed up rate of reaction C. Increase activation energy D. Decrease activation energy E. Position molecule into correct orientation F. Don't position into correct orientation G. Create alternative route or path for reaction to occur H. Use same reaction pathway as non-catalyzed reaction
2
How many ATP are produced in citric acid cycle?
A
If the mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryote cells resulted from endosymbiosis, what features might we expect these organelles to contain? A. Plasma membrane, DNA, ribosomes B. Plasma membrane, nucleus, ribosomes C. Nucleus, DNA, ribosomes D. Plasma membrane, nucleus, cilia E. Nucleus, ribosomes, cilia
D
Major difference in prokaryotes and eukaryote cells A. Prokaryotes bigger than eukaryote B. Prokaryotes have cells while eukaryotes do not C. Prokaryotes are not able to carry out aerobic respiration, relying instead on anaerobic metabolism D. Eukaryote cells have more intercellular organelles than prokaryotes
D. NADPH I. O2 J. ATP
Products of light reactions A.H20 B. ADP C. Pi D. NADPH E. NADH F. FADH2 G. NADP+ H. CO2 I. CO2 J. ATP K. Glucose
B. ADP C. Pi G. NADP+ K. Glucose
Products of the Calvin Cycle A. H2O B. ADP C. Pi D. NADPH E. NADH F. FADH2 G. NADP+ H. CO2 I. O2 J. ATP K. Glucose
B- DNA C- chromosomes D- RNA E- ribosomes H- proteins K- plasma membrane
Prokaryotes cells have (select all) A. Nucleus B. DNA C. Chromosomes D. RNA E. Ribosomes F. Mitochondria G. ER H. Proteins I. Plastids J. Lysosomes K. Plasma membrane
B. DNA C. Chromosomes D. RNA E. Ribosomes H. Proteins K. Plasma membrane
Prokaryotes have A. Nucleus B. DNA C. Chloroplasts D. RNA E. Ribosomes F. Mitochondria G. ER H. Proteins I. Plastids J. Lysosomes K. Plasma membrane
True
T/F The input of light reactions is: H2O and Light Output is ATP and O2
True
T/F The main function of cellular respiration is to produce ATP
True
T/F - Plants can perform both cellular respiration and photosynthesis
False
T/F- during linear electron flow, electrons enter photosystem 1 before photosystem 2.
False
T/F- fermentation produces 2 ATP directly
D
Ribosomes _____ A. Are vesicles B. Have DNA C. Bud off RER D. Attach to RER in eukaryotic cells E. Have double membrane covering F. Can digest food molecules G. Missed in prokaryotes
D
Ribosomes can be found A. In cytosol of the cell B. On plasma membrane of the cell C. On the RER D. Both A and C
A
What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration? A. Oxygen B. Nitrogen C. Carbon D. Sulfate
E
Transport processes (diffusion and active transport) occur across across which of these? A. Plasma membrane B. Chloroplast membrane C. Mitochondrial membranes D. ER membranes E. All of theses
Cofactors
Vitamins are an example of a nonprotein enzyme called
A
What Organelle is considered as the digestive system of cells? A. Lysosomes B. Peroxisomes C. Golgi bodies D. Nucleus E. Amyloplasts
B. ADP C. Pi G. NADP+ K. Glucose
What are the products of the Calvin Cycle? A. H20 B. ADP C. Pi D. NADPH E. NADH F. FADH2 G. NADP+ H. CO2 I. O2 J. ATP K. Glucose
A. CO2 D. NADH E. FADH2 F. ATP
What are the products of the Kreb Cycle A. CO2 B. H2O C. O2 D. NADH E. FADH2 F. ATP G. Pyruvate H. Acetyl CoA
C
What can occur when plans face risk of dehydration? A. They use photorespiration to produce more water B. They shut down and do not perform any metabolic processes C. They use photorespiration to conserve water D. They cannot do anything to combat dehydration
A
What carbohydrate is produced by the Calvin Cycle? A. G3P B. Glucose C. Sucrose D. Fructose is the A
D
What does aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation all have in common? A. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor B. Each produces ATP directly C. FADH2 is the electron carrier D. NAD+ is the electron carrier
A
What is being oxidized and reduced in the cellular respiration equation? A. C6H12O6 oxidized O2 reduced B. C6H12O6 reduced O2 oxidized C. CO2 oxidized H2O reduced D. CO2 reduced H2O oxidized
D
What is being oxidized and reduced in the photosynthesis equation? A. C6H12O6 oxidized O2 reduced B. C6H12O6 reduced O2 oxidized C. CO2 oxidized H2O reduced D. CO2 reduced H2O oxidized
D
What is the major difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? A. Aerobic respiration uses fermentation to make ATP but aerobic respiration does not B. Aerobic respiration uses glycolysis but anaerobic respiration does not C. Anaerobic respiration produces ADP rather than ATP which is produced during aerobic respiration D. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor but anaerobic respiration can use many other elements as the final electron acceptor
A
What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell? A. ER, Golgi, vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane B. ER, lysosome, vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane C. Golgi, ER, lysosome D. ER, Golgi, nucleus
B
What is the primary role of lysosomes in the cell? A. To store organic compounds and water B. To hydrolyze protein, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids C. To transport newly made proteins from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus then out of the cell
B. Smooth ER C. Lysosomes H. Peroxisome
What organelle are involved in the degeneration of macromolecules? Select all. A. Rough ER B. Smooth ER C. Lysosomes D. Golgi E. Nucleus F. Mitochondrion G. Chloroplasts H. Peroxisome I. Ribosomes
A
What organelle isn't membrane bound? A. Ribosomes B. Rough ER C. Smooth ER D. Nucleus E. Chloroplasts F. Perosisome
E. Nucleus F. Mitochondria G. Chloroplasts
What organelles contain DNA? Select all. A. Rough ER B. Smooth ER C. Lysosomes D. Golgi apparatus E. Nucleus F. Mitochondria G. Chloroplasts H. Peroxisome I. Ribosomes
C
Where does light reactions occur? A. Chloroplasts inner membrane B. Chloroplasts outer membrane C. Thylakoids membranes D. Cytosol E. Matrix F. Stroma G. Mitochondria H. Cristae
F
Where does the Calvin cycle occur? A. Chloroplasts inner membrane B. Chloroplasts outer membrane C. Thylakoids membranes D. Cytosol E. Matrix F. Stroma G. Mitochondria H. Cristae
C
Which is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acid helps keep a membrane more fluid at lower temperatures? A. Unsaturated fatty acids are more polar than saturated fatty acids B. Unsaturated fatty acids have a higher cholesterol content and therefore more cholesterol in membranes C. The double bonds form kinks in the fatty acid tails preventing adjacent lipids from packing tightly D. The double bonds block interaction among the hydrophilic head groups of the lipids.
D. Represents the first stage in the chemical oxidation of glucose by a cell F. Consumes 2 ATP to breakdown 1 glucose H. Produce 2 net ATP
Which of the following describes the process of glycolysis? Select all. A. Converts one glucose molecule to two molecules of pyruvate and CO2 B. Glycolysis produces 30 ATP from each molecule of glucose C. Requires ATP and NADH D. represents the first stage in the chemical oxidation of glucose by a cell. E. Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria F. Consumes 2 ATP to breakdown 1 glucose G. Produce 2 net ATP I. Produces 2 FADH2 molecules
B
Which of the following is a motor protein working with microfilament for muscle contraction? A. Dynein B. Myosin C. Kinesin D. Thylakoids E. Stroma
D
Which of the following lists the features of all living cells? A. Plasma membrane, cell wall, cytosol, ribosomes B. Plasma membrane, cytosol, ribosomes, mitochondria C. Plasma membrane, ribosomes, mitochondria, chromosomes D. Plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytosol, chromosomes
B photosynthesis F aerobic respiration G protein synthesis
Which of the following reactions decrease entropy within a cell? A. Catabolic reactions B. Photosynthesis C. Hydrolysis D. Digestion E. Aerobic respiration F. Condensation G. Protein synthesis
C. H+ pump E. Sucrose-H+ cotransport
Which of the following transport facility/process consumes energy? Select all A. Osmosis B. Simple diffusion C. H+ pump D. Aquaporins E. Sucrose-H+ cotransport F. Channel proteins
D
Which of these describes the voltage difference across a membrane that is imperative to neuron function? A. Active transport B. Electrochemical force C. Neuron potential D. Membrane potential
C
Which of these electron acceptors carries the highest potential energy? A. NAD+ B. NADH C. NADP+ D. FADH2
A
Which of these is not a member of the inter membrane system? A. Cell wall B. Plasma membrane C. Nuclear envelope D. Vacuole
B
Which of these most likely can't cross the cell membrane? A. N2 B. C6H12O6 C. CO2 D. O2
Cz
Which process likely evolved first? A. Aerobic respiration B. Anaerobic respiration C. Fermentation D. Anaerobic respiration and fermentation evolved at the same time
A
Which process of cellular respiration produces the majority of ATP? A. Oxidative phosphorylation B. Pyruvate oxidative C. Citric acid cycle
C
You are studying a cell with unbound DNA in the nucleoid of the cell. What are you studying? A. Plant cell B. Animal C. Prokaryotes D. Need more information
D
You're in lab and you determine the organism has a cell wall, ribosomes, and a nucleoid. What is it. A. Plant cell B. Fungal cell C. Animal cell D. Bacterial cell
B
_____ the energy converting organelle to conduct respiration and produce ATP A. Chloroplasts B. Mitochondria C. Chromoplast D. Amyloplast E. Plastid
A
you are playing a long tennis match and your muscles begin to switch to anaerobic respiration. Which of the following is NOT a bad consequence? A. Cells convert NADH to NAD+ B. Lactic acidosis produces C. ATP production declines D. Oxygen debt increases E. All are problems