Biology 1101
What are the primary components of food?
Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
What are coenzymes?
Vitamins that are required in small quantities, which assist enzymes in their functions
True or false: Health risks associated with obesity include diabetes, colon and breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease.
True
Which of the following statements about the digestive system is false?
Food enters the large intestine before the small intestine.
Many critical nutrients in our food come in the form of biological macromolecules. What are macromolecules?
Large molecules that are necessary for life.
Why are some nutrients called essential nutrients?
The body can't make them, so they have to come from your diet.
Fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated. What does this mean structurally?
The types of bonds (single or double) between neighboring carbons in the hydrocarbon chain of the fatty acid are different.
What is peristalsis?
Wave-like smooth-muscle contractions that move food
What are the proteins in your food broken down into during digestion?
amino acids
Foods such as grains, fruits, and vegetables are all major natural sources of which macromolecule?
carbohydrates
What are the four major classes of macromolecules?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
It is often said that life is "_________-based".
carbon
For animals such as humans, where do the organic molecules required for building cellular material and tissues come from?
food
During digestion, carbohydrates are ultimately broken down into _____________, which is used to provide ____________within the cells of the body.
glucose:energy
An example of a monosaccharide is ________. Cellulose and starch are examples of ________.
glucose; polysaccharides
What are the two main components of a fat molecule?
glycerol and fatty acids
Functions of lipids include all of the following except:
make up the exoskeleton of arthropods
At the cellular level, the biological molecules necessary for animal function are amino acids, lipid molecules, __________, and simple sugars
nucleotides
Which macromolecules are the most abundant organic molecules in living systems with the most diverse range of functions
proteins
Protein __________ is critical to its function.
shape