Biology 1101

What are the primary components of food?

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

What are coenzymes?

Vitamins that are required in small quantities, which assist enzymes in their functions

True or false: Health risks associated with obesity include diabetes, colon and breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease.

True

Which of the following statements about the digestive system is false?

Food enters the large intestine before the small intestine.

Many critical nutrients in our food come in the form of biological macromolecules. What are macromolecules?

Large molecules that are necessary for life.

Why are some nutrients called essential nutrients?

The body can't make them, so they have to come from your diet.

Fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated. What does this mean structurally?

The types of bonds (single or double) between neighboring carbons in the hydrocarbon chain of the fatty acid are different.

What is peristalsis?

Wave-like smooth-muscle contractions that move food

What are the proteins in your food broken down into during digestion?

amino acids

Foods such as grains, fruits, and vegetables are all major natural sources of which macromolecule?

carbohydrates

What are the four major classes of macromolecules?

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

It is often said that life is "_________-based".

carbon

For animals such as humans, where do the organic molecules required for building cellular material and tissues come from?

food

During digestion, carbohydrates are ultimately broken down into _____________, which is used to provide ____________within the cells of the body.

glucose:energy

An example of a monosaccharide is ________. Cellulose and starch are examples of ________.

glucose; polysaccharides

What are the two main components of a fat molecule?

glycerol and fatty acids

Functions of lipids include all of the following except:

make up the exoskeleton of arthropods

At the cellular level, the biological molecules necessary for animal function are amino acids, lipid molecules, __________, and simple sugars

nucleotides

Which macromolecules are the most abundant organic molecules in living systems with the most diverse range of functions

proteins

Protein __________ is critical to its function.

shape