Biology 1408 Test Chapter 1 & 2

Select all of the following that can be limitations to scientific inquiry: -misinterpretation of results -emergent properties -biases of scientist -hypotheses

-biases of scientist -misinterpretation of results

Double-blind studies

A double-blind study helps avoid bias in medical research. Neither the researchers nor the participants know who received the placebo and who received the treatment substance.

What is Life?

All life shares 5 characteristics: 1. Organization 2. Energy use 3. Maintenance of internal consistancy 4. Reproduction, growth and development 5. Evolution

List the monomer of the polymer, Protein

Amino Acid is the monomer of Protein and it is used for Enzymes, structures, motion

Proteins are made up of

Amino acids

The smallest chemical unit of a type of pure substance (element). Example: carbon atom

Atom

What are the small chemical units that can combine to form molecules

Atom

All Living things consist of basic units of matter called

Atoms

Organization

Atoms make up molecules, which make up cells, which make up tissues, and so on

Producer

Autotroph that obtains energy and nutrients from nonliving sources

The ________ includes all parts of Earth and its atmosphere where life can survive.

Biosphere

The global ecosystem; the parts of the planet and its atmosphere where life is possible

Biosphere

Which of the following is an example of a prediction resulting from the hypothesis, "The room is dark because the light bulb is burned out"? a) The room is dark because I have gone blind. b) Because I have determined that the power is out, the room is dark. c) If I put in a new light bulb, the room will not be dark. d) Rooms are always dark when light switches are turned off.

C) If I put in a ndw light bulb, the room will not be dark

Which of the following describes a cell? a) Several tissues functioning together in organized manner b) A particle that makes up an atom c) The smallest unit that can be called life d) The biochemical that encodes genetic instructions

C) The smallest unit that can be called life.

The fundamental unit of life. unicellular organisms consist of one cell. Example: Leaf Cell

Cell

Name the two scientist that independently developed the idea of natural selection.

Charles Darwin, Alfred Russel Wallace

All populations that occupy the same region. Example: All populations in a savanna

Community

Heterotrophs that obtain energy and nutrients by eating other organisms.

Consumers

In reproduction, what is transmitted to the offspring that will determine what the offspring are like?

DNA

Heterotrophs that obtain energy and nutrients from wastes or dead organisms. These organism which include fungi and some bacteria, recycle nutrients to the nonliving environment.

Decomposers

The living and nonliving components of an area. Example: The Savanna

Ecosystem

A kitten uses the energy from its mothers milk to fuel its own growth is an example of:

Energy use

______ are proteins that speed chemical reactions.

Enzymes

Increasing numbers of bacteria survive treatment with antibiotic drugs is an example of:

Evolution

List the monomer of Lipids

Glycerol + fatty acids; phospholipids; sterols and is used for Energy reserve storage, hormones

The process by which a cell or organism maintains this state of internal constancy, or equilibrium

Homeostasis

______ is important for life because living cells must maintain a certain temperature--not too high and not too low

Homeostasis

Molecules associated with nonliving things are

Inorganic Molecules

Qualities of a valid hypothesis

It must be testable.. It can be rejected...

_______ is characterized by cellular organization, energy requirements, homeostasis, reproduction, growth, development, and evolution

Life

Why is lipid not considered a macromolecule?

Lipids are not considered polymers because they do not consist of long chains of monomers. Instead they have extremely diverse chemical structures.

A group of joined atoms (compounds) Example: DNA

Molecule

_______ form when atoms bond together with one another.

Molecules

The _______ ______ goes through al the steps of the experiment except it does not contain the substance being tested.

Negative control Negative results are expected

List the monomer of the polymer Nucleic

Nucleotides is the monomer of Nucleic and is used for Information storage any copying, coding proteins

asexual reproduction

Offsprings are genetically identical to parent, assuming no mutation Genetic information comes from only one parent

A structure consisting of tissues organized to interact and carry out specific functions. (Multicellular life only) Example: Leaf, tooth, eye

Organ

What is a structure consisting of tissues organized to interact and carry out specific functions?

Organ

Organs connected physically or chemically that function together. (Multicellular life only.) Example: aboveground part of a plant

Organ System

A membrane-bounded structure that has a specific function within a cell. Example: Chloroplast, Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum

Organelle

Molecules associated with living organisms are

Organic molecules

A living thing or individual is also called a(n) ______.

Organism

A single living individual, Example: One Acacia tree

Organism

Atoms make up molecules, which make up cells, which make up tissues, and so on is an example of:

Organization

A chain of two or more amino acids is called a

Peptide

The bond between the amino acids is called

Peptide bond

Proteins and some carbohydrates (called polysaccharides) are _________ because they are made up of smaller molecules called ___________.

Polymers, Monomers

A very log chain of amino acids is called a

Polypeptide

A group of the same species of organism living in the same place and time Example: Multiple acacia trees

Population

What term refers to members of the same species living in the same place at the same time?

Population

The ______ ________ goes through all the steps of the experiment and does contain the substance being tested.

Positive control Positive results are expected

Autotrophs that make their own food by extracting energy and nutrients from nonliving sources.

Producers

Organic Molecules of cells:

Proteins, Carbohydrates (Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides), and lipids (i.e. Fats).

An acorn germinates, develops into an oak seedling, and at maturity, and reproduces sexually to produce its own acorns is an example of:

Reproduction, growth, and development

List the monomer of the polymer, Carbohydrate

Sugar is the monomer of Carbohydrates and is used for Energy, structures, recognition

The ultimate source of energy is the ______.

Sun

A Collection of specialized cells that function in a coordinated fashion. At the same place, doing the same thing at the same time. Example: Epidermis of leaf

Tissue

_________ are groups of specialized cells that function in a coordinated fashion.

Tissues

The variable of an experiment is

a changeable element of an experiment

What is a control group?

a group that receives a placebo or no treatment

An _______ has pH lower than 7

acidic solution

Flowers shaped for their pollinators, specific camouflaged color patterns of animals, and a beaver's enormous front teeth for gnawing are all examples of

adaptions

Particles that make up molecules are called

atom

Which pair makes the best buffer: pH 6 and pH8, pH4 and pH 10, or pH2 and pH 12?

b. pH 6 and pH8 make the best buffer because it just has to maintain itself between a small amount.

The higher the pH the more ____ it will require to neutralize it.

base

An alkaline, or ________ solution has a pH greater than 7

basic solution

What is the term for all the populations of different species that occupy the same location at the same times?

community

The cells genetic instructions are encoded in a molecule called ________, and these instructions are used to produce proteins and allow the cell to carry out specialized functions.

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Data Collection -carefully observing animals in nature without manipulation to them or their setting -studying trends in diseases to reveal that the incidence of diabetes is correlated with incidence of obesity

discovery

A forest glad, including the organisms that occupy it and the nonliving components of its area, is an example of a(n) _____________.

ecosystem

New complex functions and charactreistics that arise when the smaller components of an organism interact are called __________ properties.

emergent

Natural selection is a mechanism of _______ that selects for adaptions.

evolution

What is the change in genes of a population over time?

evolution

Hypotheses are tested with an investigation called a(n)

experiment

Data Collection -test of hypothesis under controlled conditions -administering chemicals from tobacco to cells and recording the results

experimentation

In multicellular organisms, a fertilized egg undergoes a process called ________, in which multiple rounds of cell division produce a mature individual.

growth and development

Energy is permanently lost in the form of _______ during energy transfers among organisms.

heat

Consumer

heterotroph that obtains energy and nutrients by eating other organisms

Decomposer

heterotroph that obtains energy and nutrients from waste and dead organisms

A tentative and testable explanation for an observation is called a(n) ___________ and is an essential early step of a scientific study.

hypotheses

In science, a _______ is a tentative, testable explanation of an observation; a ________ is a broader, well tested explanation of a natural phenomenon.

hypotheses, theory

One limitation of scientific experiments is that the results can be _________ when multiple explanations explain the results or an incorrect explanation of the results is proposed.

misinterpreted

Atoms can bond together to form

molecules

In the scientific method, the first step is

observations and questions

In a new environment, what types of organisms will survive under the force of natural selection?

organisms with the highest reproductive success

Which requires the most base to neutralize it (neutralize means make its pH = 7)? pH 1, pH 3, pH 5, pH 9 or pH 12?

pH 1

Scientist use the ______ _______ scale to measure how acidic or basic a solution is.

pH scale

What is an example of an Organism?

plant, arcacia tree, fungus, bacterial cell

Describes metabolisms?

reactions that occur within cells to use and produce energy and molecules

Natural __________ is a mechanism of evolution in which certain individuals from a population exhibit enhanced reproductive success based on inherited characteristics

selection

In ________ reproduction, offspring are produced that contain a combination of genetic material from two parents.

sexual

Organisms that are able to reproduce asexually:

sponges, fungi, some plants

Independent variable

the manipulated portion of the experiment

Standardized variable

the portion of the experiment held constant

Dependent variable

the response that an investigator measures

What suggests that the current diversity of life evolved from a common ancestor?

the similarities among organisms

Homeostasis

the state of internal constancy maintained by an organism

Buffer

weak acid/base pair that resists changes in pH