Biology 2 Exam 4- Official

Animals apparently evolved:

in the ocean

Segmentation is important in annelids as an aid in:

movement.

Which membrane type lines body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the digestive tract?

mucous membrane

Among the scyphozoans, the __________ stage is reduced or absent.

polyp

The __________ are very common arthropod Paleozoic fossils, and are extinct today.

trilobites

Tunicates are ____ in the phylum ____.

urochordates; Chordata

Phylum Nematoda (Examples)

Roundworms - Ascaris, Filaria, Trichina

What is an osculum?

The internal cavity with an upper hole that water exits the sponge.

How do arthropods reproduce?

They reproduce sexually.

Can throw up their guts

Evisceration

Roundworms have a threeway digestive system. True or false?

False - Roundworms have a one way digestive system with a pseudocoelom.

Phylum Platyhelminthes (Examples)

Flatworms Flukes Tapeworms

Asymmetrical

a body plan that is Irregular in shape

An arthropod with chelicerae, pedipalps, and silk glands would be:

a spider

Although corals can capture prey, they also depend on __________ for nutrition.

a symbiotic relationship with the photosynthetic zooxanthellae

Spongocoal

central cavity that water is drawn through the pores

Sea cucumbers will ____ when environmental conditions deteriorate.

eject their digestive tract, respiratory structures, and gonads

If it were possible, which of the following methods would be the most effective at eliminating parasitic flukes?

eliminate freshwater snails

The four basic animal tissues are:

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

Clams and oysters are:

filter feeders

Phylum Porifera (characteristics)

* Sessile * Filter feeders * Two Speciallized types of cells * Cells able to re-organize if cut apart

Phylum Cnidaria (Characteristics)

* 2 cell layers thick * Stinging cells, nematocysts * 2 Body Types Polyp - sessile Medusa - motile

What is the largest group of invertebrate?

Arthropods

__________ are parasites that infect humans and, as adults, reside in the small intestines of the host.

Ascarid worms

A closed circulatory system is found in the:

Cephalopoda

Where do most cnidarians live?

In water.

How do molluscs reproduce?

Molluscs reproduce sexually.

What do sponges lack?

They lack Systems so no muscles, no nerves and no organs for digestion or circulation

How do cnidarian reproduce?

They reproduce sexually or asexually.

How do molluscs breathe?

Through lungs (terrestrial) or gills (aquatic)

True or false, Arthropods are terrestrial (spiders) and Aquatic (crabs).

True

Molluscs have a foot of tentacles. True or False?

True.

True or False? Arthropods have exoskeleton.

True.

Free-living flatworms belong to the class:

Turbellaria

The most closely related animal to vertebrates are the:

Urochordates

Tapeworm(s):

bodies consist of hundreds of reproductive segments.

Annelids

have a segmented body.

All echinoderms are found

in marine habitats.

The __________ gives rise to muscles, bones, and the circulatory system.

mesoderm

Describe Characteristics of organisms belonging to Phylum Mollusca (Soft-Bodied)

* 3 part body, gut, foot, mantle * Some sessile * Some motile * Very good sense organs * Some very intelligent squid

Phylum Porifera (Examples)

Sponges

Where do sponges live?

Sponges live in water, attached to sand or rocks.

Give 4 examples of echinoderms.

Starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber, brittle star.

What do molluscs look like?

They have a soft body and have a mantle that secretes a shell or mucous layer for protection

What do flatworms look like?

They have flat bodies, head and a tail.

Describe Arthropods' bodies.

They have jointed legs and a body that is divided into sections.

Where do annelids live?

They only live on land and don't live inside an animals body.

Insects are most closely related to:

crustaceans

A __________ plane divides the animal body into dorsal and ventral parts.

frontal

Hundreds or thousands of individuals of certain __________ form colonies in which each polyp has a special function such as feeding, reproduction, or defense.

hydrozoans

The nervous system of many species of flatworms:

is a "ladder-type."

Ribbon worms have a unique __________ that is used to capture prey.

proboscis

Deuterostomes are characterized by ____ and ____ cleavage

radial; indeterminate

Adult tunicates resemble ____and are ____.

sponges, filter feeders

Give 3 examples of flatworms.

tapeworms, flukes and planarians.

Describe Characteristics of organisms belonging to Phylum Annelida (Annulus - Segmented)

* 3 cell layer * Segmented tubular body Earthworm very few bristles Bristle - many bristles Leech - no bristles

Describe Characteristics of organisms belonging to Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)

* 3 cell layers: endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm * Some free living * Some parasitic

Describe Characteristics of organisms belonging to Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms)

* Mouth to Anus, open Digestive System * 3 cell layers * some free living * Some parasitic

Choanocyte

Collar cells that line the body cavity and have flagella that circulate water in sponges

Class ____ includes mostly extinct species and a few current species such as feather stars and sea lilies.

Crinoidea

Which of the following arthropod groups is almost exclusively aquatic in habitat?

Crustacea

What are animals that feed on things in the bottom of the ocean floor

Deposit Feeders. ex Sea Cucumbers

Give examples of annelids.

Earthworms, Leeches and Marine worms.

What are the three major groups (classes) of Arthropods?

Insects Chelicerates Crustaceans

1.3 million species of animal have been described: over 95% of these are what?

Invertebrates

Which statement best describes a lophophore?

It is a ciliated ring of tentacles surrounding the mouth

What is an annelid nervous system like?

It is a simple nervous system.

Polyp

It is sessile, non moving, phase of Cnidarians.

What is a sponge shaped like?

It is shaped like a sac with an opening at the top.

Give 4 examples of cnidarians?

Jellyfish, sea anemone, corals and hydra.

Which of the following does not characterize arthropods?

an incomplete digestive tract

Sponge larvae:

are flagellated and able to swim

The first air-breathing land animals were:

arthropods

Sea stars are primarily

carnivores

You take a dog's temperature at the rectal end of the large intestine. Which surface is this?

caudal

Hermaphroditic earthworms reproduce sexually by connecting their bodies by their __________. This allows transfer of __________ from one worm to the other.

clitellum; sperm

In cnidarians, nematocysts are housed in specialized cells called:

cnidocytes

Lancelets are:

filter feeders

Members of the class Bivalvia:

have a mantle that may form pearls

One characteristic of the class Holothuroidea is that they:

have a reduced endoskeleton consisting of microscopic plates embedded in the body wall.

All cephalic organisms:

have bilateral symmetry

Your abdominal cavity, which contains most of your major organs:

is a coelom lined by mesoderm

Urochordates are odd chordates, as typically only the ____ show(s) the basic chordate characteristics.

larva

Most mollusks are:

marine

Sea stars eat:

mostly crustaceans and mollusks.

Currently, for any organism to be considered as an animal it must:

not be an autotroph.

Extinct jawless fish include the:

ostracoderms.

Most representatives of the phylum Porifera gain nutrition as:

suspension feeders

Which structure is used to help regulate buoyancy of fish?

swim bladder

The primary problem animals faced in adapting to life on land was:

the dry atmosphere

Echinoderms are unique because:

their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical while the adult is pentaradially symmetrical.

One of the disadvantages of exoskeletons in arthropods is that:

they must be shed when the animal grows.

The most unique feature of the echinoderms is their:

water vascular system

One adaptation of insects that is specific to this group among all arthropods is:

wings

How do porifera feed?

By choanocytes generating a current with flagella, filtering water and capturing food particles to make a food vacuole.

How do cnidarian catch their prey?

By stinging them with stinging tentacles called nematocysts.

Name 3 Classes in Phylum Mollusca

C. Bivalve - clams, oysters, scollops C. Gastropoda - snails, slugs C. Cephalopoda - octopus, squid

Freshwater, polyp only and solitary

Hydra

Amoebocyte

Wandering, pseudopod bearing cells in the mesohyl; function in food uptake from choanocytes, food digestion, nutrient distribution to other cells, formation of skeletal fibers, gamete formation

Radial symmetry

a body plan that can be divided into pie shaped sections around a line

Spiny echidnas are unlike other mammals in that they:

do not have nipples.

How many body openings openings do cnidarians possess?

1 body opening.

Movable spines are found on ____ of the phylum Echinodermata.

Echinoidea

What are echinoderms skeletons made of?

Hard plates often with spines.

How developed are molluscs' organs?

Highly developed.

Give examples of roundworms.

Hookworms and Ascaris.

Phylum Cnidaria (Examples)

Hydra Coral Jellyfish Anemone

What is another name for Flatworms?

Platyhelminthes.

List the 8 Phylums types of invertebrates we studied.

Porifera (Sponges) Cnidarian (Jellyfish) Platyhelminthes (Flat worms) Nematodes (Round worms) Annelids (Segmented worms) Molluscs Arthropods Echinoderms

What are the parts of the molluscs' body?

The mantle, the visceral mass and the muscular foot that may be modified into tentacles.

What is the simplest kind of invertebrate?

The sponge.

Bilateral symmetry

a body plan in which a single imaginary line can divide the body into left and right sides that are mirror images of each other

An elongate uniramid with many legs as well as poison claws is called:

a centipede

The head end of an animal is termed its:

anterior end

As adults, __________ are sessile crustaceans

barnacles

Hox genes have been identified in:

both bilaterally symmetric and radially symmetric animals only

Gas exchange in terrestrial insects is accomplished through:

the use of tracheae

How many layers is a sponge's body made of?

2 cell layers.

How many segments is the body of arthropods divided into?

3 - The head, the thorax/cephalothorax and abdomen.

Within the kingdom Animalia there are about:

35 phyla.

What is a cnidarian?

A cnidarian is an animal with arm like parts called tentacles.

How is a pseudocoelom different from a coelom?

A coelom is a cavity fully lined by mesoderm.

Medusa

A free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles that reproduces sexually.

Osculum

A large opening on a sponge through which filtered water is expelled

What covers echinoderms?

A thin skin.

Invertebrates

Animals that do not have a backbone

How many layers do the bodies of annelids have?

Bodies have 3 layers and are divided into segments.

Porocyte

Cells which form pores; possess a hollow channel through the center which extends from the outer surface (incurrent pore) to spongocoel.

Phylum Annelida (Examples)

Leeches Earthworms Marine - Bristle worms

Where do crustaceans live?

Most live in the sea.

Where do most molluscs live?

Most live in water, snails and slugs live on land.

You have a sample of cat emesis (vomit) and find worms in the sample. The cylindrical worms are long and slender, pointed at each end, with no other distinguishing characteristics. They are members of the phylum:

Nematoda

Give another name for roundworms.

Nematodes.

Which class of echinoderms has the greatest species diversity?

Ophiuroidea

All of the following are characteristic of life in a marine environment except?

Osmotic balance is very difficult for invertebrates to maintain

Deuterostomes evolved during the ____ eon

Proterozoic

What are annelids?

Segmented worms.

How do Echinoderms reproduce?

Sexually or by fragmentation.

Give 3 examples of crustaceans.

Shrimp, lobster and crab.

Epidermis

Single layer of flattened cells which forms outer surface sponge

Where do flatworms live?

Some live as parasites in the bodies of other animals, and others live in wet environments.

Give some examples of molluscs.

Squids Mussels Slugs Oysters Octopus Cuttlefish Nautilus Snails Limpets

Nematocysts

Stinging cells on tentacles

Cnidarians have 2 body forms. What are they?

Swimming medusa (umbrella shaped, floating freely) and sessile polyps (a bag shape fixed to the ground)

What do cnidarian mouths have?

Tentacles with stinging cells and a gastrovascular cavity.

How is Arthropods body supported?

There body is supported by small needles called 'spicules' made by archeocytes

What do ribbon worms and flatworms have in common?

They are acoelomates.

What do roundworms look like?

They are cylindrical and have thin bodies with pointed ends.

How do arthropods breathe?

They breathe by gills (aquatic) or by spiracles with tracheal tubes (terrestrial) or by book lungs (terrestrial)

How do sponges reproduce?

They can reproduce sexually or asexually (fragmentation or budding)

What is one identifying feature of an echinoderm?

They have a five way (penta-radial) symmetry.

Some cnidarian's stay in one place, others move around. True or False?

True.

Mesohyl

a gelatinous region between the two layers of cells of a sponge

Diploblastic animals, such as cnidarians and __________, have only two germ layers, ectoderm and __________.

ctenophores; endoderm

The lining of the digestive tube is formed from:

endoderm

Which of the following was not an adaptation for animals to live on land?

external respiratory surfaces

Cnidaria are herbivores. True or False?

false. Cnidaria are carnivores and catch their prey.

Animals with a crown of cilia that look like a spinning wheel are the:

rotifers

Within the phylum Cnidaria, corals are most closely related to:

sea anemones

Critical to polychaete and oligochaete locomotion are:

setae.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of any animal?

share a common body plan

The adult form of which of the following animals is not capable of locomotion?

sponges

Traditionally, the _______ were assigned to the basal group called Parazoa.

sponges