Biology 2114 Unit IV Multiple Choice
Which of the following is not a base-forming element? A. Chlorine B. Potassium C. Sodium D. Magnesium
a. chlorine
The substance most often measured to determine normal kidney function is: A. creatinine. B. glucose. C. sodium. D. potassium.
a. creatinine
The layer of the uterus from which tissue is sloughed during menstruation is the: A. endometrium. B. myometrium. C. parietal peritoneum.
a. endometrium
Carbonic acid results primarily from the metabolism of: A. glucose. B. amino acids. C. fats. D. ribonucleotides.
a. glucose
The regulation of acid-base balance in the body fluids refers to the control of: A. hydrogen ion concentration. B. bicarbonate ion concentration. C. potassium ion concentration. D. chloride ion concentration.
a. hydrogen ion concentration
Potassium-rich foods can be used to treat: A. hypokalemia. B. hypernatremia. C. hyponatremia. D. hyperkalemia.
a. hypokalemia
Juxtaglomerular cells are located in the: A. kidney. B. adrenal cortex. C. liver. D. adrenal medulla.
a. kidney
The major organ that balances sodium and potassium in the body is the: A. kidney. B. skin. C. gastrointestinal tract. D. lungs.
a. kidney
Which of the following is not considered a "transcellular fluid"? A. Lymph B. Cerebrospinal fluid C. The humors of the eye D. Joint fluid
a. lymph
Which of the following minerals is important in blood cell production? A. Magnesium B. Iron C. Manganese D. Iodine
a. magnesium
Which of the following is not an accessory sex organ of the female reproductive system? A. Ovary B. Vagina C. Fallopian tube D. Mammary glands
a. ovary
Which of the following is most basic? A. Oven cleaner B. Baking soda C. Household ammonia D. Great Salt Lake water
a. oven cleaner
Which of the following would have the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions? A. pH 2 B. pH 6 C. pH 8 D. pH 10
a. pH 2
Which of the following would indicate a neutral solution? A. pH 7 B. pH 6 C. pH 8 D. pH 10
a. pH 7
The layer that is incomplete because it covers none of the cervix and only part of the body is called the: A. parietal peritoneum. B. myometrium. C. endometrium. D. symphysis pubis.
a. parietal peritoneum
Glucagon increases the activity of: A. phosphorylase. B. phosphatase. C. amylase. D. glucokinase.
a. phosphorylase
Prolonged hyperventilation tends to: A. produce alkalosis. B. decrease blood pH. C. produce acidosis. D. stimulate increased production of carbonic acid.
a. produce alkalosis
Under normal conditions, most nutrients are reabsorbed in which portion of the nephron? A. Proximal tubule B. Ascending loop of Henle C. Distal tubule D. Collecting tubule
a. proximal tubule ?
Which of the following is a part of the supporting structures of the male reproductive system? A. Scrotum B. Spermatic cord C. Prostate D. Seminal vesicle
a. scrotum
Which of the following is/are not classified as an accessory organ(s) of the reproductive system in the male? A. Testes B. Epididymides C. Urethra D. Seminal vesicles
a. testes
A person in good health has about how many nephrons? A. 500,000 B. 2.5 million C. 1.25 million D. 4.5 million
b. 2.5 million ??
In young adults, the percentage of body weight composed of water will average about: A. 40% for males and 50% for females. B. 60% for males and 50% for females. C. 70% for males and 60% for females. D. 60% for males and 70% for females.
b. 60% for males and 50% for females
The normal pH range for blood is: A. 7.1 to 7.5. B. 7.36 to 7.41. C. 7.01 to 7.56. D. 7.23 to 7.66.
b. 7.36 to 7.41
Which of the following is most indicative of a normal blood sugar level? A. 70-90 mg/100 ml B. 80-100 mg/100 ml C. 90-110 mg/100 ml D. 100-120 mg/100 ml
b. 80-100 mg/100 ml
Diets high in saturated fats and cholesterol tend to increase the blood ____ concentration. A. HDL B. LDL C. VLDL
b. LDL
Which type of tissue has the least amount of water? A. Muscle B. Adipose C. Bone D. Nervous
b. adipose
Sulfuric acid results from the metabolism of: A. glucose. B. amino acids. C. fats. D. ribonucleotides.
b. amino acids
The process by which proteins are synthesized by the ribosomes in all cells is called protein: A. catabolism. B. anabolism. C. metabolism.
b. anabolism
Urine formation involves all the following processes except: A. filtration. B. catabolism. C. reabsorption. D. secretion.
b. catabolism
The male perineum extends from the pubis anteriorly to what structure posteriorly? A. Base of the scrotum B. Coccyx C. Anus D. Gluteal folds
b. coccyx
A drop in systemic blood pressure would cause the filtration rate to: A. increase. B. decrease. C. stay the same.
b. decrease
Abnormal conditions that cause fluid and electrolyte output to exceed input include all the following except: A. vomiting. B. drinking liquids too fast. C. hyperventilating. D. diarrhea.
b. drinking liquids too fast
Which of the following is not a secreting gland in the male reproductive system? A. Seminal vesicle B. Epididymis C. Prostate D. Bulbourethral
b. epididymis
The opening of the urethra at the tip of the glans is called the: A. prepuce. B. external urinary meatus. C. corpora cavernosa. D. glans penis.
b. external urinary meatus
Cerebrospinal fluid is part of the: A. intracellular fluid. B. extracellular fluid. C. interstitial fluid. D. both A and C.
b. extracellular fluid
The conversion of proteins to glucose is an example of: A. glycogenesis. B. gluconeogenesis. C. glycogenolysis. D. glycolysis.
b. glucogenesis
The preferred energy fuel of the body is: A. fructose. B. glucose. C. amino acids. D. fatty acids.
b. glucose
The process of splitting glycogen is called: A. glycogenesis. B. glycogenolysis. C. gluconeogenesis.
b. glycoenolysis
An increased blood sugar level stimulates which of the following to occur? A. Glycogenolysis B. Glycogenesis C. Gluconeogenesis D. Glycolysis
b. glycogenesis ?
The hormone capable of causing both protein anabolism and catabolism is: A. thyroid hormone. B. growth hormone. C. insulin. D. ACTH.
b. growth hormone
The hormone that has a tendency to inhibit fat catabolism is: A. ACTH. B. insulin. C. growth hormone. D. glucocorticoids.
b. insulin
Which of the following is true of catabolism? A. It is a synthesis process involving the release of energy. B. It is a decomposition process involving the release of energy. C. It is a synthesis process involving the use of energy. D. It is a decomposition process involving the use of energy.
b. it is a decomposition process involving the release of energy
Which of the following sites of fluid loss can be automatically adjusted according to fluid intake volume? A. Intestine B. Kidney C. Lungs D. Skin
b. kidney
The main factor determining male fertility is the: A. size of the sperm. B. number of sperm ejaculated. C. shape of the sperm. D. motility of the sperm.
b. number of sperm ejaculated
The process of egg formation is called: A. ovulation. B. oogenesis. C. fertilization. D. germination.
b. oogenesis
All of the following are classified as accessory organs of reproduction in the female except the: A. vagina. B. ovaries. C. vulva. D. uterus.
b. ovaries
The body fluid that stays constant as a percent of body weight throughout life is: A. intracellular fluid. B. plasma. C. interstitial fluid. D. extracellular fluid.
b. plasma.
Which of these is not an acid-forming element? A. Chloride B. Potassium C. Sulfur D. Phosphorus
b. potassium
Which structure of the kidney narrows as it exits the kidney to become the ureter? A. Renal pyramids B. Renal pelvis C. Renal columns D. Hilum
b. renal pelvis
Which structure is not found in the scrotum? A. Testes B. Seminal vesicles C. Lower part of the spermatic cord D. Epididymis
b. seminal vesicles
In the male reproductive system, the essential organs of reproduction are called: A. seminal vesicles. B. testes. C. vasa deferentia. D. Cowper glands.
b. testes
The structure that connects the epididymis with the ejaculatory duct is the: A. urethra. B. vas deferens. C. seminal vesicle. D. scrotum.
b. vas deferens
The total fluid or water content of the human body ranges from: A. 15% to 25% of its total weight. B. 25% to 45% of its total weight. C. 45% to 75% of its total weight. D. 75% to 85% of its total weight.
c. 45% to 75% of its total weight
As related to the Starling law, which of the following has the greatest effect on water reentering the capillaries? A. Blood hydrostatic pressure B. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure C. Blood colloid osmotic pressure D. Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure
c. Blood colloid osmotic pressure
Which of the following vitamins is not stored in significant amounts in the body and must be continually supplied to the diet? A. D B. K C. C D. E
c. C
In the kidney, blood flows from the interlobular artery into the: A. glomerulus. B. efferent arteriole. C. afferent arteriole. D. peritubular capillaries.
c. afferent arteriole
Which of the following minerals is important in bone formation, blood clotting, and nerve function? A. Phosphorus B. Iron C. Calcium D. Cobalt
c. calcium
At the beginning of the "plumbing system" of the urinary system, urine leaving the renal papilla is collected in the cuplike structures called: A. renal columns. B. renal pyramids. C. calyces. D. ureters.
c. calyces
To be capable of fertilizing an ovum, sperm must undergo a process called: A. epiphyseal closure. B. ejaculation. C. capacitation. D. gonadotropin secretion.
c. capacitation
The portion of the nephron that empties into a calyx is the: A. distal tubule. B. loop of Henle. C. collecting tubule. D. proximal tubule.
c. collecting tubule
What reproductive duct is divided into the head, body, and tail? A. Vas deferens B. Ejaculatory duct C. Epididymis D. Seminal vesicle
c. epididymis
The appetite center is located in the: A. stomach. B. small intestine. C. hypothalamus. D. cerebrum.
c. hypothalamus
Prolonged hyperventilation may: A. decrease blood pH. B. produce acidosis. C. increase blood pH. D. result in both A and B.
c. increase blood pH
Which of the following hormones is not hyperglycemic? A. Glucagon B. Glucocorticoids C. Insulin D. Epinephrine
c. insulin
Which of the following is true of metabolism? A. It involves both a physical and a chemical breakdown of foods. B. It occurs both inside and outside of cells. C. It involves synthesis and decomposition. D. Energy is released from the process of anabolism and catabolism.
c. it involves synthesis and decompostion
Which of the following is considered a powerful physiological buffering system of the body? A. Skin B. Liver C. Kidney D. Intestinej
c. kidney
The Krebs cycle takes place in the: A. ribosome. B. cytoplasm. C. mitochondria. D. Golgi apparatus.
c. mitochondria
An increase in respiratory rate would result in a decrease in all of the following except: A. carbon dioxide. B. acidity. C. pH. D. hydrogen ions.
c. pH
Which of the following is not a supporting structure of the male reproductive system? A. Penis B. Scrotum C. Prostate D. Pair of spermatic cords
c. prostate
Which large molecules are retained by the selectively permeable cell membrane? A. Sodium ions B. Potassium ions C. Proteins
c. proteins
A supporting structure of the male reproductive system is the: A. epididymis. B. urethra. C. spermatic cord. D. Cowper gland.
c. spermatic cord
Excess glucose and amino acids are converted to: A. fatty acids. B. glycerol. C. triglycerides. D. phospholipids.
c. triglycerides
The most common lipids in the diet are: A. phospholipids. B. cholesterol. C. triglycerides. D. prostaglandins.
c. triglycerides
The dense, white, fibrous capsule that encases each testis is called the: A. rete testis. B. efferent ductule. C. tunica albuginea. D. scrotum.
c. tunica albuginea
Which of the following ratios of base bicarbonate to carbonic acid will maintain a normal pH? A. 3:1 B. 5:1 C. 10:1 D. 20:1
d. 20:1
The pH of the blood is maintained at approximately: A. 7.1. B. 7.2. C. 7.3. D. 7.4.
d. 7.4
The percentage of water in urine is approximately: A. 55%. B. 65%. C. 80%. D. 95%.
d. 95%
Which of the following is not considered an extracellular fluid? A. Lymph B. Plasma C. The aqueous fluid of the eye D. All of the above are extracellular fluids.
d. all of the above are extracellular fluids
Which of these statements is not true of the kidney? A. The kidney is usually located next to the vertebrae from T12 to L3. B. The kidney is retroperitoneal. C. The kidney is protected by a heavy layer of fat. D. All of the above are true.
d. all of the abover are true
The nitrogenous wastes in the urine are usually the result of protein catabolism. They include all but: A. urea. B. ammonia. C. creatinine. D. amino acids.
d. amino acids
The portion of the nephron tubule that is essentially always impermeable to water is the: A. proximal tubule. B. distal tubule. C. collecting tubule. D. ascending loop of Henle.
d. ascending loop of henle
Which of the following is not a method used for parenteral administration? A. Intravenous B. Subcutaneous C. Intramuscular D. By mouth
d. by mouth
ADH has the greatest effect on the reabsorption of water in the: A. proximal tubule. B. ascending loop of Henle. C. descending loop of Henle. D. distal tubule.
d. distal tubule
What process uses high-energy electrons and hydrogen carriers to release energy? A. Krebs cycle B. Anaerobic pathway C. Glycolysis D. Electron transport chain
d. electron transport chain
The accessory organs of the male reproductive system include all the following except: A. epididymis. B. vasa deferentia. C. urethra. D. gonads.
d. gonads
The thirst center, which contains specialized cells called osmoreceptors, is located in the: A. pons. B. anterior pituitary. C. posterior pituitary. D. hypothalamus.
d. hypothalamus
Which of the following statements is true? A. Hypoventilation can cause alkalosis. B. Hyperventilation can cause acidosis. C. Hyperventilation can cause a drop in pH. D. Hypoventilation can cause a drop in pH.
d. hypoventilation can cause a drop in pH
Edema is defined as abnormally large amounts of fluid in the: A. capillaries. B. cells. C. veins. D. intercellular spaces.
d. intercellular spaces
Which of the following sites of fluid loss can be automatically adjusted according to fluid intake volume? A. Lungs B. Skin C. Intestine D. Kidney
d. kidney
A portion of the nephron that can lie within the medulla is the: A. proximal tubule. B. Bowman capsule. C. distal tubule. D. loop of Henle.
d. loop of henle
Hyperventilation can result in loss of consciousness because: A. oxygen levels become too high. B. oxygen levels become too low. C. carbon dioxide levels are elevated. D. of alkalosis.
d. of alkalosis
The region between the vaginal orifice and the anus is called the: A. mons pubic. B. labia majora. C. labia minora. D. perineum.
d. perineum
The gland that secretes an alkaline substance that constitutes about 30% of the seminal fluid is the: A. seminal vesicle. B. Cowper gland. C. bulbourethral gland. D. prostate gland.
d. prostate gland
The urethra runs through the center of the: A. seminal vesicle. B. Cowper gland. C. bulbourethral gland. D. prostate gland.
d. prostate gland
Which of the following substances is released by the juxtaglomerular cells? A. Cortisol B. Antidiuretic hormone C. Aldosterone D. Renin
d. renin
Which vein drains into the renal vein? A. Lobar vein B. Arcuate vein C. Interlobular vein D. Segmental vein
d. segmental vein
Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube called the: A. renal column. B. renal pelvis. C. urethra. D. ureter.
d. ureter
Which of the following structures is not classified as internal genitals of the female reproductive system? A. Ovaries B. Uterine tubes C. Vagina D. Vulva
d. vulva
As related to the Starling law, which of the following is the greatest pressure at the arterial end of the capillaries? A. Blood hydrostatic pressure B. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure C. Blood colloid osmotic pressure D. Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure
a. Blood hydrostatic pressure
The shape of the kidney could best be described as: A. bean-shaped. B. pear-shaped. C. pea-shaped. D. potato-shaped.
a. bean-shaped