Ch16-23 SAQ
briefly explain one specific cause from 1865-1898 other than the frontier experience that shaped american culture or character (ch17)
****racism; hollywood whitens the west- movies and tv shows abt this time period are made more than any other time periods but represent a white west
briefly explain one significant effect of the overbuilding of the railroads on the US economy from 1865-1900 (ch16)
***middle class growth- railroad promotion leads to corporation growth leads to increasing number of good paying jobs leads to significant middle class growth In the early 19 century over building of railroads caused spaces between the tracks so it was less efficient and then they needed trunk lines
briefly explain one specific historical event or development that shaped American-Mexican relations from 1865-1917 (ch20)
A revolution took place in Mexico so America placed an embargo against them and sent ships to block the port. but after sailors were captured and released with no apology, US troops were sent to occupy Veracruz. a war almost started but it was solved by the help of the ABC's powers. then more rebels led by villa were killing Americans in Texas, so troops were sent back in. but we're taking out due to World War I so issues were high with Mexico at this time
Briefly explain one example of an African-American artists achievement from the era that would support this excerpt
Aaron Douglas was famous for being a graphic artist and painter. he depicted the struggles that blacks face. he won many awards like having his work featured in the national urban league's magazine. Him achieving this and being famous leads to more people knowing of the struggles, and even leading to more empathy and understanding.
briefly explain one historical event or development that supports the view that imperialist motives caused the spanish-american war (ch20)
After the sinking of the USS Maine, Mckinley gave Spain an ultimatum and if not accepted the US would intervene in the Cuban revolt to end torture, protect US property in Cuba, end trade corruption, and bring peace back for good
briefly explain one change in visual arts or architecture that was influenced by the economic and cultural changes in the late 1800s (ch18)
As the culture of America shifted to urban areas and a more industrialized life so did the painting paintings of George bellows. he depicted scenes of every day life of poor people in urban places as did many other painters of the time.
Briefly explain one example of how religion and science were source of conflict in American society during the 1920s
At this time many teachers wanted to teach students of evolution, yet religious leaders and parents were against it. One conflict resulted in the Scopes monkey trial which was between a teacher who wanted to teach evolution, the scientific reasoning for humans, and the religious parents who thought it illegal due to their beliefs of creationism.
briefly explain one cause of the often stalemated and ineffective government on a national level during the period from 1877 to 1900 (ch19)
Because ideas at this time we're so controversial and opposite neither side wanted to pick a side because they didn't want to turn people away from their parties, therefore nothing ever got done. and politicians at this time we're often not passionate because they felt that everything had also had already been solved by the Civil War.
briefly explain one change in literature or music that was influenced by the economic and cultural changes in the late 1800s (ch18)
Because of the change in culture to a more urbanized society, and change and economy to industrialization, regionalist writers emerged. one was Bret Harte who wrote of life in rough mining camps in the west
Briefly explain one reason why the progressives thought government needed to play a more active role in solving America's problems
Before with the theory of laissez-faire and capitalism the government was more hands off and didn't regulate as much which is why trust and monopolies got so out of hand because business could do what they wanted. therefore, progressives wanted the government to help more because they could make laws and acts to help regulate trusts and better the lives of Americans.
Briefly explain one specific example from Carnegie's career that supports his point of view on competition
Carnegie used the business strategy vertical integration. so he controlled every level of the industrial process, therefore competing with other companies to keep a hold of every level
briefly explain one specific reform movement that developed in the period from 1865 to 1900 to address one or more urban problems (ch18)
City Beautiful Movement- make cities appealing to the eye; tree-lines streets, public parks, and cultural attractions
Briefly explain one way the red scare was related to World War I
During the war Americans had high anti-German hysteria so when it ended that great fear towards immigrants still remained and then they decided to focus it on communists. Communists had taken over in Russia and now instead of being scared Germans and Americans feared anyone they thought was a communist
briefly explain one specific effect of the closing of the frontier on american society that troubled turner (ch17)
He believed the frontier promoted independence and rugged individualism due to the hard work those who went there had to put in to survive
Briefly explain one development in the period from 1865 to 1900 that supported the point of view of the artist
High tariffs caused other nations to place taxes on US farm products which lost them sales and cause the prices to go down but industry benefited because of the low prices and the high tariff, therefore the Wall Street benefited again.
Briefly explain one significant difference or contrast between Hofstadter's interpretation and foner's interpretation of the populists
Hofstadter sees the populist movement as wishing things could go back to the way they were before money was power and when farmers were power. Foner sees the populist movement as rethinking the meaning of freedom, that they aren't looking back, they know they must change and adapt to the new society of big business economics.
Briefly explain how one of the reforms identified above either reflected or violated Wilson's policies promised in his new freedom campaign
In Wilson's new freedom campaign he promised to attack tariffs, banking, and trusts. therefore Wilson lowering the tariff rates with the Underwood tariff backed up his promise to cut back tariffs
briefly explain one specific historical event or development that worsened American-Japanese relations from 1865-1917 (ch20)
Japanese nationalists blamed the United States because they believed they deserved more from Russia than what they got in the treaty of Portsmouth.
Briefly explain one specific cause of the anti-immigration sentiment in the period from 1865 to 1900
Labor unions felt that the immigrants, especially the Chinese, were taking their jobs. they also believe their employers would use immigrants to lower wages and break strikes.
Briefly explain one development that caused the disillusionment among writers of the 1920s
One example is the new society revolving around materialism and business they saw these things as disappointing because of how values had changed and the world was consumed by consumer society, these writers were known as the "lost generation".
briefly explain one significant factor that influenced voting patterns during the period from 1865 to 1900 (ch19)
One factor that influenced voting patterns was the coinage of silver. Democrats favored the unlimited coinage of silver while Republicans preferred gold. this was a heated argument and even divided parties because of how controversial it was.
Briefly explain one way the post war labor problems were related to World War I
One way is the fact that all the sudden millions of people were coming back to America looking for jobs. When men left for the war they left their jobs open therefore letting women and African-Americans take their jobs. but now they came back needing jobs again. so this led to higher unemployment due to the sudden flux of people in America
Briefly explain one significant contribution to this philosophy of pragmatism to the progressive movement
Progressives used pragmatism to challenge notions that were in the way of reform. one example of this is how they rejected the Laissez-faire theory because they believed it to be impractical. they believed in a more hands on approach of government to benefit workers.
Briefly explain one way the race riots of 1917 to 1919 were related to World War I
Race riots were linked to the war because many African-Americans migrated to the cities during the war due to the opening of factory jobs. because there was an increase of blacks in the north whites felt threatened because they thought they were taking their jobs, which of course led to riots of angry white people and then violence.
Briefly explain one significant contribution of either scientific management or regulatory commissions to the progressive movement
Regulatory commissions were in part meant to regulate railroads so when the Elkins act was created the interstate commerce commission had more power to stop railroads from favoring customers.
Briefly explain one significant impact of World War I on American woman
Since men left for the war, and left their jobs open, women were able to step in. because of their new participation in the war effort, like making war materials in factories, they got the 19th amendment which was the right to vote.
briefly explain one specific example of how the railroad promoted the development of the us economy from 1865-1900 (ch16)
Steel Industry- with the uprising of the rail companies, Carnegie was able to more efficiently ship steel places which meant he needed more workers to package and handle the shipments
Briefly explain one important difference in the immigration legislation of the 1920s in comparison to earlier periods
The 1920s saw a rise in nativism, meaning that immigration legislation then too started to strictly limit immigration. An example of this are the quota laws at the time that limited the number of foreigners from a certain nation coming to America.
briefly explain one specific historical event or development that improved American-BRitish relations from 1865-1917 (ch20)
The British agreed with US demands to fix a dispute over the Venezuela boundary dispute. because they chose US friendship over wanting more land in South America they became much closer friends than before with their rivalry.
Briefly explain one change in federal immigration policy from 1865 to 1900 that either supported or opposed the cartoonists point of view
The Chinese exclusion act of 1882 supports the cartoonists point of view. it's supports it because this act stopped immigrants coming from China into the US.
briefly explain one specific factor that limited the south from making more progress toward the goals of the 'new south' movement from 1865 to 1898 (ch17)
The South had a poorly educated workforce due to the lack of investments and technical and engineering schools like in the north
Briefly explain what the author most likely meant by "the very core of prejudice" faced by African Americans in the 1920s
The author means the underlying meaning of racism, like where it came from. he's trying to show that in this era, by their many achievements, they've been able to understand the true meaning behind racism
briefly explain one perspective expressed by the artist about Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy
The cartoonist sees Wilson as a sort of teacher to the smaller almost baby like countries. they believe Wilson really doesn't want these countries to fall under the power of another country but shows that all America can do is tell them not to but it's harder to actually stop them. (Especially because Mexico is holding a note behind his back on how to start a revolution).
Briefly explain one development during the 1920s that changed attitudes towards prohibition
The formation of organize crime started to get people to change their minds about prohibition. this is because the crime, like bootlegging, revolving around alcohol just kept increasing and becoming more organized, thus worse. this frightened people because they thought prohibition would lower crime but now it seemed to be the opposite
Briefly explain one example of how the government mobilized industry or labor during World War I
The fuel administration was created during World War I mobilization. this administration was made to save coal, and factories of not great use were closed, and daylight savings time was established
Briefly explain one important artistic response during the 1920s and 1930s to industrial development or urban experience
The new Art Deco style that emerged to make cities look more aesthetically pleasing. one thing that came out of this was the styling of the Empire State Building.
briefly explain the point of view of the cartoon on theater Roosevelt approach to trusts
The point of view of the cartoon on Roosevelt's approach to trust is that he only kills/gets rid of bad trusts but he keeps the good trusts as pets/restrains them. the cartoons view on this is good that he's busting bad trusts but in the background it seems like some trusts are missed behaving and he's ignoring them.
Briefly explain one example or development from 1865 to 1900 that could be used to support Hofstadter's interpretation of the populists
The populist party advocated a graduated income tax meaning the rich would be taxed more than the poor. this can be seen as trying to harm the money power and going back in time to when farmers were more rich
Briefly explain one example or development from 1865 to 1900 that could be used to support Foner's interpretation of the populists
The populist party tried to create an alliance between poor whites and poor blacks to get a larger platform for the fight for more fair economics. but the racism at the time was too high. this can be seen as them trying to rethink the meaning of freedom or stepping forward because they were trying to incorporate blacks, which wasn't seen often in the past.
briefly explain one reason that american cities were unprepared or slow to address problems such as the one identified above (ch18)
The public partly still held onto the view of laissez-fair, meaning that many still wanted government to be hands off and let the people and the states fix their own problems and let nature take it's toll, but with that not a lot to get done.
Briefly explain one example of how the media of 1920s contributed to the development of a shared national culture
The radio emerged during this time so now people from coast to coast could listen to the same programs. therefore bringing them together about the news and sports some people, like Billy Sunday, even drew large crowds by preaching their ideas.
briefly describe one specific way the southern economy did not change during the period from 1865 to 1898 (ch17)
The south still remained largely agricultural, and the poorest region in the country.
briefly explain one development in education that was influenced by the economic or cultural changes in the late 1800s (ch18)
There was growing support for tax-supported high schools, meaning these high schools were now able to develop into being more comprehensive. they begin to provide vocational and citizenship education
Briefly explain the point of view of the cartoon on theodore Roosevelt's distinction between good and bad trusts
They don't trust his distinction because they depict the good trust and the bad trust as the same animal and they look exactly the same. therefore showing that it will be hard for anyone to choose which trust is bad and which one is good.
Briefly explain the cartoonist point of view on immigration
They had a negative point of view because they saw it as wrong that the Chinese weren't allowed to come to America especially since America allowed "communists" and "hoodlums" in
briefly explain one historical event or development that supports the view that the spanish-american war caused changes in the American foreign policy (ch20)
This could be seen as a turning point because now European nations recognized the US as a first class power with a strong navy and willingness to take an active role in international affairs.
briefly explain one cause of very high voter turnout during the period from 1865 to 1900 (ch19)
This period was seen as a low point in politics, hence the name gilded age, because parties wouldn't take passionate stands on ideas. But that actually brought out more voters due to the less constricting parties and less controversial ideas.
briefly explain one reason why antitrust legislation was generally unsuccessful from 1865 to 1900 (ch16)
United States vs. E Knight Co. - ruled that the sherman anti trust act can only be applied to commerce not manufacturing
briefly explain one specific cause of the "sorting out classes at the workplace" from 1865 to 1900 (ch16)
Well industrialization made many people millionaires like Rockefeller and Carnegie with their monopolies (90% of wealth with 10% of the population). it also influenced many more jobs in the middle-class, like white-collar workers and then the poor people worked in the factories
Briefly explain one event during the Woodrow Wilson administration that supported the point of view expressed by the artist
When Mexico continues to be overrun by new dictators/rebels Wilson would not stop in his fight to keep them from falling away from democracy. He continued to send US troops into Mexico to fix disputes, like with villa and the revolution, even though Mexican leaders largely opposed it.
Briefly explain one development in the period from 1865 to 1900 that challenged the point of view expressed by the artist.
When inflammation occurred, farm prices rose and factory production increased. so that was something that actually benefited both sides
Briefly explain one way that the antitrust policies of Woodrow Wilson differed from those of Theodore Roosevelt
While Roosevelt was more hands on and cornered out specific trusts, Wilson focused on passing legislation like the Clayton Antitrust Act, and getting unions to not be seen as trusts.
Briefly explain one way the Wilson ministration fulfilled the long-standing goals of reforming federal tariffs and taxation policies
Wilson broke tradition of simply sending written messages to Congress and just told them in person that they needed to lower tariff rates. this was succeeded with the Underwood tariff and balanced with a graduated income tax so both sides were satisfied, therefore solving the problem
Briefly explain one way the Wilson administration fullfilled the long-standing goals of reforming the United States banking system
Wilson passed the Federal Reserve act. ever since Americans have been using federal reserve notes (dollar bills). these were more stable than arguing between gold and silver
Briefly explain one difference or similarity between the policies of Wilson and either Theodore Roosevelt or William Howard Taft.
Wilson wanted his foreign-policy to be seen as moral diplomacy but similarities between him and Roosevelt can still be seen. Roosevelt was very aggressive in his policies like with panama same with Wilson and him sending troops into Mexico constantly.
briefly explain one specific example of the increased opportunities for working women during the period from 1865-1900 (ch16)
as the demand for clerical workers increased, women moved into formerly male occupations as secretaries, bookkeepers, typists, and telephone operators
briefly describe one specific effect on american culture or character that historian frederick jackson turner attributed to the frontier experience (ch17)
created idea rugged individualism, where people didn't need outside assistance and were free of federal support
briefly explain one proposal of the populist party to reform politics or elections in the united states (ch19)
direct popular elections of US citizens
briefly explain one historical event or development that supports the view that humanitarian concerns caused the spanish american war (ch20)
during the cuban revolt, general weyler forced civilians into armed camps. tens of thousands of these civilians died of starvation and disease. weyler became known as the butcher throughout the US
briefly explain one specific change in the south that reflected the goals of the 'new south' movement from 1865 to 1898 (ch17)
economic progress- took over executives of New England states textiles, allowing the south to create 400 cotton mills and employ over 100,000 white workers which all enhances the movement for an industrial south
briefly explain one specific example of how government promoted the growth of railroads in the united states before 1900 (ch16)
federal land grants- (huge subsidies in the forms off loans and land grants) gov. gave railroad companies over 170 acres in checkerboard pattern to route the railroad
briefly explain one specific result of the election of 1896 to support the interpretation that it was a turning point in american politics (ch19)
from this point on, it was all about the funding. campaigns funded by corporations (big business) were the successful campaigns. money wins elections and that's just how it was/is.
briefly explain one business practice that caused or influenced the antitrust movement from 1865-1900 (ch16)
horizontal integration- former competitors are brought under a single corporate umbrella. practiced w rockefeller's standard oil monopoly
briefly explain one historical event or development from Rockefeller's career that supports his views on competition (ch16)
practiced horizontal integration (former competitors are bright under a single corporate umbrella) by using new technology, obtaining rebates from rail companies and cutting wages which wiped out all competition
briefly explain one significant difference between Carnegie's perspective and Rockefeller's perspective on the role of competition in industrial development (ch16)
rockefeller- "god gave me my riches" (hard work + material success = gods favor) carnegie- god given responsibility to carry our actions for benefit of society
briefly explain one example of an antitrust effort from 1865 to 1900 (ch16)
sherman anti-trust act- prohibited any contract, combination, in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce
briefly explain one specific problem that was caused by the rapid growth of cities during the period from 1865 to 1900 (ch18)
slums/tenements- landlords divided innercity housing into windowless rooms. bc of this, almost 4,000 people lived in one city block which spread very deadly diseases
briefly explain one way the debate over the money supply affected the 1896 election (ch19)
wall street beats main street, and Republicans supported wall street. they're pro-big business which leads to a republicans domination for all but 8 of the next 36 years
briefly explain one specific cause of the expansion of the middle class during the period from 1865-1900 (ch16)
white collar jobs were created (accountants, clerical workers, salespeople) leading to an increased demand for services for the middle class (public employees, doctors, and lawyers).. nearly 2/3 of workers worked for wages at this point
