BIOLOGY 2301 EXAM 1 - STUDY SET CHAPTER, 1, 2, 3, 4

From the description of baby Sean's stool, what macromolecules do you suspect are NOT being digested?

lipids and carbohydrates

The trachea belongs to the __________ organ system.

respiratory

Cardiovascular function is an example of

systemic physiology

The monomers of protein are

amino acids

Effective auscultation of the lungs relies on knowledge of which of the following anatomical concepts?

anatomical landmarks

Records exist about ancient Greeks and Romans who performed dissections to get a better understanding of the structures that make up our body. Which of the following terms would best describe these early scientists?

anatomists

Identify the branch of biological science that studies the external and internal structure of the body and the physical relationship among body parts

anatomy

In an aqueous solution, cations are attracted toward

anions

Ions with a negative charge are called

anions

Generally, cells with a very brief interphase and lacking a G0 phase

are stem cells

The actual mass of an atom is known as its

atomic mass

A functional group is best described as reoccurring clusters of

atoms that form the main reactive area for a particular compound

Which letter represents the receptor?

body's temperature sensor information that affects the control center

Glycoproteins and proteoglycans are combinations of amino acids and

carbohydrates

By weight, which element is the second most abundant in the human body?

carbon

H2O is an example of a(n)

compound

The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells is called

cytology.

The study of the liver is to gross anatomy as the study of a liver cell is to

cytology.

Hydrolysis is an example of which type of reaction?

decomposition

Using directional references for a person in anatomical position, how would you describe the relationship of the hand compared to the elbow? To the groin? (Figure 1-5)

distal; lateral

Soluble inorganic compounds whose solutions will conduct an electric current are called

electrolytes

The study of the first two months of development is termed

embryology.

Chemical reactions that absorb energy are said to be _________

endergonic

Which of the following regions corresponds to the buttocks?

gluteal

Mucins are a type of ________ that absorb water to form mucus

glycoprotein

Which of the following is a particularly good strategy for a tactile learner?

highlighting key points while reading the textbook

The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is the

hypothalamus.

A solution that contains a lower osmotic pressure than the cytoplasm of a cell is called

hypotonic.

Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ________ system

integumentary

Which of the following is a particularly good study strategy for auditory learners?

listening to recorded lectures

Which organ system includes the spleen and the tonsils?

lymphatic

The heart is ________ to the lungs

medial

The molecule NO is known as

nitric oxide

Visceral pericardium is located

on the heart itself.

Physicians draw on numerous sources of information on patient health. The function of lungs, for instance, can be checked through careful listening with a stethoscope. Such practice is called auscultation and falls under which of the following particular physiological specialties?

organ physiology

Compounds that contain carbon as the primary structural atom are called ________ molecules.

organic

Which pH is closest to normal body pH?

pH 7

In living cells, complex metabolic reactions proceed in a series of steps called

pathways

Identify the structure located within the mediastinum

pericardial cavity

A defense cell engulfing a bacterium illustrates

phagocytosis.

A high-energy bond in ATP is present between

phosphate groups 1 and 2 and between phosphate groups 2 and 3

In the process of ________ a phosphate group is transferred to a molecule

phosphorylation

Identify the branch of biological science that deals with the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions

physiology

This type of feedback exaggerates the effects of variations from normal

positive

Stored energy that has the ability to do work is called

potential energy

In a chemical equation, what are the chemicals on the left side of the arrow called?

reactants

Chapter 01 Homework Art-labeling Activity: Abdominopelvic Regions

right hypochondriac region right upper region below the cartilage of the ribs that extend over the abdomen left hypochondriac region left upper region below the rib cartilage. epigastric region region above the stomach right lumbar region right middle region near the waist left lumbar region left middle region near the waist umbilical region region of the naval or umbilicus right inguinal region right lower region near the groin which is the area where the legs join the trunk of the body. this region is also known as the right iliac region because it lies near the ilium ( the upper portion of the hip bone). left inguinal region left lower region near the groin. also called the left iliac region hypogastric region middle lower region below the umbilical region

The urinary bladder is found in the ________ quadrant and the ________ quadrant.

right lower; left lower

The mediastinum

separates the pleural cavities and includes the pericardial cavity.

What type of body membrane is found lining the internal cavities of the body?

serous

consider sweetened ice tea. Which of the following is a solute?

sugar

A person lying on the bed and gazing at the ceiling is in the ________ position

supine

AB → A + B is to decomposition as A + B → AB is to

synthesis

Which of the following are especially important for growth and repair processes?

synthesis reactions

Which major body division and regional areas were affected by the stab wound?

the abdominal region of the axial division

Which of the following functional groups is the carboxyl group?

-COOH

Part APart complete Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the atoms, ions, and compound involved in the formation of sodium chloride, an example of an ionic bond.

1) Sodium atom = Formation of ions=NA CL = Chlorine atom 2)Sodium ion (NA+) = Attraction between opposite charges - NA CL= Chloride ion (Cl-) 3) Formation of an ionic compound = NA CL = Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

If an animal cell has 18 chromosomes and undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes would each daughter cell have?

18

Label the posterior anatomical landmarks. Part APart complete Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the posterior anatomical landmarks.

the cervical region encompassing the neck, the acromial region encompassing the shoulder, the brachial region encompassing the upper arm, the olecranal region encompassing the back of the elbow, the antebrachial region encompasses the back of the arm and the manual or manus region encompassing the back of the hand. The posterior regions of the legs, from superior to inferior, include the gluteal region encompassing the buttocks, the femoral region encompassing the thigh, the popliteal region encompassing the back of the knee, the sural region encompassing the back of the lower leg, the calcaneal region encompassing the heel, the plantar region encompassing the sole of the foot.

Which abdominal organs are most likely to be injured by this stabbing?

the liver, gall bladder, stomach, and both the large and small intestines

Label the anterior anatomical landmarks on the superior half of the body. Part APart complete Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the anterior anatomical landmarks on the superior half of the body.

the thoracic region encompassing the chest the mammary region encompassing each breast the sternal region encompassing the sternum the abdominal region encompassing the stomach area the umbilicus, or naval, is located at the center of the abdomen.[dubious - discuss] the coxal region encompassing the belt line the pubic region encompassing the area above the genitals. the axillary region encompassing the armpit, the brachial region encompassing the upper arm, the antecubital region encompassing the front of the elbow, the antebrachial region encompassing the forearm, the carpal region encompassing the wrist, the palmar region encompassing the palm, the digital/phalangeal region encompassing the fingers. The thumb is referred to as the pollex.

In a molecule of nitrogen, three pairs of electrons are shared by two nitrogen atoms. The type of bond that is formed is an example of a ________ bond.

triple covalent

The ________ is the membrane that covers the internal organs

visceral serosa

Which of the following is a particularly good technique for visual learners?

watching videos and animations

________ is a type of indigestible polysaccharide.

Cellulose

Arrange the items from the lowest to the highest level of organization. Part A Part complete Arrange the items from the lowest to the highest level of organization.

Chemical level Cellular level Tissue level Organ level Organ system level Organism level

Label the sectional planes of anatomical study. Part APart complete Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the sectional planes of anatomical study.

Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane) - A vertical plane running from side to side; divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions. Sagittal Plane (Lateral Plane) - A vertical plane running from front to back; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides. Axial Plane (Transverse Plane) - A horizontal plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts.

Part APart complete Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the terms of anatomical direction.

Cranial or Cephalic- Toward the head Ventral (Anterior) - toward belly or front Dorsal (Posterior) - nearer to the back Cranial - near the head Caudal - near sacrum or tail

An excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have fatal results because this can

All of the answers are correct.

Baby Sean has cystic fibrosis, which causes thick mucus secretions that can block ducts like the pancreatic duct, leading to insufficient enzymes in the small intestine. Why are these enzymes important?

Digestive enzymes catalyze decomposition reactions of complex food molecules into absorbable fragments; without its enzyme, a substrate cannot be degraded

Label the various components of the pH scale. Part A Part complete Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the various components of the pH scale.

Extremely acidic - Stomach acid Increasing concentration of H+ - beer, vinegar, wine, pickles, tomatoes, grapes Neutral - Pure water, Blood, saliva, milk, ocean water, and eggs Increasing concentration of OH- Household bleach, household ammonia Extremely basic - Household ammonia, oven cleaner, 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide

Most people have only one learning style preference

False

If you tell your instructor what your learning style preference is, he or she will likely modify the instructional approach to accommodate your needs

False (Although some instructors are quite accommodating, or they try to teach to multiple learning styles, they have many students with various learning styles and they are not likely to alter their course much for you. Instead, you need to customize your own approach to studying.)

Part A Part complete Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the different types of fats

Fatty acid - Common = lauric acid IUPAC = dodecanoic acid Abbrev. = C12:0 Other fatty acids (examples) •Myristic, tetradecanoic, C14:0 •Palmitic, hexadecanoic, C16:0 •Stearic, octadecanoic, C18 Prostaglandin - eicosanoids having a cyclopentane ring Triglyceride - Steroid (cholesterol) Phospholipid - The most abundant lipids in membranes & Possess a glycerol backbone & lipds that contain p atom Glycolipid -

Many medical terms are rooted in

Greek or Latin

Which of the following is an exchange reaction?

HCl+NaOH→NaCl+H2O

Chapter 02 Homework Art-labeling Activity: The Arrangement of Electrons into Energy Levels

Happy Henry Lithely Began Baking Cakes, Not Omitting Four Necessities H He Li Be B C N O F Ne (hydrogen. helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, neon)

hapter 01 Homework Art-labeling Activity: Negative Feedback: Control of Body Temperature

Homeostasis- maintaining normal body temperature receptors- body's temperature sensors ( information affects control center) stimulus-homeostasis disturbed by decreasing body temperature below 36.7 C Control center- Thermoregulatory center in brain (hypothalamus). and sends commands to Effectors, blood vessels and sweat glands in skin,, skeletal muscles effectors- responds with shivering, decreased sweating, decreased blood flow to skin then it is resored causing homeostasis

Part A Part complete Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify five common molecules bound by covalent bonds.

Hydrogen H-H Oxygen 0=0 Carbon dioxide O=C=O Nitrogen= N==N Nitric oxide N=O

Label the anterior anatomical landmarks on the inferior half of the body. Part APart complete Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the anterior anatomical landmarks on the inferior half of the body.

The pelvis and legs contain, from superior to inferior, the inguinal or groin region between the legs and the genitals, the pubic region surrounding the genitals, the femoral region encompassing the thighs, the patellar region encompassing the knee, the crural region encompassing the shin area of the leg, the fibular region encompassing the outside of the lower leg, the tarsal region encompassing the ankle, the pedal region encompassing the foot the digital/phalangeal region encompassing the toes. The great toe is referred to as the hallux.

Which of the following best describes dehydration synthesis?

Two smaller molecules join together after a water molecule is removed from between them

As part of his diagnostic testing, baby Sean underwent a sweat chloride test that measures the levels of NaCl in the sweat from the skin on the forearm. How does the bond between NaCl form?

When Na donates an electron to Cl, the Na atom becomes a cation and the Cl atom an anion. Since (+) and (-) charges attract each other, the Na+ and the Cl-; ions associate together, forming an ionic bond

Part A Part complete Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the steps in a reaction both with and without enzymes.

Without enzyme With enzyme Reactants Stable product

When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis

a disaccharide is formed.

In an aqueous solution, sodium ions would move toward

a negative terminal

When standing, moving toward the cranium is moving in __________ direction

a superior

An example of a sensor in a negative feedback loop that controls body temperature is __________.

a thermoreceptor

Part A Part complete In blood clotting, the platelets __________ to initiate the clotting process.

aggregate

Part A Part complete Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the structural components of an amino acid.

Amino group - H-N-H Central carbon - Middle c Carboxyl group - O=C=OH R (side chain) group - R

Part A Part complete Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify important functional groups found in organic compounds.

Amino group = R-N-H-H Carboxyl group = OH-R-C=O Hydroxyl group = R-O-H Phosphate group = 0= R-O-P-O-O

Which of the following statements is NOT true about autopsies?

Autopsies are used exclusively for internal examinations of a cadaver.

Drag each image to its correct step in the process of an enzyme catalyzing a synthesis reaction

SUBSTRATES, ACTIVE SITE, ENZYME S1 S2 ENZYME, ENZYME- SUBSTRATES COMPLEX (S1)(S2) (PRODUCT ENZYME) PRODUCT--------------ENZYME

Label the diagram to identify the organ systems. Part A Part complete Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the organ systems.

Integumentary System Components: skin, hair, nails, and associated glands Functions: protects underlying tissues and helps regulate body temperature Skeletal System Components: bones, ligaments, and associated cartilages Functions: supports the body, protects vital organs, and stores minerals, and forms blood cells Muscular System Components: skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle of the heart, and smooth muscles in the walls of internal organs Functions: moves the body and body parts, and produces heat Respiratory System Components: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs Functions: exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood in the lungs Cardiovascular System Components: blood, heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries Functions: transports materials to and from the body cells Lymphatic System Components: lymph, lymphatic vessels, and lymphatic tissues Functions: collects, cleanses, and returns interstitial fluid to the blood; provides immunity Upgrade to remove ads Only $1/month Urinary System Components: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra Functions: regulates volume and composition of blood by forming and excreting urine Endocrine System Components: hormone producing glands Functions: secretes hormones that regulate body functions Nervous System Components: brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors Functions: rapidly coordinates body functions and enables learning and memory Digestive System Components: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, anus, liver, pancreas, and associated structure Functions: Digests food and absorbs nutrients Male Reproductive System Components: testes, vasa deferentia, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, and penis Functions: produces sperm and transmits them into the female vagina during sexual intercourse Female Reproductive System Components: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva Functions: produces ova, receives sperm, provides intrauterine development of offspring, and enables birth of baby

Think about a 10% saline solution (saline refers to salt.). Which of the following is a correct statement?

It contains 10% solute and 90% solvent

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the structures of proteins.

Primary structure - sequence of a chain of amino acids secondary structure - hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone causes the amino acids to fold into a repeating pattern. Tertiary structure - three- dimensional folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions. Quaternary protein structures - proteins consisting of more than one amino acid chain

Label the terms of anatomical direction. Part A Part complete Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the terms of anatomical direction.

Superior (or cranial) describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper. The orbits are superior to the oris. Inferior (or caudal) describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column). The pelvis is inferior to the abdomen. Lateral describes the side or direction toward the side of the body. The thumb (pollex) is lateral to the digits. Medial describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body. The hallux is the medial toe. Proximal describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body. The brachium is proximal to the antebrachium. Distal describes a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body. The crus is distal to the femur.

_____ serves as a worldwide official standard of anatomical vocabulary

Terminologia Anatomica

What could be the cause of Sean's breathing problems?

The excess mucus also blocks passages in the respiratory system, which leads to problems with breathing.

Which four organ systems might be the most severely affected by the victim's injuries?

The four organ systems that would most likely be affected are the integumentary, muscular, digestive, and cardiovascular systems.

How are the victim's injuries affecting his ability to maintain homeostasis and what are the actions taken by the EMTs to combat that disruption?

The massive blood loss is going to have consequences on the ability to maintain adequate blood pressure and body fluid volume. The EMTs are administering IV fluids and trying to slow the bleeding by applying pressure.