Biology
Which of the following are possible locations where ribosomes serve as sites for protein synthesis in a eukaryotic cell? Multiple select question. bound to nucleus bound to endoplasmic reticulum bound to Golgi apparatus free in cytoplasm free in nucleus
bound to endoplasmic reticulum free in cytoplasm
The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by Multiple choice question. RNA. hydrogen bonds. proteins. covalent bonds.
hydrogen bonds
The first stage of translation, during which ribosomes assemble around mRNA is called ___________________.
initiation
The first stage of translation, during which ribosomes assemble around mRNA is called _______________________.
initiation
Rank the phases of translation in order of occurrence. initiation termination elongation
initiation elongation termination
Select the stages of translation. Multiple select question. replication ligation initiation termination elongation
initiation termination elongation
The noncoding portions of a gene that are removed from the mRNA copy during processing are called __________.
introns
Strings of ribosomes simultaneously translating a mRNA strand are called _____________________________.
polyribosomes
To initiate transcription, RNA polymerase binds to the __________region of the gene.
promoter
Each ribosomal subunit is composed of rRNA and many _______________.
proteins
The differences between different cell types and between different organisms are mainly based on the different types of ____________that they can build by following the instructions in their genes.
proteins
The molecules that serve as the link between genotype and phenotype are nucleic acids. lipids. carbohydrates. proteins.
proteins
During the ____________________ phase of translation, a completed protein is released.
termination
If each codon were composed of only 1 nucleotide, for how many amino acids (out of the 20) would there NOT be a code for? Multiple choice question. 8 12 16 4 0
16
Select all that apply Which of the following were direct contributions of the work of James Watson and Francis Crick? Multiple select question. Determined that nucleotides were paired inside the double helix Discovered the double helix shape of deoxyribonucleic acid Discovered that the amount of adenine was equal to that of thymine and that the amount of cytosine was equal to that of guanine Determined that sugars and phosphates formed backbones in the DNA
Determined that nucleotides were paired inside the double helix Discovered the double helix shape of deoxyribonucleic acid Determined that sugars and phosphates formed backbones in the DNA
Which of the following contain proper complementary DNA base pairs? Multiple select question. G - C C - T A - C A - A G - T A - U A - G
G - C A - T
Which of the following are components of a nucleotide? Multiple select question. 5-carbon sugar Nitrogen-containing base Lipid and a protein Phosphate
Nitrogen-containing base Phosphate 5-carbon sugar
The short segments of DNA that are formed on the lagging strand during replication are called fragments.
Okazaki
In the 1940s, scientists had concluded that the genetic material was most likely either _____________or________________ .
Protein, DNA
Which of the following are the two new nucleotides that have been created by the company Synthorx? Multiple select question. Y X H Z
X,Y
Select all that apply Select the characteristics that researchers suspected the genetic material would have prior to the discovery that the genetic material was DNA. Multiple select question. ability to store information accurate replication passes from one generation to the next uses a triplet code comprised of nucleotides
ability to store information accurate replication passes from one generation to the next
Select all that apply Which of the following DNA bases are purines? Multiple select question. adenine thymine guanine cytosine
adenine guanine
The new synthetic nucleotides have been inserted into the E.coli bacteria to increase the number of they can produce.
amino acids
During elongation, Multiple choice question. amino acids are brought to the ribosome sequentially. the DNA unwinds and unzips. the polypeptide is released from the ribosome. the ribosomal subunits assemble.
amino acids are brought to the ribosome sequentially
During the process of translation, the codon matches up with its complement, the ________________.
anticodon
The term _________refers to the fact that the nucleotide strands in DNA are oriented in opposite directions.
antiparallel
The enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix so that replication can occur is called DNA .
helicase
DNA replication is called semiconservative because Multiple choice question. each new DNA was assembled from nucleotides in the cell's nucleus. each new DNA has an identical sequence of bases. only one-half of each DNA molecule in the cell is copied at any one time. each new DNA is one-half formed from the original molecule.
each new DNA is one-half formed from the original molecule.
The phase of translation that allows additional amino acids to be added to the growing polypeptide is called _________________________.
elongation
Which of the following are components or structures of a ribosome? Multiple select question. large subunit small subunit DNA protein ribosomal RNA transfer RNA
large subunit small subunit
The enzyme that incorporates Okazaki fragments into the lagging DNA nucleotide strand during DNA replication is called DNA__________
ligase
Which structure carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome? Multiple choice question. tRNA mRNA DNA rRNA
mRNA
At one end of a mature mRNA there is a cap, at the other is a(n) ______. intron exon poly-A tail
poly-A-tail
Select the result of the Hershey and Chase experiment that demonstrated DNA to be the genetic material. Multiple choice question. radioactive DNA is taken up by viruses radioactive protein is taken up by bacteria radioactive protein is taken up by viruses radioactive DNA is taken up by bacteria
radioactive DNA is taken up by bacteria
During what cellular process do Okazaki fragments form? Multiple choice question. replication translocation translation RNA processing transcription
replication
DNA replication can be described as , because the resulting daughter DNA contains one parent strand and one daughter strand.
semiconservative
A coding portion of a DNA template strand has the sequence AGAACC. Assuming no modifications, what would be the sequence of the amino acids in the protein product? (Use the mRNA codon table.) Multiple choice question. phenylalanine - tryptophan serine - tryptophan serine - tyrosine leucine
serine - tryptophan
Select all that apply Select the items that play a part in initiation of translation. Multiple select question. template DNA strand small ribosomal subunit initiator tRNA messenger RNA large ribosomal subunit
small ribosomal subunit initiator tRNA messenger RNA large ribosomal subunit
The codon near which the small ribosomal subunit attaches to the mRNA molecule to be translated, which codes for methionine (AUG) is called the _____________ codon.
start
Select all that apply Select the items that play a part in translational initiation. Multiple select question. release factors start codon rRNA mRNA stop codon
start codon rRNA mRNA
Translation ends when a(n) ______________ codon binds to a release factor.
stop
Select all that apply Which two nucleotide components bind together when DNA forms a strand? Multiple select question. sugar base phosphate
sugar phosphate
The sides of the ladder model of DNA are _________-________ backbones.
sugar phosphate
The specific type of nucleic acid bearing anticodons for the amino acid sequence is abbreviated __________________.
tRNA
During termination, Multiple choice question. amino acids are brought to the ribosome sequentially. the ribosomal subunits assemble. the DNA unwinds and unzips. the polypeptide is released from the ribosome.
the polypeptide is released from the ribosome.
During initiation, the polypeptide is released from the ribosome. the ribosomal subunits assemble. amino acids are brought to the ribosome sequentially. the DNA unwinds and unzips.
the ribosomal subunits assemble.
There are ________________________binding sites for tRNA on a ribosome.
three
Which of the following DNA bases are pyrimidines? Multiple select question. guanine thymine cytosine adenine
thymine cytosine
If a certain section of a template strand of DNA had the sequence TATGCCCG, what would the mRNA transcript's sequence be? Multiple choice question. AUACGGGC TATGCCCG ATACGGGC UAUGCCCG
AUACGGGC
James Watson and Francis Crick contributed greatly to our knowledge of the structure of the molecule known as _____________.
DNA
The enzyme responsible for maintaining the complimentary natures of the DNA strands during DNA replication is Multiple choice question. DNase. DNA helicase. DNA ligase. DNA polymerase.
DNA polymerase
The synthesis of new DNA double helix molecules from a pre-existing parent molecule is called _______. Multiple choice question. translation DNA genesis transcription DNA replication
DNA replication
Select the enzyme(s) used by Avery et al. that prevented the transformation of R strain bacteria into virulent bacteria. Multiple choice question. DNase RNase protein degrading enzymes
DNase
Select the enzyme(s) used by Avery et al. that prevented the transformation of R strain bacteria into virulent bacteria. Multiple choice question. RNase DNase protein degrading enzymes
DNase
A certain portion of a protein has the sequence Lys-Gly-Leu. What was the original source of this particular sequence? Multiple choice question. It resulted from the actions of DNA polymerase. It was directed by the sequence of bases on the template DNA. It resulted from the transfer of genetic information to tRNA. It resulted from the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA.
It was directed by the sequence of bases on the template DNA.
Select the items that describe events occurring during the termination phase of translation. Multiple select question. Protein product is released. mRNA exits the nucleus of eukaryotes. tRNA binds to E, P, or A sites. Release factor binds to stop codon. Ribosomal subunits dissociate.
Protein product is released. Release factor binds to stop codon. Ribosomal subunits dissociate.
In Griffith's experiment, which bacterial strain underwent transformation into a lethal form by obtaining genetic material from the other? Multiple choice question. R strain S strain
R strain
The enzyme that is responsible for catalyzing the process of transcription is called ___________________________
RNA polymerase
According to Mark Gerstein a gene should be defined as a genomic sequence (either DNA or RNA) directly encoding functional products, either_____________ or ___________________ .
RNA, protein
Select all that apply Which factors or combinations of factors in Griffith's experiments proved lethal to mice? Multiple select question. S strain bacteria heat killed S strain bacteria R strain bacteria heat killed S strain bacteria and live R strain bacteria
S strain bacteria heat killed S strain bacteria and live R strain bacteria
Select all that apply Why did early molecular geneticists know that the genetic material needed to be a stable molecule? Multiple select question. So it could be passed from one generation to the next. Because it needed to exist at high temperatures. So it could be replicated accurately. So that it could be copied during transcription.
So it could be passed from one generation to the next. So it could be replicated accurately
Select the items that play a part in elongation during translation. Multiple select question. elongation factors messenger RNA start codon transfer RNA amino acids
elongation factors messenger RNA transfer RNA amino acid
During mRNA processing, copies of ______ from the DNA are joined together. Multiple choice question. proteins genes RNA nucleotides exons codons bases
exons
The coding portions of a gene that are joined during mRNA processing are called .
exons
The production and usage of a gene's product is called gene ___________.
expression
Select the items that play a part in initiation of translation. Multiple select question. messenger RNA small ribosomal subunit initiator tRNA large ribosomal subunit template DNA strand
messenger RNA small ribosomal subunit initiator tRNA large ribosomal subunit
DNA is composed of units called ___________, each of which contains a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and one of 4 nitrogen-containing bases.
nucleotide
Place these items in order as information would flow during gene expression. Instructions amino acid sequence of a protein nucleotide sequence in DNA nucleotide sequence in mRNA
nucleotide sequence in DNA nucleotide sequence in mRNA amino acid sequence of a protein
Place the events of elongation in the correct sequence from beginning to end. translocation occurs--tRNA with peptide translocates to the P site energy from the transfer contributes to peptide bond formation, making the peptide one amino acid longer peptide chain is transferred to the new tRNA previous tRNA with attached polypeptide is at the P site, tRNA carrying the next amino acid binds to the A site
previous tRNA with attached polypeptide is at the P site, tRNA carrying the next amino acid binds to the A site peptide chain is transferred to the new tRNA energy from the transfer contributes to peptide bond formation, translocation occurs--tRNA with peptide translocates to the P site
Hershey and Chase used radioactive sulfur in order to label _____________ during the experiments that demonstrated that DNA was the genetic material.
protein
During the 1940s, scientists considered which two molecules most likely to be genetic material? Multiple select question. RNA protein carbohydrate DNA lipid
protein DNA
By using various enzymes to degrade candidates for the genetic material, Avery etal. were able to eliminate _____________and_______________ as potential candidates.
protein RNA
Select the products for which a gene may encode instructions for building. Multiple select question. DNA protein carbohydrate RNA
protein RNA
Erwin Chargaff determined that the number of__________ like guanine and adenine always equal the number of __________like cytosine and thymine. Listen to the complete question
purines pyrimidines
The DNA bases cytosine and thymine are smaller, single-ringed bases called ._____________________
pyrimidines
The DNA bases cytosine and thymine are smaller, single-ringed bases called ________________.
pyrimidines
Select the findings of Erwin Chargaff regarding DNA composition. Multiple select question. G = A pyrimidines = purines C = T A = T G=C
pyrimidines = purines A = T G=C
Which nucleic acid is the physical carrier of individual amino acids? Multiple choice question. DNA template strand DNA coding strand rRNA tRNA mRNA
tRNA
Molecules of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are produced by the process of ______________.
transcription
The production of mRNA from a DNA template occurs during Multiple choice question. translation. termination. transcription. replication.
transcription
Polypeptides and proteins are produced during the process of Multiple choice question. mutation. replication. transcription. translation.
translation
The process of uses mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes to synthesize proteins.
translation
True or false: A purine base normally pairs with a pyrimidine base. True false question. True False
true
Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction photograph demonstrated that DNA Multiple choice question. contained equal proportions of purines and pyrimidines. was formed from nucleotides. contained base pairs. used a triplet code for storing information. was a double helix.
was a double helix.
