Biology

Which of the following are possible locations where ribosomes serve as sites for protein synthesis in a eukaryotic cell? Multiple select question. bound to nucleus bound to endoplasmic reticulum bound to Golgi apparatus free in cytoplasm free in nucleus

bound to endoplasmic reticulum free in cytoplasm

The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by Multiple choice question. RNA. hydrogen bonds. proteins. covalent bonds.

hydrogen bonds

The first stage of translation, during which ribosomes assemble around mRNA is called ___________________.

initiation

The first stage of translation, during which ribosomes assemble around mRNA is called _______________________.

initiation

Rank the phases of translation in order of occurrence. initiation termination elongation

initiation elongation termination

Select the stages of translation. Multiple select question. replication ligation initiation termination elongation

initiation termination elongation

The noncoding portions of a gene that are removed from the mRNA copy during processing are called __________.

introns

Strings of ribosomes simultaneously translating a mRNA strand are called _____________________________.

polyribosomes

To initiate transcription, RNA polymerase binds to the __________region of the gene.

promoter

Each ribosomal subunit is composed of rRNA and many _______________.

proteins

The differences between different cell types and between different organisms are mainly based on the different types of ____________that they can build by following the instructions in their genes.

proteins

The molecules that serve as the link between genotype and phenotype are nucleic acids. lipids. carbohydrates. proteins.

proteins

During the ____________________ phase of translation, a completed protein is released.

termination

If each codon were composed of only 1 nucleotide, for how many amino acids (out of the 20) would there NOT be a code for? Multiple choice question. 8 12 16 4 0

16

Select all that apply Which of the following were direct contributions of the work of James Watson and Francis Crick? Multiple select question. Determined that nucleotides were paired inside the double helix Discovered the double helix shape of deoxyribonucleic acid Discovered that the amount of adenine was equal to that of thymine and that the amount of cytosine was equal to that of guanine Determined that sugars and phosphates formed backbones in the DNA

Determined that nucleotides were paired inside the double helix Discovered the double helix shape of deoxyribonucleic acid Determined that sugars and phosphates formed backbones in the DNA

Which of the following contain proper complementary DNA base pairs? Multiple select question. G - C C - T A - C A - A G - T A - U A - G

G - C A - T

Which of the following are components of a nucleotide? Multiple select question. 5-carbon sugar Nitrogen-containing base Lipid and a protein Phosphate

Nitrogen-containing base Phosphate 5-carbon sugar

The short segments of DNA that are formed on the lagging strand during replication are called fragments.

Okazaki

In the 1940s, scientists had concluded that the genetic material was most likely either _____________or________________ .

Protein, DNA

Which of the following are the two new nucleotides that have been created by the company Synthorx? Multiple select question. Y X H Z

X,Y

Select all that apply Select the characteristics that researchers suspected the genetic material would have prior to the discovery that the genetic material was DNA. Multiple select question. ability to store information accurate replication passes from one generation to the next uses a triplet code comprised of nucleotides

ability to store information accurate replication passes from one generation to the next

Select all that apply Which of the following DNA bases are purines? Multiple select question. adenine thymine guanine cytosine

adenine guanine

The new synthetic nucleotides have been inserted into the E.coli bacteria to increase the number of they can produce.

amino acids

During elongation, Multiple choice question. amino acids are brought to the ribosome sequentially. the DNA unwinds and unzips. the polypeptide is released from the ribosome. the ribosomal subunits assemble.

amino acids are brought to the ribosome sequentially

During the process of translation, the codon matches up with its complement, the ________________.

anticodon

The term _________refers to the fact that the nucleotide strands in DNA are oriented in opposite directions.

antiparallel

The enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix so that replication can occur is called DNA .

helicase

DNA replication is called semiconservative because Multiple choice question. each new DNA was assembled from nucleotides in the cell's nucleus. each new DNA has an identical sequence of bases. only one-half of each DNA molecule in the cell is copied at any one time. each new DNA is one-half formed from the original molecule.

each new DNA is one-half formed from the original molecule.

The phase of translation that allows additional amino acids to be added to the growing polypeptide is called _________________________.

elongation

Which of the following are components or structures of a ribosome? Multiple select question. large subunit small subunit DNA protein ribosomal RNA transfer RNA

large subunit small subunit

The enzyme that incorporates Okazaki fragments into the lagging DNA nucleotide strand during DNA replication is called DNA__________

ligase

Which structure carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome? Multiple choice question. tRNA mRNA DNA rRNA

mRNA

At one end of a mature mRNA there is a cap, at the other is a(n) ______. intron exon poly-A tail

poly-A-tail

Select the result of the Hershey and Chase experiment that demonstrated DNA to be the genetic material. Multiple choice question. radioactive DNA is taken up by viruses radioactive protein is taken up by bacteria radioactive protein is taken up by viruses radioactive DNA is taken up by bacteria

radioactive DNA is taken up by bacteria

During what cellular process do Okazaki fragments form? Multiple choice question. replication translocation translation RNA processing transcription

replication

DNA replication can be described as , because the resulting daughter DNA contains one parent strand and one daughter strand.

semiconservative

A coding portion of a DNA template strand has the sequence AGAACC. Assuming no modifications, what would be the sequence of the amino acids in the protein product? (Use the mRNA codon table.) Multiple choice question. phenylalanine - tryptophan serine - tryptophan serine - tyrosine leucine

serine - tryptophan

Select all that apply Select the items that play a part in initiation of translation. Multiple select question. template DNA strand small ribosomal subunit initiator tRNA messenger RNA large ribosomal subunit

small ribosomal subunit initiator tRNA messenger RNA large ribosomal subunit

The codon near which the small ribosomal subunit attaches to the mRNA molecule to be translated, which codes for methionine (AUG) is called the _____________ codon.

start

Select all that apply Select the items that play a part in translational initiation. Multiple select question. release factors start codon rRNA mRNA stop codon

start codon rRNA mRNA

Translation ends when a(n) ______________ codon binds to a release factor.

stop

Select all that apply Which two nucleotide components bind together when DNA forms a strand? Multiple select question. sugar base phosphate

sugar phosphate

The sides of the ladder model of DNA are _________-________ backbones.

sugar phosphate

The specific type of nucleic acid bearing anticodons for the amino acid sequence is abbreviated __________________.

tRNA

During termination, Multiple choice question. amino acids are brought to the ribosome sequentially. the ribosomal subunits assemble. the DNA unwinds and unzips. the polypeptide is released from the ribosome.

the polypeptide is released from the ribosome.

During initiation, the polypeptide is released from the ribosome. the ribosomal subunits assemble. amino acids are brought to the ribosome sequentially. the DNA unwinds and unzips.

the ribosomal subunits assemble.

There are ________________________binding sites for tRNA on a ribosome.

three

Which of the following DNA bases are pyrimidines? Multiple select question. guanine thymine cytosine adenine

thymine cytosine

If a certain section of a template strand of DNA had the sequence TATGCCCG, what would the mRNA transcript's sequence be? Multiple choice question. AUACGGGC TATGCCCG ATACGGGC UAUGCCCG

AUACGGGC

James Watson and Francis Crick contributed greatly to our knowledge of the structure of the molecule known as _____________.

DNA

The enzyme responsible for maintaining the complimentary natures of the DNA strands during DNA replication is Multiple choice question. DNase. DNA helicase. DNA ligase. DNA polymerase.

DNA polymerase

The synthesis of new DNA double helix molecules from a pre-existing parent molecule is called _______. Multiple choice question. translation DNA genesis transcription DNA replication

DNA replication

Select the enzyme(s) used by Avery et al. that prevented the transformation of R strain bacteria into virulent bacteria. Multiple choice question. DNase RNase protein degrading enzymes

DNase

Select the enzyme(s) used by Avery et al. that prevented the transformation of R strain bacteria into virulent bacteria. Multiple choice question. RNase DNase protein degrading enzymes

DNase

A certain portion of a protein has the sequence Lys-Gly-Leu. What was the original source of this particular sequence? Multiple choice question. It resulted from the actions of DNA polymerase. It was directed by the sequence of bases on the template DNA. It resulted from the transfer of genetic information to tRNA. It resulted from the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA.

It was directed by the sequence of bases on the template DNA.

Select the items that describe events occurring during the termination phase of translation. Multiple select question. Protein product is released. mRNA exits the nucleus of eukaryotes. tRNA binds to E, P, or A sites. Release factor binds to stop codon. Ribosomal subunits dissociate.

Protein product is released. Release factor binds to stop codon. Ribosomal subunits dissociate.

In Griffith's experiment, which bacterial strain underwent transformation into a lethal form by obtaining genetic material from the other? Multiple choice question. R strain S strain

R strain

The enzyme that is responsible for catalyzing the process of transcription is called ___________________________

RNA polymerase

According to Mark Gerstein a gene should be defined as a genomic sequence (either DNA or RNA) directly encoding functional products, either_____________ or ___________________ .

RNA, protein

Select all that apply Which factors or combinations of factors in Griffith's experiments proved lethal to mice? Multiple select question. S strain bacteria heat killed S strain bacteria R strain bacteria heat killed S strain bacteria and live R strain bacteria

S strain bacteria heat killed S strain bacteria and live R strain bacteria

Select all that apply Why did early molecular geneticists know that the genetic material needed to be a stable molecule? Multiple select question. So it could be passed from one generation to the next. Because it needed to exist at high temperatures. So it could be replicated accurately. So that it could be copied during transcription.

So it could be passed from one generation to the next. So it could be replicated accurately

Select the items that play a part in elongation during translation. Multiple select question. elongation factors messenger RNA start codon transfer RNA amino acids

elongation factors messenger RNA transfer RNA amino acid

During mRNA processing, copies of ______ from the DNA are joined together. Multiple choice question. proteins genes RNA nucleotides exons codons bases

exons

The coding portions of a gene that are joined during mRNA processing are called .

exons

The production and usage of a gene's product is called gene ___________.

expression

Select the items that play a part in initiation of translation. Multiple select question. messenger RNA small ribosomal subunit initiator tRNA large ribosomal subunit template DNA strand

messenger RNA small ribosomal subunit initiator tRNA large ribosomal subunit

DNA is composed of units called ___________, each of which contains a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and one of 4 nitrogen-containing bases.

nucleotide

Place these items in order as information would flow during gene expression. Instructions amino acid sequence of a protein nucleotide sequence in DNA nucleotide sequence in mRNA

nucleotide sequence in DNA nucleotide sequence in mRNA amino acid sequence of a protein

Place the events of elongation in the correct sequence from beginning to end. translocation occurs--tRNA with peptide translocates to the P site energy from the transfer contributes to peptide bond formation, making the peptide one amino acid longer peptide chain is transferred to the new tRNA previous tRNA with attached polypeptide is at the P site, tRNA carrying the next amino acid binds to the A site

previous tRNA with attached polypeptide is at the P site, tRNA carrying the next amino acid binds to the A site peptide chain is transferred to the new tRNA energy from the transfer contributes to peptide bond formation, translocation occurs--tRNA with peptide translocates to the P site

Hershey and Chase used radioactive sulfur in order to label _____________ during the experiments that demonstrated that DNA was the genetic material.

protein

During the 1940s, scientists considered which two molecules most likely to be genetic material? Multiple select question. RNA protein carbohydrate DNA lipid

protein DNA

By using various enzymes to degrade candidates for the genetic material, Avery etal. were able to eliminate _____________and_______________ as potential candidates.

protein RNA

Select the products for which a gene may encode instructions for building. Multiple select question. DNA protein carbohydrate RNA

protein RNA

Erwin Chargaff determined that the number of__________ like guanine and adenine always equal the number of __________like cytosine and thymine. Listen to the complete question

purines pyrimidines

The DNA bases cytosine and thymine are smaller, single-ringed bases called ._____________________

pyrimidines

The DNA bases cytosine and thymine are smaller, single-ringed bases called ________________.

pyrimidines

Select the findings of Erwin Chargaff regarding DNA composition. Multiple select question. G = A pyrimidines = purines C = T A = T G=C

pyrimidines = purines A = T G=C

Which nucleic acid is the physical carrier of individual amino acids? Multiple choice question. DNA template strand DNA coding strand rRNA tRNA mRNA

tRNA

Molecules of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are produced by the process of ______________.

transcription

The production of mRNA from a DNA template occurs during Multiple choice question. translation. termination. transcription. replication.

transcription

Polypeptides and proteins are produced during the process of Multiple choice question. mutation. replication. transcription. translation.

translation

The process of uses mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes to synthesize proteins.

translation

True or false: A purine base normally pairs with a pyrimidine base. True false question. True False

true

Rosalind Franklin's X-ray diffraction photograph demonstrated that DNA Multiple choice question. contained equal proportions of purines and pyrimidines. was formed from nucleotides. contained base pairs. used a triplet code for storing information. was a double helix.

was a double helix.