Biology Ch 16
In the part of the cycle shown in tan, the chromosome number is
haploid.
Spiral/Corkscrew cell shape
spirochete
Eukaryotes are most closely related to which of the following prokaryotic groups? A) Protozoa B) Archaea C) Protists D) Bacteria
B) Archaea
______________ evolved from _____________. A) Unicellular algae; bacteria B) Eukaryotes; prokaryotes C) Prokaryotes; eukaryotes D) Eukaryotes; protists
B) Eukaryotes; prokaryotes
Disease-causing prokaryotes, called _____, are _____. A) proteobacteria ... of minor significance, causing only about 10% of human diseases B) pathogens ... important, but of minor significance compared to the vital roles of prokaryotes in sustaining life C) methanogens ... important, but of minor significance compared to the vital roles of pathogens in sustaining life D) pathogens ... the direct cause of nearly all human diseases; they provide few benefits to other forms of life
B) pathogens ... important, but of minor significance compared to the vital roles of prokaryotes in sustaining life
____________ are organisms that live in extreme environments, such as hot springs. A) Bacteria B) Protists C) Archaea D) Slime molds
C) Archaea
Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote? A) seaweed B) a slime mold C) an amoeba D) a bacterium
D) a bacterium
The important distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that prokaryotes ________ a nucleus, whereas the cells of eukaryotes ________ a nucleus. A) have; lack B) shed; develop C) develop; shed D) lack; have
D) lack; have
Which option lists a feature that is true of both Archaea and Eukarya? A) In both groups, cells lack nuclei and membrane-enclosed organelles. B) In both groups, cell walls contain peptidoglycan. C) In both groups, cell walls lack peptidoglycan and there are several kinds of relatively complex RNA polymerase. D) In both groups, DNA does not have histones associated with it and genes contain introns.
In both groups, cell walls lack peptidoglycan and there are several kinds of relatively complex RNA polymerase.
"autotroph" chart
Photoautotroph--> sunlight--> CO2-->cyanobacteria Chemoautotroph-->chemicals-->CO2-->"rock-eating" bacteria
"heterotroph" chart
Photoheterotroph--> sunlight--> organic compounds--> purple nonsulfur bacteria Chemoheterotroph--> chemicals--> organic compounds --> predatory bacteria
Rod cell shape
baccili
E. coli bacteria, which live in human intestines, are shaped like tiny, straight sausages. They are _____.
bacilli
Sphere cell shape
cocci
The photoautotrophic prokaryotes that generate oxygen as a by-product are the _____.
cyanobacteria
In the part of the cycle shown in blue, after the fusion of gametes, the chromosome number is
diploid.
________ used for attachment
fimbriae
________ used for movement
flagella
Each multicellular alga shown at the top of the diagram is called a
gametophyte.
Several groups of protists have variable modes of nutrition: Some species are photoautotrophs, whereas close relatives are heterotrophs. Such diversity even exists within a single species in some cases. Evidence suggests that this pattern is a result of the __________.
independent acquisition of green and red algae as endosymbionts by many protist groups, with subsequent evolution producing photosynthetic organelles
Peptic ulcers are caused by _____.
infection by the bacterium H. pylori
Spores are produced by the process of
meiosis.
Archaea frequently inhabit the guts of animals that consume foods rich in cellulose. These prokaryotes assist in the digestion of cellulose and release "marsh gas" as a waste product. Archaea in the same group live in anaerobic muck in wetlands. These archaea would be considered _____.
methanogens
Positive gram stain
peptidoglycan thick
Negative gram stain
peptidoglycan thin
Prokaryotes that use light for their energy source and CO2 for their carbon source are called _____.
photoautotrophs
By far the most abundant and widespread organisms on Earth are the _____.
prokaryote
Sewage treatment facilities depend on __________ to remove most of the organic matter and pollutants from wastewater.
prokaryote decomposers
Amoebas move and feed by using _____.
pseudopods
The multicellular alga shown at the bottom of the diagram is called a
sporophyte
Negative gram stain may also have what?
toxic outer membrane
The newly defined protist group SAR consists of __________.
unicellular and multicellular autotrophic algae and unicellular heterotrophs and mixotrophs