Biology Ch 16

In the part of the cycle shown in tan, the chromosome number is

haploid.

Spiral/Corkscrew cell shape

spirochete

Eukaryotes are most closely related to which of the following prokaryotic groups? A) Protozoa B) Archaea C) Protists D) Bacteria

B) Archaea

______________ evolved from _____________. A) Unicellular algae; bacteria B) Eukaryotes; prokaryotes C) Prokaryotes; eukaryotes D) Eukaryotes; protists

B) Eukaryotes; prokaryotes

Disease-causing prokaryotes, called _____, are _____. A) proteobacteria ... of minor significance, causing only about 10% of human diseases B) pathogens ... important, but of minor significance compared to the vital roles of prokaryotes in sustaining life C) methanogens ... important, but of minor significance compared to the vital roles of pathogens in sustaining life D) pathogens ... the direct cause of nearly all human diseases; they provide few benefits to other forms of life

B) pathogens ... important, but of minor significance compared to the vital roles of prokaryotes in sustaining life

____________ are organisms that live in extreme environments, such as hot springs. A) Bacteria B) Protists C) Archaea D) Slime molds

C) Archaea

Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote? A) seaweed B) a slime mold C) an amoeba D) a bacterium

D) a bacterium

The important distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that prokaryotes ________ a nucleus, whereas the cells of eukaryotes ________ a nucleus. A) have; lack B) shed; develop C) develop; shed D) lack; have

D) lack; have

Which option lists a feature that is true of both Archaea and Eukarya? A) In both groups, cells lack nuclei and membrane-enclosed organelles. B) In both groups, cell walls contain peptidoglycan. C) In both groups, cell walls lack peptidoglycan and there are several kinds of relatively complex RNA polymerase. D) In both groups, DNA does not have histones associated with it and genes contain introns.

In both groups, cell walls lack peptidoglycan and there are several kinds of relatively complex RNA polymerase.

"autotroph" chart

Photoautotroph--> sunlight--> CO2-->cyanobacteria Chemoautotroph-->chemicals-->CO2-->"rock-eating" bacteria

"heterotroph" chart

Photoheterotroph--> sunlight--> organic compounds--> purple nonsulfur bacteria Chemoheterotroph--> chemicals--> organic compounds --> predatory bacteria

Rod cell shape

baccili

E. coli bacteria, which live in human intestines, are shaped like tiny, straight sausages. They are _____.

bacilli

Sphere cell shape

cocci

The photoautotrophic prokaryotes that generate oxygen as a by-product are the _____.

cyanobacteria

In the part of the cycle shown in blue, after the fusion of gametes, the chromosome number is

diploid.

________ used for attachment

fimbriae

________ used for movement

flagella

Each multicellular alga shown at the top of the diagram is called a

gametophyte.

Several groups of protists have variable modes of nutrition: Some species are photoautotrophs, whereas close relatives are heterotrophs. Such diversity even exists within a single species in some cases. Evidence suggests that this pattern is a result of the __________.

independent acquisition of green and red algae as endosymbionts by many protist groups, with subsequent evolution producing photosynthetic organelles

Peptic ulcers are caused by _____.

infection by the bacterium H. pylori

Spores are produced by the process of

meiosis.

Archaea frequently inhabit the guts of animals that consume foods rich in cellulose. These prokaryotes assist in the digestion of cellulose and release "marsh gas" as a waste product. Archaea in the same group live in anaerobic muck in wetlands. These archaea would be considered _____.

methanogens

Positive gram stain

peptidoglycan thick

Negative gram stain

peptidoglycan thin

Prokaryotes that use light for their energy source and CO2 for their carbon source are called _____.

photoautotrophs

By far the most abundant and widespread organisms on Earth are the _____.

prokaryote

Sewage treatment facilities depend on __________ to remove most of the organic matter and pollutants from wastewater.

prokaryote decomposers

Amoebas move and feed by using _____.

pseudopods

The multicellular alga shown at the bottom of the diagram is called a

sporophyte

Negative gram stain may also have what?

toxic outer membrane

The newly defined protist group SAR consists of __________.

unicellular and multicellular autotrophic algae and unicellular heterotrophs and mixotrophs