Biology Ch.7 Modified Mastering Extra Credit

The oxygen atoms used to form water in the complete reactions of cellular respiration are derived from which of the following molecules?

-glucose (C6H12O6) carbon dioxide (CO2) pyruvate (C3H3O3-) molecular oxygen (O2)

Which of the following correctly lists all of the energy-containing molecules produced by the catabolism of one molecule of glucose in glycolysis?

2 FADH2, 2 pyruvate, and 4 ATP 2 NAD+, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP 6 CO2, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP 6 CO2, 2 pyruvate, and 30 ATP -2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP

Yeast cells grown anaerobically can obtain energy by fermentation, which results in the production of

ATP, CO2, and ethanol.

Why is glycolysis described as having an energy investment phase and an energy payoff phase?

Early steps consume energy from ATP, and later steps store an increased amount of energy in ATP and NADH.

Which of the following molecules donates electrons directly to the electron transport chain at the highest energy level?

FADH2 -NADH ATP FAD NAD+

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?

accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

Which one of the following molecules is formed by the removal of a carbon (as CO2) from a molecule of pyruvate during aerobic respiration?

acetyl CoA

During intense exercise, as human muscle cells switch from respiration to fermentation, the cells will increase their catabolism of which of the following energy-containing molecules?

carbohydrates only

Which of the following terms describes metabolic pathways that break down complex molecules to release stored energy?

catabolic pathways

Where does glycolysis occur in animal cells?

cytosol

Which of the following sequences represents the correct order in which metabolic reactions occur during the complete oxidation of glucose through aerobic respiration?

glucose →→ glycolysis →→ pyruvate oxidation →→ citric acid cycle →→ electron transport chain

Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?

glycolysis

The complete reactions of cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen (C6H12O6 + 6 O2 →→ 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy) result in which of the following?

oxidation of C6H12O6 and reduction of O2

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?

oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle

Which of the following metabolic processes produces the most ATP when glucose (C6H12O6) is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water?

oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)

When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the NAD+ molecule becomes

reduced.

Which chemical process generates the ATP produced in glycolysis?

substrate-level phosphorylation

Which of the following statements describes a primary function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?

to oxidize NADH to NAD+