Biology Chapter 1 Packet

What is the main source of energy for photosynthesis?

A sunlight

A student is using a microscope to examine an unlabeled slide of a cell. Which of those structuress suggest that the student is looking at a plant cell?

A. Chloroplasts and Cell wall

What is a stem cell?

A. a cell that is undifferentiated

Which of the following correctly pairs smaller molecules with the biological molecules they make up?

A. amino acids and protiens; nucleotides and nucleic acids

Which term describes the movement of water through a cell membrane?

A. osmosis

Describe how aerobic and anaerobic respiration differ, and identify the parts of the cell involved in each type of respiration.

Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration. Most eaukaryotes use aerobic respiration when oxygen is present. Structures onvolved in these two types of respiration are cytoplasm and mitochondrian.

Which cell structures are common to prokaryotic cells, plant cells, and animal cells? Why do you think these features are found in all types of cells?

All three types of cells have cytoplasm, ribosomes, and plasma membrane. I believe all of these structures are found in all types of cells because they are the basic structures that are needed to compose a cell.

Which of the following enable undifferentited cells to become specialized cells?

B Variations in gene expression

In what part of the cell is glucose initially broken down to form pyruvic acid?

B the cytoplasm

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of which type of cellular transport?

B. Active Transport

Which type of cellular transport requires a cell to use energy?

B. Active transport

Which compunds join to form protiens?

B. Amino acids

Which of these occurs when a gene is expresses?

B. One or more specific protiens

Which of the following is not a difference between lipids and carbohydrates?

B. Only one can be used as energyby a cell

Which of the following does a cell use to regulate pH in order to maintain homeostasis?

C Buffers

during mitosis what is the function of the spindle

C It seperates the sister chromatids

Which of the following is a carbohydrate that serves as the main component of the plant cell walls?

C. Cellulose

Which kind of molecule provides building blocks for tissues, transports other molecules, and helps regulate certain reactions in the body?

C. Protein

Enzymes have a 3 D shape that is related to their function and makes them specific to the substances on which they act. The reactants that bind to an enzyme during a reaction are called?

C. Substrates

Based on this graph, what can you conclude about the relationship between enzyme concentrationn and the rate of strach breakdown?

C. The reaction rate increases as the enzyme concentration increases

How do enzymes speed up the biochemical reactions?

C. They lower the activation energy of the reaction

Which of the following are products of photosynthesis?

C. carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O)

What does ut mean to say that a cell is specialized?

C. it performs a specific task in an organism

Within a cell, DNA provides the information needed for the cell to make proteins. Which of the following are the organelles that are most involved in the processes?

C. nuclear and ribosomes

Which of the following structures seperates the nucleus from its enviorment?

C. nuclear membrane

Summarize the process of cellular respiration and photosynthesis and identify the reatants and products involved in each process.

Cellular respiration is a process by which cellls release the energy stored in the chemical bonds of food molecules. The reactants and products are oxygen, sugar, water and ATP. Photosynthesis is the process by which some organisms capture the energy of sunlight and use it to make food in the form of glucose. The reactants and products are carbon dioxide, water, light energy, oxygen, and glucose.

Why are aerobic reactions more efficient for cellular metabolism than anaerobic reactions?

D. Aerobic reactions break down more completely and produce the max amoung of ATP

How do eukaryotic organisms differ from prokaryotic organisms?

D. Prokaryotic organisms do not have an nuclei

What is the difference between a differentiated cell, such as a nerve cell, and a stem cell?

D. Stem cells are unspecialized and have the ability to become any type of cell, while differentiated cells are specialized to carry out specific functions in an organism.

The location where reactants bind to an enzyme during a biochemical reaction is called?

D. an active site

Which structures are least likely to appear in the same eukaryotic cell?

D. small vacuoles and a cell wall

Identify the 5 stages that make up the complete cell cycle and briefly describe the processes taking place in the cell during each stage.

Interphase: G1 is when the cell increases in size and sythesizes protiens. The number of organelles doubles and new cytoplasm forms. S phase is when the chromosomes duplicate and the chromosomes are uncoiled and spread out through the nucleus. During G2 the cell continues to grow as all the structures and proteins the cell needs for mitosis form. During prophase the chromatin condenses to form chromosomes. A spindle forms around each centriole. During metaphase the sister chromatids line up at the cell's center along the spindle fibers. During anaphase the spindle fibers pull the chromosomes in opposite directions. During telophase the chromosomes are now on opposite sides of the cell & the spindle breaks down. In cytokenisis the cytoplasm pinches into two and two new cells are formed.

How does the structure of the mitochondria help it perform its function in a cell?

Mitochondria have folded inner membranes that increases the surface are available to release energy.

Animals get many of the macromolecules they need from the foods they eat. Based on what you know about the different organic molecules, what foods can you think of that are rich in carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins? What do the foods in each group have in common?

Potatoes and bread are rich in carbohydrates. Milk and cheese are rich in lipids. Nuts and seeds are rich in proteins. These foods are all categories of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.

Briefly describe 2 similarities and 2 differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

Two similarities are both types of cells are both have a plasma membrane and both contain ribosomes. Two differences are eukaryotes do not have a cell wall and eukaryotes are larger.

In which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle is the geetic material duplicated?

b. S Phase