Biology Chapter 12 Gene Expression

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amino acid

A 3 base codon specifies an _____________

- different proteins - same gene

Alternative splicing allows __________ to be produced from the ____________

genes

DNA stores information in units called _______

non-template DNA strand

In the literature, the sequence of the ___________ is conventionally given

polypeptide

Most genes encode a ___________ (DNA → mRNA → polypeptide)

coding strand

Non-template strand is the _____

A

T pairs with ____

Codons

________________ are translated to a sequence of amino acids

mRNA

a copy of a gene that contains the information to make a polypeptide

Exons

are expressed regions

Introns

are intervening regions

Ribosomes

are the site of translation

tRNAs

carry the amino acid specified by the codon

Coding sequence

codons that determine the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

Transcribed region

contains the information that specifies an amino acid sequence

translation

produces a polypeptide using the information in mRNA

transcription

produces an RNA copy of a gene

U

A pairs with ____

large subunit and small subunit

A ribosome has 2 subunits:

A site - Aminoacyl site P site - Peptidyl site E site - Exit site

A ribosome has 3 sites where tRNAs bind during translation... what are they?

different genes

Different cells express ____________ _____________

complementary tRNA anticodon

Each codon is recognized by a ____________

DNA to RNA to polypeptide

Flow of genetic material occurs from ______ to ______ to _________

C

G pairs with _____

transcription and translation

Gene expression involves the processes of _______ & ______

terminator sequence.

In bacteria DNA polymerase dissociates after the __________

polyA signal sequence.

In eukaryotes, DNA polymerase dissociates after the __________

Stop codon

Specifies STOP (UAA, UAG, UGA).

Regulatory sequence

Regulatory proteins bind and control the rate of transcription

ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) and proteins

Ribosomes are composed of:

Gene

Segment of DNA that encodes a functional product

Terminator

Signals the end of transcription

RNA

Some genes encode a functional _______ molecule (e.g. DNA → ribosomal RNA)

non-coding strand

The DNA template strand is also called the _______

degenerate

The genetic code is ..........................

Promoter

The region where RNA polymerase binds to start transcription

more than one

The same amino acid can be encoded by _____________ codon.

Ribosomal-binding site:

The site for ribosome binding (only present in prokaryotes)

removes introns and joins exon

The spliceosome removes _____ and joins______

promoter

during transcription initiation in bacteria, sigma (σ) factor recognizes a __________ and recruits RNA polymerase.

that is being used to make a functional product

if a gene is being expressed it means what?

triplet codons

mRNA is read as a series of ___________

template strand

mRNA sequence is complementary to the DNA _______

non-template strand

mRNA sequence is the same as the __________

polypeptide

proteins are produced from one or more __________

Start codon

specifies the first amino acid (usually AUG)

- Initiation - Elongation - Termination

the 3 steps of initiation:

more factors are involved

transcription initiation Process is similar in eukaryotes, but _________________

- addition of 5' cap - addition of polyA tail - splicing

what happens when a Eukaryotic pre-mRNA is modified to mature mRNA?


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