Biology: Chapter 2 Exam

CTAATGT

A DNA molecule separates, and the sequence GATTACA occurs in one strand. What is the base sequence on the other strand?

c. codominance

A gene for corn has two alleles, one for yellow kernels and one for white kernels. Cross pollination of yellow corn and white corn results in ears of corn that have an approximately even mix of yellow and white kernels. Which term best describes the relationship between the two alleles? a. Genetic recombination b. Chimerism c. Codominance d. Incomplete dominance

nucleus

A major distinguishing characteristic that separates prokaryotes and eukaryotes is the presence of a(n)

thymine

Adenine always pairs with

d. DNA is double stranded, and hydrogen bonds between base pairs hold the two strands together.

Chargaff's rules of base pairing are explained by which structural feature of DNA? a. Each strand of DNA contains a phosphate and sugar backbone. b. The nucleotides of DNA may be arranged in a wide variety of sequences. c. DNA is double-stranded, and covalent bonds between identical nucleotides hold the two d. DNA is double-stranded, and hydrogen bonds between base pairs hold the two strands together.

In Griffith's first experiment, he tested by giving a mouse the disease-causing strain of bacteria and the mouse died. In the second experiment, he gave the mouse the harmless strain of bacteria and the mouse lived. In the third experiment, he gave the mouse heat-killed disease-causing bacteria and the mouse lived. In his fourth experiment, he gave the mouse heat-killed disease- causing bacteria mixed with harmless bacteria which transformed into live disease-causing bacteria and the mouse died. His contributions were meaningful to genetics because then the scientists carried on his work and he concluded that transformation had occurred.

Describe the experimental design (detailing the series of experiments) used by Fredrick Griffith to discern bacterial transformation. How are Griffith's contributions meaningful to genetics?

a. polymerase

During replication, what enzyme adds complementary bases? a. polymerase b. helicase c. synthase d. replicase

sex cells

Gametes are also known as

histones.

In a nucleosome, the DNA is wrapped around

d. all of these

In genetics, organisms such as the fruit fly are selected as model organisms because. a. They produce many offspring b. They are convenient to work with c. They can reproduce quickly d. All of these

c.Mixing a heat-killed pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living non-pathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells into the pathogenic form.

In his transformation experiments, what phenomenon did Griffith observe? a.Infecting mice with non-pathogenic strains of bacteria makes them resistant to pathogenic strains. b.Mixing a heat-killed pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living non-pathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells into the pathogenic form. c.Mixing a heat-killed non-pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living pathogenic strain makes the pathogenic strain non-pathogenic. d.Mice infected with a pathogenic strain of bacteria can spread the infection to other mice.

100%

In snapdragons, heterozygotes have pink flowers, whereas homozygotes have red or white flowers. When plants with red flowers are crossed with plants with white flowers, what proportion of the offspring will have pink flowers?

b. whether cells use DNA or proteins to store genetic information

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, the components of bacteriophages were labeled with radioactive isotopes of sulfur and phosphorus. What was the Hershey-Chase experiment designed to determine? a. whether DNA or RNA is the genetic material of the virus b. whether cells use DNA or proteins to store genetic information c. whether or not viruses satisfy the criteria for life d. whether or not bacteriophages can infect bacteria

gametes

Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces:

4 haploid daughter cells

Meiosis results in _____

physical appearance

Phenotype refers to an organism's:

b. the average outcome of many events

Probability can be used to predict a. how many offspring across will produce b. the average outcome of many events c. which organisms will mate with each other d. precise outcome of any event

incomplete dominance

Suppose a white-furred guinea pig breeds with a black-furred guinea pig and all of their offspring have a phenotype of gray fur. What does the gene for fur color in guinea pig appear to be an example of?

cytosine and thymine

The DNA bases classified as pyrimidines are

Replication fork

The intersection at which helicase 'unzips' DNA in preparation for replication is called the

replication

The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself is called:

b. Bacteriophages inject their DNA into the bacterial cells.

The result of the Hershey-Chase experiment was that radioactivity could be detected inside the bacterial cells when they were infected by bacteriophages marked with phosphorus-32. What did the investigators conclude from this result? a. Bacteriophages inject carbohydrates into the bacterial cells. b. Bacteriophages inject their DNA into the bacterial cells. c. Bacteriophages absorb DNA from bacterial cells. d. Bacteriophages inject their protein into the bacterial cells.

Deoxyribose

The sugar found in DNA is:

22%

Thymine makes up 28% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be guanine?

polygenic traits

Traits that are controlled by two or more genes are said to be

hydrogen bonds

Watson and Crick discovered that ___________ can form only between certain base pairs—adenine and thymine, guanine and cytosine.

c. predicting the result of genetic crosses between organisms of known genotypes

What are Punnett squares used for? a. determining the DNA sequence of a given gene b. identifying the gene locus where allelic variations are possible c. predicting the result of genetic crosses between organisms of known genotypes d. testing for the presence of the radioactive markers

50%

When crossing a homozygous recessive with a heterozygote, what is the chance of getting an offspring with the homozygous recessive phenotype?

sperm cells

Which cells undergo meiosis?

Erwin Chargaff

Which investigator was responsible for the discovery that in DNA from any species, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine?

c. A large number of phages are released at a time.

Which of the following characteristics is typical of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage? a. The viral genome replicates without destroying the host.. b. The virus-host relationship usually lasts for generations c. A large number of phages are released at a time. d. Viral DNA is incorporated into the host genome.

b. DNA contains phosphorus, whereas protein does not.

Which of the following facts did Hershey and Chase make use of in trying to determine whether DNA or protein is the genetic material? a. DNA contains purines, whereas protein includes pyrimidines. b. DNA contains phosphorus, whereas protein does not. c. DNA contains sulfur, whereas protein does not. d. DNA contains nitrogen, whereas protein does not.