Biology chapter 3

How can you tell if a compound is organic or not?

The primary difference between organic compounds and inorganic compounds is that organic compounds always contain carbon while most inorganic compounds do not contain carbon. Also, almost all organic compounds contain carbon-hydrogen or C-H bonds.

condensation reaction

condensation reaction is when monomers link to form polymers through a chemical reaction.

Amino acids become linked together by peptide bonds during ________________ reactions

condensation reactions

Organic molecules that catalyze reactions in living systems are

enzymes

fatty acid

fatty acids are unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids.

functional group

functional groups influence the characteristics of the molecules they compose and the chemical reactions that molecules under. Example: Hydroxyl, -OH

glucose

glucose is a main source of energy for cells.

The three molecules shown are

glucose, fructose, and sucrose

The breakdown of polymers into monomers occurs through a process known as

hydrolysis

Carbon atoms can bond together to form all the following EXCEPT_____________structures

inorganic structures

Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in your body would

occur too slowly to support life processes

steroid

steroid is a lipid that has no fatty acid.

ATP contains _________ phosphate groups.

three

In a triple bond _ pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms

three

wax

wax repels water and is made of fatty acids.

skip

A compound that is stored as glycogen in animals and as starch in plants is

A compound found in living things that supplies the energy in one of its chemical bonds directly to cells is

ATP

what is ATP

ATP is where energy that is needed in our body is stored. this energy that we need is available to cells in the form of certain compounds that store a lot of energy in overall structure. One of these compounds is ATP

Nucleotide

Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA. A nucleotide has 3 parts: phosphate groups, nitrogenous base, and 5-carbon sugar ring.

hydrolysis

The break-down of some complex molecules, such as polymer, occurs through a process known as hydrolysis. In a hydrolysis reaction water is used to break down a polymer.

why does our body need cholesterol?

Your body needs some cholesterol to make hormones, vitamin D, and substances that help you digest foods. Your body makes all the cholesterol it needs. However, cholesterol also is found in some of the foods you eat.

The presence of four electrons in the outermost energy level of a carbon atom enables...

a variety of organic compounds giving us 4 bonds

amino acid

amino acid is the way proteins are formed from the linkage of monomers.

Why are lipids good energy-storage molecules

because they have a lot of carbon bonds which release energy

Enzymes lower activation energy by

bonding with a substrate