Biology Chapter 3
Which vitamin can be synthesized by the body?
D
Which vitamin is water soluble and cannot be synthesized by the body?
C
_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.
Fimbriae
Which of these is hydrophobic like the interior of the plasma membrane?
Lipid soluble molecule
Which organelle performs cellular respiration?
Mitochondrion
How do molecules move across the membrane in passive transport?
Molecules move spontaneously from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Why are whole foods better for your health than processed foods?
Processed foods don't contain all the vitamins and minerals found in whole foods.
Drag the labels onto the flowchart to trace the movement of proteins through the endomembrane system and out of the cell.
Rough ER> Vesicle from ER>Golgi apparatus>Vesicle from Golgi>Plasma Membrane
Carbohydrates are an excellent source of energy for the body. If a candy bar and a pear contain an equal number of calories from carbohydrates, which is a healthier food and why?
The pear is healthier because it contains more vitamins, minerals, and fiber.
Which statement describes carbohydrates?
They can be monomers or polymers.
Why are the trans-fatty acids common in fast foods a concern to nutritionists?
They increase the incidence of clogged arteries
What is a major difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Unsaturated fats contain carbon-to-carbon double bonds, but saturated fats don't.
Which of these occurs during osmosis?
Water moves spontaneously down a concentration gradient across a plasma membrane.
Which food is made up of many branching chains of sugar monomers?
beans
What are the monomer "building blocks" that make up proteins?
amino acids
Which macronutrient is the major source of energy for cell processes?
carbohydrates
Why are monosaccharides used by body cells?
for energy production
you know that this cell is a(n) ___ solution because it ___.
hypertonic solution ... lost water
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that degrade a variety of macromolecules?
lysosome
Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?
lysosome
What are nutrients that the human body requires in large quantities?
macronutrients
Which of these statements is true about minerals?
minerals cannot be made by the body
Which organelle assists the conversion of food energy to ATP in eukaryotic cells?
mitochondria
what body functions require potassium?
muscle movement
What name is given to the process by which water crosses a selectively permeable membrane?
osmosis
How are large substances moved during exocytosis?
out of the cell
Which food is rich in complex carbohydrates?
pasta
What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?
propulsion
What type of molecules, embedded in phospholipid bilayers, transport hydrophilic molecules into or out of the cell?
proteins
Which macromolecule group would include butter as an example?
saturated fat
What is a function of antioxidants?
to decrease damage done to cells by free radicals
hypertonic
when cell shrinks
hypotonic
when cell swells