Biology Chapter 3

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Which vitamin can be synthesized by the body?

D

Which vitamin is water soluble and cannot be synthesized by the body?

C

_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.

Fimbriae

Which of these is hydrophobic like the interior of the plasma membrane?

Lipid soluble molecule

Which organelle performs cellular respiration?

Mitochondrion

How do molecules move across the membrane in passive transport?

Molecules move spontaneously from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Why are whole foods better for your health than processed foods?

Processed foods don't contain all the vitamins and minerals found in whole foods.

Drag the labels onto the flowchart to trace the movement of proteins through the endomembrane system and out of the cell.

Rough ER> Vesicle from ER>Golgi apparatus>Vesicle from Golgi>Plasma Membrane

Carbohydrates are an excellent source of energy for the body. If a candy bar and a pear contain an equal number of calories from carbohydrates, which is a healthier food and why?

The pear is healthier because it contains more vitamins, minerals, and fiber.

Which statement describes carbohydrates?

They can be monomers or polymers.

Why are the trans-fatty acids common in fast foods a concern to nutritionists?

They increase the incidence of clogged arteries

What is a major difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Unsaturated fats contain carbon-to-carbon double bonds, but saturated fats don't.

Which of these occurs during osmosis?

Water moves spontaneously down a concentration gradient across a plasma membrane.

Which food is made up of many branching chains of sugar monomers?

beans

What are the monomer "building blocks" that make up proteins?

amino acids

Which macronutrient is the major source of energy for cell processes?

carbohydrates

Why are monosaccharides used by body cells?

for energy production

you know that this cell is a(n) ___ solution because it ___.

hypertonic solution ... lost water

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that degrade a variety of macromolecules?

lysosome

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

lysosome

What are nutrients that the human body requires in large quantities?

macronutrients

Which of these statements is true about minerals?

minerals cannot be made by the body

Which organelle assists the conversion of food energy to ATP in eukaryotic cells?

mitochondria

what body functions require potassium?

muscle movement

What name is given to the process by which water crosses a selectively permeable membrane?

osmosis

How are large substances moved during exocytosis?

out of the cell

Which food is rich in complex carbohydrates?

pasta

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?

propulsion

What type of molecules, embedded in phospholipid bilayers, transport hydrophilic molecules into or out of the cell?

proteins

Which macromolecule group would include butter as an example?

saturated fat

What is a function of antioxidants?

to decrease damage done to cells by free radicals

hypertonic

when cell shrinks

hypotonic

when cell swells


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