Biology Chapter 3.4-3.5 Test

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In Facilitated diffusion, molecules move (down a concentration gradient/ against a concentration gradient).

down a concentration gradient

A molecule that diffuses down a concentration gradient goes from an area of ______ concentration to an area of _____ concentration.

higher, lower

People with more energy than most other people are described as hyper. A solution with a higher level of solutes than the solution is being compared to is called....

hypertonic

The higher the concentration of dissolved particles in a solution, the _______ the concentration of water molecules in that solution.

lower

All transport proteins span the _________. Most transport proteins change shape when they ________. to a target molecule or molecules.

membrane, bind

What is a Hypotonic Solution?

more water entering the cell than leaving

What is a Hypertonic Solution?

more water leaving the cell than entering

(simple/facilitated) diffusion occurs across the membrane, but (simple/facilitated) diffusion occurs through selective transport proteins.

simple, facilitated

(Active transport/ phagocytosis) is a term that means "cell eating". It describes a type of endocytosis.

Phagocytosis

The movement of molecules down a concentration gradient is.....

Simple diffusion and Facilitated diffusion

A cell may transport a substance in (lysosomes/vesicles) if the substance is too large to cross the membrane.

vesicles

Most active transport proteins use energy from the breakdown of ......

ATP

The movement of molecules against a concentration gradient is.....

Active transport

Molecules (can/ cannot) move across the cell membrane through passive transport

Can

The difference in the concentration gradient of a substance from one location to another is called a _________.

Concentration Gradient

Two examples of passive transport is...

Diffusion and Osmosis

What are two types of passive transport?

Diffusion and Osmosis

What is Facilitated Diffusion?

Diffusion through transport

The word facilitated means "to make easier". __________________ means that the transport protein makes it easier for a molecule that cannot directly cross the cell membrane to enter or exit a cell.

Facilitated diffusion

The movement of molecules through selective membrane proteins is....

Facilitated diffusion and active transport

The __________ solution has the highest concentration of particles.

Hypertonic

What are three types of solutions?

Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic

(Active transport/ Facilitated diffusion) drives molecules across a membrane against a concentration gradient.

active transport

The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another is called a......

concentration gradient.

What process takes substances into a cell?

endocytosis

What process moves substances in vesicles?

endocytosis and exocytosis

What process uses energy?

endocytosis and exocytosis

Active transport proteins have one key distinguishing feature, which is that they use __________ to move a substance against its concentration gradient.

energy

Passive transport requires no ....

energy from the cell

During endocytosis, the vesicle membrane fuses with a lysosome, and the membrane and its contents are broken down by a lysosomal (enzymes/gradients)

enzymes

What is an Isotonic Solution?

equal amounts of water entering and leaving the cell

What process releases substances outside a cell?

exocytosis

The prefix exo- means "out of" and the prefix endo- means "taking in". Therefore, (exocytosis/endocytosis) is a process that releases substances outside a cell, and (exocytosis/endocytosis) is a process that takes substances into a cell

exocytosis, endocytosis

The ________ solution has the highest concentration of water molecules.

hypotonic

Osmosis

the diffusion of water

Diffusion

the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient

Diffusion gets energy from...

the natural motion of particles


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