Biology Chapter 3.4-3.5 Test
In Facilitated diffusion, molecules move (down a concentration gradient/ against a concentration gradient).
down a concentration gradient
A molecule that diffuses down a concentration gradient goes from an area of ______ concentration to an area of _____ concentration.
higher, lower
People with more energy than most other people are described as hyper. A solution with a higher level of solutes than the solution is being compared to is called....
hypertonic
The higher the concentration of dissolved particles in a solution, the _______ the concentration of water molecules in that solution.
lower
All transport proteins span the _________. Most transport proteins change shape when they ________. to a target molecule or molecules.
membrane, bind
What is a Hypotonic Solution?
more water entering the cell than leaving
What is a Hypertonic Solution?
more water leaving the cell than entering
(simple/facilitated) diffusion occurs across the membrane, but (simple/facilitated) diffusion occurs through selective transport proteins.
simple, facilitated
(Active transport/ phagocytosis) is a term that means "cell eating". It describes a type of endocytosis.
Phagocytosis
The movement of molecules down a concentration gradient is.....
Simple diffusion and Facilitated diffusion
A cell may transport a substance in (lysosomes/vesicles) if the substance is too large to cross the membrane.
vesicles
Most active transport proteins use energy from the breakdown of ......
ATP
The movement of molecules against a concentration gradient is.....
Active transport
Molecules (can/ cannot) move across the cell membrane through passive transport
Can
The difference in the concentration gradient of a substance from one location to another is called a _________.
Concentration Gradient
Two examples of passive transport is...
Diffusion and Osmosis
What are two types of passive transport?
Diffusion and Osmosis
What is Facilitated Diffusion?
Diffusion through transport
The word facilitated means "to make easier". __________________ means that the transport protein makes it easier for a molecule that cannot directly cross the cell membrane to enter or exit a cell.
Facilitated diffusion
The movement of molecules through selective membrane proteins is....
Facilitated diffusion and active transport
The __________ solution has the highest concentration of particles.
Hypertonic
What are three types of solutions?
Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic
(Active transport/ Facilitated diffusion) drives molecules across a membrane against a concentration gradient.
active transport
The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another is called a......
concentration gradient.
What process takes substances into a cell?
endocytosis
What process moves substances in vesicles?
endocytosis and exocytosis
What process uses energy?
endocytosis and exocytosis
Active transport proteins have one key distinguishing feature, which is that they use __________ to move a substance against its concentration gradient.
energy
Passive transport requires no ....
energy from the cell
During endocytosis, the vesicle membrane fuses with a lysosome, and the membrane and its contents are broken down by a lysosomal (enzymes/gradients)
enzymes
What is an Isotonic Solution?
equal amounts of water entering and leaving the cell
What process releases substances outside a cell?
exocytosis
The prefix exo- means "out of" and the prefix endo- means "taking in". Therefore, (exocytosis/endocytosis) is a process that releases substances outside a cell, and (exocytosis/endocytosis) is a process that takes substances into a cell
exocytosis, endocytosis
The ________ solution has the highest concentration of water molecules.
hypotonic
Osmosis
the diffusion of water
Diffusion
the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient
Diffusion gets energy from...
the natural motion of particles
