Biology Chapter 4

Prokaryotic

______ cells are the simplest forms of life and lack a nucleus.

eukaryotic

plant cells are

potential

Stored energy available to do work is called ______ energy.

light

The ______ microscope is ideal for viewing living cells that are between 200 nanometers and 1 millimeter in size.

mRNA

The ______ produced in the nucleus enters the cytoplasm and binds to ribosomes, the sites of protein synthesis.

phospholipid

The cell membrane is composed of a type of lipid molecule called a(n) ______, which has two fatty acids and a phosphate group extending from a glycerol molecule.

hydrophilic; hydrophobic

The head of a phospholipid is ______, meaning its polar covalent bonds attract water, but the tails of a phospholipid are ______ and thus water-insoluble.

Hooke

What English physicist first observed the outlines of cells when he looked at cork from an oak tree?

ribosome

What cell structure binds to mRNA coming from the nucleus and manufactures proteins?

Endoplasmic reticulum

What is a network of sacs and tubules extending off the nuclear envelope and is where proteins and lipids are produced?

peroxisome

What organelle protects all eukaryotic cells from toxic substances or toxic by-products of chemical reactions?

light microscope

What type of microscope passes light through a transparent or thinly sliced specimen to generate true-color views of cells?

vacuoles Golgi apparatus nuclear envelope lysosomes endoplasmic reticulum

Select all of the cell parts that are involved in the endomembrane system.

system of internal membranes nucleus larger than prokaryotic cells

Select all of the characteristics of eukaryotic cells.

phosphate group two fatty acids glycerol molecule

Select all of the following that are components of phospholipid molecules, which are the main constituents of cell membranes.

pigments weak acids degrading enzymes water and salts

Select all of the following that are contained within a plant's central vacuole.

ribosomes cytoplasm enzymes DNA

Select all of the following that are present in bacterial cells.

RNA DNA ribosomes cytoplasm

Select all of the following that are present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

molecules that compose the cell membranes evolutionary relationship to eukaryotes chemical composition of flagella

Select all of the following that differ between domains Bacteria and Archaea.

synthesize lipids house enzymes that detoxify drugs and poisons

Select all of the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

enclose organelles in eukaryotic cells receive and respond to external stimuli transport substances into and out of the cell

Select all the roles that membranes play in cells.

organelles

The endomembrane system is a coordinated system of ______ in eukaryotic cells.

phosphate head

In cell membranes, what part of a phospholipid molecule is oriented toward the outside of the bilayer?

nucleolus.

Inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, the subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the

Eukarya

Key genetic sequences suggest that archaea are more closely related to members of domain ______ than they are to members of Domain Bacteria.

phospholipid

The molecule shown in the picture is a

ribosomes

The nucleolus is a dense spot in the nucleus where components of ______ are assembled.