Biology - Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell - Quiz

chromatin

Within the nucleus of a cell, long DNA molecules and associated proteins form fibers called ____.

translation

What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein?

100

1 meter equals ____ centimeters.

eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not

A major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that ____.

MRSA bacteria lacing the ability to produce a protein (PSM) would be less deadly than those producing it

A study conducted by the Natural Institutes of Health on the infectivity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) stated their hypothesis as ____.

messenger RNA

Coded genetic information is produced in the nucleus and transferred to the cytoplasm in a molecule called ____.

is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils

The plant cell wall

stabilization of the phospholipids

What is the function of structure E?

the nucleus

What is the genetic center of the eukaryotic cell?

ribosomes

What is the primary site of protein production in a eukaryotic cell?

a cell

What is the smallest entity that exhibits all the characteristics of life?

transcription

What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA?

RNA processing

What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?

The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?

Storing compounds produced by the cell

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?

lysosome

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

Mitochondrion

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?

The few drug-resistant bacteria in the population reproduced, quickly leading to a large drug-resistant population; between time points C and D, drug-resistant bacteria were reproducing faster than non-drug resistant bacteria were dying; bacteria that acquired a mutation that conferred drug-resistance had a growth advantage over non-resistant bacteria

Which three statements may correctly explain why the population size increases after time point C?

B

Which time point on the graph shows when the antibiotic was first added?

Central vacuoles; ribosomes

____ are found only in plant cells, but ____ are found in both plant and animal cells.

lysosome

found in animal cells but not most plant cells

nucleus

found in both plant and animal cells

rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

found in both plant and animal cells

cell wall

found in plant cells but not animal cells

chloroplast

found in plant cells but not animal cells

chloroplast

makes food by converting light energy into chemical energy

central vacuole

regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cells compounds

glycoprotein

Identify structure A.

phospholipid bilayer of membrane

Identify structure D.

mitochondria and chloroplasts

In addition to the nucleus, which of the following are organelles that contain their own DNA and ribosomes?

transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA

In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the ____.

plant cells and animal cells

Mitochondria, the sites of cellular respiration, are found in ____.

by targeting structures found only in bacterial cells and not the host cells

Over 100 years ago, microbiologist Paul Ehrlich talked about his concept of the ideal antibiotic as a "magic bullet" that could kill harmful bacteria but have minimal side effects for the infected person. How do antibiotics accomplish this goal?

amino acids

Polypeptides are assembled from ____.

mRNA

RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into ____.

bacteria are so small

The electron microscope has been particularly useful in studying bacteria because ____.

convert light energy to chemical energy

The function of the chloroplast is to ____.

light microscope

The most commonly used microscope, which uses visible light to view cells, is called a ____.

endomembrane system

The nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles make up the

cytoplasm

The term used to indicate the part of a eukaryotic cell where organelles are suspended in fluid is ____.

mitochondrion

converts chemical fuel into packets of energy (ATP) that can power the cell

Golgi Apparatus

modifies and packages proteins

plant cell wall

strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils