Biology - Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell - Quiz
chromatin
Within the nucleus of a cell, long DNA molecules and associated proteins form fibers called ____.
translation
What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein?
100
1 meter equals ____ centimeters.
eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not
A major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that ____.
MRSA bacteria lacing the ability to produce a protein (PSM) would be less deadly than those producing it
A study conducted by the Natural Institutes of Health on the infectivity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) stated their hypothesis as ____.
messenger RNA
Coded genetic information is produced in the nucleus and transferred to the cytoplasm in a molecule called ____.
is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils
The plant cell wall
stabilization of the phospholipids
What is the function of structure E?
the nucleus
What is the genetic center of the eukaryotic cell?
ribosomes
What is the primary site of protein production in a eukaryotic cell?
a cell
What is the smallest entity that exhibits all the characteristics of life?
transcription
What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA?
RNA processing
What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?
The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.
Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?
Storing compounds produced by the cell
Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?
lysosome
Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?
Mitochondrion
Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?
The few drug-resistant bacteria in the population reproduced, quickly leading to a large drug-resistant population; between time points C and D, drug-resistant bacteria were reproducing faster than non-drug resistant bacteria were dying; bacteria that acquired a mutation that conferred drug-resistance had a growth advantage over non-resistant bacteria
Which three statements may correctly explain why the population size increases after time point C?
B
Which time point on the graph shows when the antibiotic was first added?
Central vacuoles; ribosomes
____ are found only in plant cells, but ____ are found in both plant and animal cells.
lysosome
found in animal cells but not most plant cells
nucleus
found in both plant and animal cells
rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
found in both plant and animal cells
cell wall
found in plant cells but not animal cells
chloroplast
found in plant cells but not animal cells
chloroplast
makes food by converting light energy into chemical energy
central vacuole
regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cells compounds
glycoprotein
Identify structure A.
phospholipid bilayer of membrane
Identify structure D.
mitochondria and chloroplasts
In addition to the nucleus, which of the following are organelles that contain their own DNA and ribosomes?
transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA
In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the ____.
plant cells and animal cells
Mitochondria, the sites of cellular respiration, are found in ____.
by targeting structures found only in bacterial cells and not the host cells
Over 100 years ago, microbiologist Paul Ehrlich talked about his concept of the ideal antibiotic as a "magic bullet" that could kill harmful bacteria but have minimal side effects for the infected person. How do antibiotics accomplish this goal?
amino acids
Polypeptides are assembled from ____.
mRNA
RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into ____.
bacteria are so small
The electron microscope has been particularly useful in studying bacteria because ____.
convert light energy to chemical energy
The function of the chloroplast is to ____.
light microscope
The most commonly used microscope, which uses visible light to view cells, is called a ____.
endomembrane system
The nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles make up the
cytoplasm
The term used to indicate the part of a eukaryotic cell where organelles are suspended in fluid is ____.
mitochondrion
converts chemical fuel into packets of energy (ATP) that can power the cell
Golgi Apparatus
modifies and packages proteins
plant cell wall
strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils