Biology Chapter 5
Pinocytosis; exocytosis
Cell forms an invagination; materials dissolve in water to be brought into cell. Called "Cell Drinking"
Facilitated diffusion
In passive transport, uses transport proteins to move high to low concentration
Simple diffusion
In passive transport, what moves from high to low in concentration and doesn't require energy
Cell membrane
Is flexible and allows a unicellular organism to move
Cell membrane
Large molecules that are manufactured in the cell are released through the
Phospholipids
Make up the cell membrane and contain 2 fatty acid chains that are nonpolar
Lipids
Materials that are soluble in what can pass through the cell membrane easily
Exocytosis
Molecules that are too large to be moved across a cell membrane can be removed from the cell by
Endocytosis
Molecules that are too large to be moved through the membrane can be transported into the cell by
Pinocytosis
Most common form of endocytosis; takes in dissolved molecules as a vehicle
Hydrophobic
Nonpolar tails are
Change shape
Other carrier proteins do what to move materials across the cell membrane
Polar; glycerol
Phospholipid head is what and contains what
Hydrophilic
Polar heads are
Plasma membrane
Regulate transport in and out of the cell; contains the cytoplasm
Active transport
Requires energy or ATP and moves against or from low to high on the concentration gradient
Simple diffusion
Requires no energy and moves molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Exocytosis
Ridding the cell of material by discharging it from sacs at the cell's surface is called
Facilitated diffusion
Sugar molecules can enter cells through the process of
Homeostasis
The balanced internal condition of cells also called equilibrium; is maintained by the plasma membrane controlling what enters and leaves the cells
Phospholipids; lipid bilayer
The cell membrane is made of two layers of what called the what?
Selective
The cell membrane makes membranes what to crossing things
Diffusion
The dispersal of ink in a beaker of water is an example of
Osmosis
The process by which water passes into or out of a cell is called
Phagocytosis
The process in which amoeba engulfs its prey and takes it in is known as
Potassium into the cell
The sodium potassium pump usually pumps
Phagocytosis; endocytosis
Used to engulf large particles such as food, bacteria, etc. into vesicles; called cell eating
Ions, hydrophilic molecules larger than water, and proteins
What three things can not move through the membrane on their own?
Small molecules and larger hydrophobic molecules
What two molecules can move through the membrane easily
Hydrophobic- easily;hydrophilic- not easy
Which molecules pass easily and which molecules don't
Diffusion
Which of the following does not expand energy
Diffusion
a PASSIVE process which means no energy is used to make the molecules move, they have a natural KINETIC ENERGY
Channel proteins
are embedded in the cell membrane & have a pore for materials to cross; Molecules will randomly move through the pores in this also
Fluid
because individual phospholipids and proteins can move side-to-side within the layer, like it's a liquid.
Mosaic
because of the pattern produced by the scattered protein molecules when the membrane is viewed from above.
Carrier proteins
can change shape to move material from one side of the membrane to the other
Integral proteins
have receptors on their surface to recognize & take in hormones, cholesterol, etc.
ATP
Active transport systems are a form of cell transport the requires energy from molecules of
Aquaporins
Are water channels and protein pores used during osmosis
Eventually becomes balanced on both sides of a membrane
As a result of diffusion, the concentration of many types of substances do what
Bind and drag molecules
Carrier proteins do what through the lipid bilayer and release them on the opposite side
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a membrane; moves water from high water potential to low water potential
From an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Diffusion takes place where
Carrier proteins
Do not always extend through the membrane
False
During the process of exocytosis, the cell membrane extends to engulf substances that are too big to pass through the cell membrane.
True
True do false? In active transport, energy is required to move a substance across a cell membrane
False
True or false? A cell placed in a strong salt solution would probably burst because of an increase of osmotic pressure.
False
True or false? Diffusion is an active process that requires a cell to expand a great deal of energy.
False
True or false? During diffusion, molecules diffuse from a region where their concentration is low to a region where their concentration is higher until they are evenly dispersed.
True
True or false? Exocytosis helps the cell get rid of wastes
True
True or false? Ion channels are usually able to transport only one type of ion
True
True or false? The sodium potassium pump moves sodium and potassium ions against the concentration gradient.
True
True or false? The transport of specific particles through a membrane by carrier proteins is known as facilitated diffusion
True
True or false? When the concentration of solute solitaire the cell is equal to the concentration of spouted inside the cell, the cell solution is isotonic relative to its environment
