Biology Chapter 5

Pinocytosis; exocytosis

Cell forms an invagination; materials dissolve in water to be brought into cell. Called "Cell Drinking"

Facilitated diffusion

In passive transport, uses transport proteins to move high to low concentration

Simple diffusion

In passive transport, what moves from high to low in concentration and doesn't require energy

Cell membrane

Is flexible and allows a unicellular organism to move

Cell membrane

Large molecules that are manufactured in the cell are released through the

Phospholipids

Make up the cell membrane and contain 2 fatty acid chains that are nonpolar

Lipids

Materials that are soluble in what can pass through the cell membrane easily

Exocytosis

Molecules that are too large to be moved across a cell membrane can be removed from the cell by

Endocytosis

Molecules that are too large to be moved through the membrane can be transported into the cell by

Pinocytosis

Most common form of endocytosis; takes in dissolved molecules as a vehicle

Hydrophobic

Nonpolar tails are

Change shape

Other carrier proteins do what to move materials across the cell membrane

Polar; glycerol

Phospholipid head is what and contains what

Hydrophilic

Polar heads are

Plasma membrane

Regulate transport in and out of the cell; contains the cytoplasm

Active transport

Requires energy or ATP and moves against or from low to high on the concentration gradient

Simple diffusion

Requires no energy and moves molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Exocytosis

Ridding the cell of material by discharging it from sacs at the cell's surface is called

Facilitated diffusion

Sugar molecules can enter cells through the process of

Homeostasis

The balanced internal condition of cells also called equilibrium; is maintained by the plasma membrane controlling what enters and leaves the cells

Phospholipids; lipid bilayer

The cell membrane is made of two layers of what called the what?

Selective

The cell membrane makes membranes what to crossing things

Diffusion

The dispersal of ink in a beaker of water is an example of

Osmosis

The process by which water passes into or out of a cell is called

Phagocytosis

The process in which amoeba engulfs its prey and takes it in is known as

Potassium into the cell

The sodium potassium pump usually pumps

Phagocytosis; endocytosis

Used to engulf large particles such as food, bacteria, etc. into vesicles; called cell eating

Ions, hydrophilic molecules larger than water, and proteins

What three things can not move through the membrane on their own?

Small molecules and larger hydrophobic molecules

What two molecules can move through the membrane easily

Hydrophobic- easily;hydrophilic- not easy

Which molecules pass easily and which molecules don't

Diffusion

Which of the following does not expand energy

Diffusion

a PASSIVE process which means no energy is used to make the molecules move, they have a natural KINETIC ENERGY

Channel proteins

are embedded in the cell membrane & have a pore for materials to cross; Molecules will randomly move through the pores in this also

Fluid

because individual phospholipids and proteins can move side-to-side within the layer, like it's a liquid.

Mosaic

because of the pattern produced by the scattered protein molecules when the membrane is viewed from above.

Carrier proteins

can change shape to move material from one side of the membrane to the other

Integral proteins

have receptors on their surface to recognize & take in hormones, cholesterol, etc.

ATP

Active transport systems are a form of cell transport the requires energy from molecules of

Aquaporins

Are water channels and protein pores used during osmosis

Eventually becomes balanced on both sides of a membrane

As a result of diffusion, the concentration of many types of substances do what

Bind and drag molecules

Carrier proteins do what through the lipid bilayer and release them on the opposite side

Osmosis

Diffusion of water across a membrane; moves water from high water potential to low water potential

From an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Diffusion takes place where

Carrier proteins

Do not always extend through the membrane

False

During the process of exocytosis, the cell membrane extends to engulf substances that are too big to pass through the cell membrane.

True

True do false? In active transport, energy is required to move a substance across a cell membrane

False

True or false? A cell placed in a strong salt solution would probably burst because of an increase of osmotic pressure.

False

True or false? Diffusion is an active process that requires a cell to expand a great deal of energy.

False

True or false? During diffusion, molecules diffuse from a region where their concentration is low to a region where their concentration is higher until they are evenly dispersed.

True

True or false? Exocytosis helps the cell get rid of wastes

True

True or false? Ion channels are usually able to transport only one type of ion

True

True or false? The sodium potassium pump moves sodium and potassium ions against the concentration gradient.

True

True or false? The transport of specific particles through a membrane by carrier proteins is known as facilitated diffusion

True

True or false? When the concentration of solute solitaire the cell is equal to the concentration of spouted inside the cell, the cell solution is isotonic relative to its environment