Biology Chapter Five

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.

Which of the following is best associated with a coupled reaction?

The breakdown of ATP generally releases more energy (and heat) than is needed to power the metabolic reaction.

When a potted houseplant is wilting, the addition of water quickly changes the look of the plant. This can be accounted for by which of the following statements?

The water creates a hypotonic environment causing the cells to gain water.

Less energy is needed to bring about a reaction when an enzyme is present.

True

ATP releases energy when

a phosphate is removed.

The changing of an enzyme's shape as the substrate binds to the active site is called the

induced fit model.

The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the

active site.

Which of these words should be classified separately from the others?

active transport

Which of the following is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy?

an apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules

Which of the areas shown in the figure below indicates the presence of an enzyme?

c

Which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis that is used during cellular respiration?

carbon dioxide

ATP breakdown provides the energy necessary for muscle contraction. This is an example of which concept?

coupled reactions

Enzymes are usually named based on the substrate that they bind. This is possible because

each type of enzyme binds only one specific substrate.

What function do the carrier proteins embedded in the cell membrane serve?

facilitated diffusion

What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions?

feedback inhibition

Which of the following is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity?

feedback inhibition

Energy of activation

is the energy required for molecules to react with each other.

If the concentration of the solute is the same in the cell as it is in the surrounding solution, the cell is in a(n) _________________environment.

isotonic.

ATP is a good source of energy for a cell because

its breakdown is coupled with energy-requiring reactions.

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by

lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed.

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which energy flows through an ecosystem?

solar energy - chloroplast - mitochondria

Once the substrate moves into the active site of the enzyme,

the enzyme alters in shape to more closely fit the substrate

Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?

the skier traveling downhill

In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind?

to the first enzyme in the pathway

Which of the following statements about ATP is inaccurate?

ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups.