Biology Exam 2
If three molecules of glucose went through glycolysis and eventually into the citric acid cycle, how many times did the preparatory reaction occur?
6
Which of the following correctly lists the order in which energy flows through an ecosystem?
solar energy - mitochondria - chloroplast
How does ATP synthase obtain the energy to produce ATP?
Hydrogen ions flow down a concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the stroma through ATP synthase, releasing energy that can be used to produce ATP from ADP + Pi.
What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane, shown here, provide?
greater surface area for ATP production
A general eukaryotic cell is typically in the area of
10-100 mm.
Cellular respiration uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy stored in organic molecules into __________.
ATP
The energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain is ultimately used to produce
ATP
Which of the following statements about ATP is inaccurate?
ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups
light dependent reactions
Reactants; light, water, ADP, NADPH Products; O2, ATP, NADPH
Which of the following is a disadvantage of C4 photosynthesis relative to C3 photosynthesis?
C4 plants need energy to move fixed carbon compounds into bundle sheath cells
Glucose is a 6-carbon molecule. How is it changed as it moves through glycolysis?
Electrons and hydrogen are removed, and the molecule is rearranged to form three 2-carbon molecules
Not all molecules contain the same amount of chemical energy. What is the energy relationship between G3P and CO2?
G3P has more energy than CO2
Which organelle modifies the contents within vesicles and then repackages them for export?
Golgi apparatus
Replacement electrons for the reaction center of photosystem II are derived from
H2O (water)
Which of the following is an example of simple diffusion?
a sugar cube dissolves in coffee
Carotenoids are found in high concentrations in yellow and orange leaves or vegetables. Why do these leaves and vegetables appear yellow or orange?
The carotenoids reflect and transmit yellow and orange wavelengths of light
What is the biological risk of using salt on icy roads in parts of the country that have a cold winter season?
The salt has the risk of leeching into the ground and creating a hypertonic environment for plant cells
ATP releases energy when
a phosphate is removed
As a molecule moves through the plasma membrane it passes through
a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, and then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads.
Which of the following is a type of intracellular protein?
actin filaments kinesin microtubules myosin (all of the above)
The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. Which of the following processes could the cell use to obtain more calcium?
active transport
Enzymes are usually named based on the substrate that they bind. This is possible because
an enzyme is only associated with one metabolic pathway
A cell being observed under a microscope has a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, and chromosomal material that is not found in a nucleus. Based on this information, the cell could be a
bacterial cell
The cristae of a mitochondrion are critical __________.
because they are the site of the electron transport chain and they contain the ATP synthase complexes
Without gap junctions in certain tissues,
cells would not be able to communicate with each other
What cellular process uses oxygen to produce ATP from glucose and other organic molecules?
cellular respiration
When glucose is broken down to CO2 and H2O, ________ energy is released and converted into ________.
chemical; ATP
molecule that traps the sun's energy
chlorophyll
Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it
does not require energy from the cell
The processes of glycolysis that break down glucose to pyruvate during the energy-investment phase involve the removal of __________
electrons and hydrogen from glucose, and the addition of phosphate to ADP
What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions?
feedback inhibition
Which of the following is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity?
feedback inhibition
Intestinal cells absorb glucose via active transport. What would happen if all the mitochondria within these intestinal cells were destroyed?
glucose absorption would decrease
Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium—a single-celled organism. The best device to do this would be a(n)
light microscope
Which of the following is a correct match?
lysosomes - cellular digestion
The final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain is ________, resulting in formation of ________.
oxygen; water
the oxygen of a plant comes directly from
photosynthesis
Both plants and animals need mitochondria to
produce ATP
Which of the following is a function specific to photosystem I?
produce NADPH
Which of the following methods of transport uses a coated pit to take in a specific type of molecule?
receptor-mediated endocytosis
Which of the following organelles lacks a membrane?
ribosomes
The difference between bundle sheath cells in C3 and C4 plants is that
the bundle sheath cells in C3 plants are arranged in columns just beneath the upper epidermis, while those in C4 plants are arranged in a ring around veins.
Which of the following allows eukaryotic cells and their organelles to move?
the cytoskeleton
ATP synthase derives energy for the generation of ATP from
the movement of hydrogen ions down their concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the stroma
What is oxidation?
the removal of H+ ions to form new molecules
Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?
the skier traveling downhill
Inside the chloroplasts, chlorophyll is found in the
thylakoid membrane
The production of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) in the Calvin cycle requires six molecules each of ATP and NADPH. Another three molecules of ATP are then used in the cycle. What is the purpose of these three additional ATP molecules?
to regenerate the starter molecule RuBP
During photosynthesis, ________ is oxidized, while ________ is reduced.
water; carbon dioxide
If you were able to stop the process of cellular respiration after the completion of the electron transport chain but prior to chemiosmosis, what would you find is true about the pH in the mitochondria?
It is lowest in the intermembrane space
Which of the following is a coenzyme?
NADP+
Which of the following is mismatched?
Preparatory reaction - cristae of mitochondria
light independent reactions
Reactants; ATP, NADPH, CO2 Products; ADP, NADP+, Glucose