Biology Exam 2

If three molecules of glucose went through glycolysis and eventually into the citric acid cycle, how many times did the preparatory reaction occur?

6

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which energy flows through an ecosystem?

solar energy - mitochondria - chloroplast

How does ATP synthase obtain the energy to produce ATP?

Hydrogen ions flow down a concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the stroma through ATP synthase, releasing energy that can be used to produce ATP from ADP + Pi.

What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane, shown here, provide?

greater surface area for ATP production

A general eukaryotic cell is typically in the area of

10-100 mm.

Cellular respiration uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy stored in organic molecules into __________.

ATP

The energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain is ultimately used to produce

ATP

Which of the following statements about ATP is inaccurate?

ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups

light dependent reactions

Reactants; light, water, ADP, NADPH Products; O2, ATP, NADPH

Which of the following is a disadvantage of C4 photosynthesis relative to C3 photosynthesis?

C4 plants need energy to move fixed carbon compounds into bundle sheath cells

Glucose is a 6-carbon molecule. How is it changed as it moves through glycolysis?

Electrons and hydrogen are removed, and the molecule is rearranged to form three 2-carbon molecules

Not all molecules contain the same amount of chemical energy. What is the energy relationship between G3P and CO2?

G3P has more energy than CO2

Which organelle modifies the contents within vesicles and then repackages them for export?

Golgi apparatus

Replacement electrons for the reaction center of photosystem II are derived from

H2O (water)

Which of the following is an example of simple diffusion?

a sugar cube dissolves in coffee

Carotenoids are found in high concentrations in yellow and orange leaves or vegetables. Why do these leaves and vegetables appear yellow or orange?

The carotenoids reflect and transmit yellow and orange wavelengths of light

What is the biological risk of using salt on icy roads in parts of the country that have a cold winter season?

The salt has the risk of leeching into the ground and creating a hypertonic environment for plant cells

ATP releases energy when

a phosphate is removed

As a molecule moves through the plasma membrane it passes through

a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, and then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads.

Which of the following is a type of intracellular protein?

actin filaments kinesin microtubules myosin (all of the above)

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. Which of the following processes could the cell use to obtain more calcium?

active transport

Enzymes are usually named based on the substrate that they bind. This is possible because

an enzyme is only associated with one metabolic pathway

A cell being observed under a microscope has a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, and chromosomal material that is not found in a nucleus. Based on this information, the cell could be a

bacterial cell

The cristae of a mitochondrion are critical __________.

because they are the site of the electron transport chain and they contain the ATP synthase complexes

Without gap junctions in certain tissues,

cells would not be able to communicate with each other

What cellular process uses oxygen to produce ATP from glucose and other organic molecules?

cellular respiration

When glucose is broken down to CO2 and H2O, ________ energy is released and converted into ________.

chemical; ATP

molecule that traps the sun's energy

chlorophyll

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it

does not require energy from the cell

The processes of glycolysis that break down glucose to pyruvate during the energy-investment phase involve the removal of __________

electrons and hydrogen from glucose, and the addition of phosphate to ADP

What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions?

feedback inhibition

Which of the following is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity?

feedback inhibition

Intestinal cells absorb glucose via active transport. What would happen if all the mitochondria within these intestinal cells were destroyed?

glucose absorption would decrease

Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium—a single-celled organism. The best device to do this would be a(n)

light microscope

Which of the following is a correct match?

lysosomes - cellular digestion

The final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain is ________, resulting in formation of ________.

oxygen; water

the oxygen of a plant comes directly from

photosynthesis

Both plants and animals need mitochondria to

produce ATP

Which of the following is a function specific to photosystem I?

produce NADPH

Which of the following methods of transport uses a coated pit to take in a specific type of molecule?

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Which of the following organelles lacks a membrane?

ribosomes

The difference between bundle sheath cells in C3 and C4 plants is that

the bundle sheath cells in C3 plants are arranged in columns just beneath the upper epidermis, while those in C4 plants are arranged in a ring around veins.

Which of the following allows eukaryotic cells and their organelles to move?

the cytoskeleton

ATP synthase derives energy for the generation of ATP from

the movement of hydrogen ions down their concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the stroma

What is oxidation?

the removal of H+ ions to form new molecules

Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?

the skier traveling downhill

Inside the chloroplasts, chlorophyll is found in the

thylakoid membrane

The production of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) in the Calvin cycle requires six molecules each of ATP and NADPH. Another three molecules of ATP are then used in the cycle. What is the purpose of these three additional ATP molecules?

to regenerate the starter molecule RuBP

During photosynthesis, ________ is oxidized, while ________ is reduced.

water; carbon dioxide

If you were able to stop the process of cellular respiration after the completion of the electron transport chain but prior to chemiosmosis, what would you find is true about the pH in the mitochondria?

It is lowest in the intermembrane space

Which of the following is a coenzyme?

NADP+

Which of the following is mismatched?

Preparatory reaction - cristae of mitochondria

light independent reactions

Reactants; ATP, NADPH, CO2 Products; ADP, NADP+, Glucose